Curated News: JAMA

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Learn about the latest research breakthroughs and faculty updates at Cedars-Sinai for February 2023.

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Gestational diabetes and preeclampsia may be linked to slower biological development in infants, according to a new study led by USC.

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A new study calculated the economic cost of cancers around the world, helping policymakers allocate resources appropriately and enact policies to curb the increase in cancer-related death and disability.

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Bisexual women were half as likely as their heterosexual peers to have high scores on a scale measuring cardiovascular health, new research from Columbia University School of Nursing shows.

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Patients with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer who live in low-income neighborhoods are likelier to have more-aggressive tumors and significantly lower overall survival (OS) than those in higher-income neighborhoods, according to research led by Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. The study, “Association of neighborhood-level household income with 21-gene recurrence score and survival among patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer,” appears today in JAMA Network Open.

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Asking patients to take a short survey on a tablet before their appointments may help mental health providers identify young people at risk of psychosis. A UC Davis Health study found that when patients took a 21-question pre-visit survey, more than twice as many were identified at risk of psychosis compared to those who did not complete the survey. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, psychosis often begins when a person is in his or her late teens to mid-twenties. About 100,000 new cases of psychosis are diagnosed each year in the U.S.

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Researchers calculated the effect of social determinants of health — specifically neighborhood disadvantage and insurance status — on mortality and found they accounted for 19% of the disparity. They also calculated the effect of biological characteristics of the tumors by looking at data from genomic laboratory test results, which were used to anticipate tumor response to chemotherapy and likelihood of recurrence. They found tumor biology accounted for 20% of the disparity.

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Investigators in the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai have confirmed that people who have had COVID-19 have an increased risk for new-onset diabetes—the most significant contributor to cardiovascular disease.

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New UC Davis Health research confirms that pediatric critical care telemedicine consults with clinicians in rural and community emergency departments result in fewer hospital transfers.

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Contrary to some common claims, a study led by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers found that relatively high doses of cannabidiol (CBD) may increase the adverse effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active ingredient in cannabis that can cause a mood alteration or a “high” sensation. The findings show that in edible cannabis products, CBD inhibits the metabolism, or breakdown, of THC, which may result in stronger and longer drug effects.

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In a study of nearly 3,000 schoolchildren, silver diamine fluoride—a liquid that is brushed onto the surface of teeth to prevent cavities or keep them from worsening—was as effective against cavities as dental sealants, the standard of care.

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The 2023 Kappa Delta Ann Doner Vaughn Award was given to Michelle Ghert, MD, FRCSC, on behalf of the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) investigators for their research on the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) through antibiotic prophylaxis following oncologic reconstruction surgery for bone tumors.

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St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital researchers find increased risk of mortality in childhood cancer survivors is associated independently with local poverty, chronic conditions and frailty.

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Toddlers’ level of attention to "motherese" speech can be used as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). UC San Diego scientists developed a new eye-tracking test to measure it, which can accurately identify toddlers with a subtype of ASD.

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The autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis can take a variety of courses.

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Patients’ satisfaction with their physicians may influence their decisions to undergo bariatric surgery, according to a multicenter study involving UT Southwestern and the UTHealth School of Public Health published in JAMA Network Open.

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While early treatment of diabetes-related eye disease slowed progression to severe disease, it did not improve visual acuity compared with treating more severe disease once it developed, according to a clinical study from the DRCR Retina Network.

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A new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that the share of promotional spending allocated to consumer advertising was on average 14.3 percentage points higher for drugs with low added benefit compared to drugs with high added benefit.

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Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have further documented an association between a substantially higher risk of maternal morbidity and mortality among those with the inherited blood disorder sickle cell disease (SCD) compared to those without it. Their analysis, using a large national administrative database with records for pregnant people with SCD, found the maternal mortality rate was 26 times greater than the national average. This figure has not improved since the last time this population was assessed.

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Kevin Garey, professor of pharmacy practice and translational research at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy is reporting the first well-controlled study to demonstrate that a microbiome therapeutic, SER-109, is associated with significant quality of life improvement in patients with the debilitating recurrent infection and disease caused by Clostridium difficile (or C. diff).

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Nationwide study shows integrated health systems yield marginal increases in quality of care with higher costs for medical services, compared with care delivered by independent hospitals and physician practices. Proponents of health system mergers have argued that consolidation brings higher value care.

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In a new study published by JAMA Network Open, Dr. Elisa Bandera, Dr. Nur Zeinomar from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and colleagues found that a higher risk of mortality in Black breast cancer survivors is associated with a history of cigarette smoking along with regular alcohol consumption at the time of diagnosis.

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A new study reveals adults who suffered any head injury during a 30-year study period had two times the rate of mortality than those who did not have any head injury, and mortality rates among those with moderate or severe head injuries were nearly three times higher.

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According to a new large study led by researchers at the American Cancer Society, the risk of suicide for individuals diagnosed with cancer in the United States is 26% higher compared with the general population.

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A new paper published in the Jan. 19, 2023, online edition of JAMA Network Open looks at how social needs intervention research recognizes race and ethnicity, which according to the study authors, are social, not biological concepts.

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Non-Hispanic Black adults more frequently experience delays in receiving an appendicitis diagnosis in hospital emergency departments, putting them at a higher likelihood of perforated appendicitis and subsequent post-surgical infections, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study.

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A new study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis found that the quality of care for lung cancer in the U.S. varies widely. The findings show that high-quality care is associated with improved overall survival rates among patients with lung cancer.

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Vision impairment disproportionately impacts older adults

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For men who undergo radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, the precise targeting capabilities of MRI guidance resulted in fewer toxicities and better quality of life according to new research from UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.

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Electronic nudges delivered to health care clinicians based on a machine learning algorithm that predicts mortality risk quadrupled rates of conversations with patients about their end-of-life care preferences, according to the long-term results of a randomized clinical trial published by Penn Medicine investigators in JAMA Oncology today.