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Released: 6-Mar-2018 8:00 AM EST
Link Found Between Pediatric Osteoporosis and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Johns Hopkins Medicine

By studying mice in late adolescence, Johns Hopkins University researchers have discovered that the rapid bone growth associated with puberty is slowed not only by fewer cartilage cell divisions but also by the “aging” of bone cell precursor cells. After investigating the signaling molecules that promote this transition, the scientists conclude that some weak and brittle bone conditions in both children and adults may be due to the cells’ premature “retirement” caused by glucocorticoid treatments given during puberty to treat chronic inflammation resulting from rheumatoid disorders and other diseases.

Released: 6-Mar-2018 7:00 AM EST
Restoring Lipid Synthesis Could Reduce Lung Fibrosis
Thomas Jefferson University

Increasing the body’s ability to produce lipids in the lungs after damage prevents the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in preliminary studies.

Released: 6-Mar-2018 7:00 AM EST
Glaciers in Mongolia's Gobi Desert actually shrank during the last ice age
University of Washington

High in Mongolia's Gobi Desert, the climate is so dry and cold that glaciers shrank during the last ice age. Dating of rock deposits shows how glaciers in this less-studied region can behave very differently as the climate shifts.

Released: 6-Mar-2018 5:05 AM EST
Bright Nighttime Light Kills Melatonin Production in Preschoolers
University of Colorado Boulder

A new CU Boulder study shows that one hour of bright light at night nearly eliminates melatonin production in young children and keeps it suppressed an hour after light's out. Structural differences may make children's immature eyes more vulnerable to body clock disruption from light.

Released: 6-Mar-2018 4:05 AM EST
Scientists Crack 70-Year-Old Mystery of How Magnetic Waves Heat the Sun
Queen's University Belfast

Scientists at Queen’s University Belfast have led an international team to the ground-breaking discovery that magnetic waves crashing through the Sun may be key to heating its atmosphere and propelling the solar wind.

1-Mar-2018 11:05 AM EST
Helmet Use Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Cervical Spine Injuries During Motorcycle Crashes
Journal of Neurosurgery

Despite claims that helmets do not protect the cervical spine during a motorcycle crash and may even increase the risk of injury, researchers from the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics in Madison found that, during an accident, helmet use lowers the likelihood of cervical spine injury (CSI), particularly fractures of the cervical vertebrae.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 7:05 PM EST
Money Can Make You Happier — If You Spend it Right
California State University (CSU) Chancellor's Office

Research by San Francisco State professor Ryan Howell says it’s what we buy that really matters to our well-being.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 6:05 PM EST
SDSC Simulations Reveal How a Heart Drug Molecular Switch Is Turned On and Off
University of California San Diego

A study published in the March 5 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) describes how the supercomputers at the San Diego Supercomputer Center at UC San Diego were used to simulate the merger of a G-protein “mimetic nanobody” to a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the largest and most diverse group of membrane receptors in animals, plants, fungi, and protozoa.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 5:05 PM EST
​New Research: Additional Measures Needed to Curb Opioid Exposure in Children
University of Chicago Medical Center

The number of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions for opioid overdoses doubled between 2004 and 2015, despite continuing efforts to curb misuse of the addictive painkillers among adults, according to a new study by researchers from the University of Chicago Medicine published in the journal Pediatrics.

1-Mar-2018 9:00 AM EST
One Year Posttransplant, Recipients of Hepatitis C Kidneys Disease-Free
Johns Hopkins Medicine

In a small study, doctors at Johns Hopkins have successfully transplanted 10 hepatitis C-infected kidneys into patients without hepatitis C and prevented the patients from becoming infected by hepatitis C. The success of these transplants could mean more organs being available for the nearly 100,000 people in the U.S. currently waiting for a kidney transplant.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 4:05 PM EST
“Epigenetic Landscape” is Protective in Normal Aging, Impaired in Alzheimer’s Disease
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Researchers profiled the epigenomic landscape of Alzheimer’s brains, specifically in one of the regions affected early in AD, the lateral temporal lobe. They compared these to both younger and elderly cognitively normal control subjects. The team described the genome-wide enrichment of a chemical modification of histone proteins that regulates the compaction of chromosomes in the nucleus. Changes along the genome in disease versus normal aging brains may signify places for future drug development.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 4:05 PM EST
Researchers Identify Genetic ‘Seeds’ of Metastatic Breast Cancer
University of North Carolina Health Care System

University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers have identified genetic clues that explain how breast cancer spreads, or metastasizes – findings that may lead to better treatments or approaches to prevent its spread at the onset.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 3:30 PM EST
Don’t Talk and Drive
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Analysis of research from 1991 to 2015 on talking on the phone while driving can inform lawmakers in crafting driver safety legislation.

   
1-Mar-2018 1:05 PM EST
Reviewers of NIH Grants Cannot Distinguish the Good From the Great, Study Shows
University of Wisconsin–Madison

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) invested more than $27 billion in biomedical research through competitive grants during its 2017 fiscal year. Those grants were awarded based on scores assigned by, and conversation between, expert peer reviewers. This peer review process is a bedrock feature of doling out dollars for scientific projects with careful deliberation. But new findings by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers suggest that reviewers are unable to differentiate the great proposals from the merely good ones.

28-Feb-2018 5:05 PM EST
U CO2 Sensor Network Shows Effects of Metro Growth
University of Utah

In a study published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team led by atmospheric scientists Logan Mitchell and John Lin report that suburban sprawl increases CO2 emissions more than similar population growth in a developed urban core.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 2:45 PM EST
Advanced Spatial Planning Models Could Promise New Era of Sustainable Ocean Development
Florida State University

Researchers have developed a spatial planning strategy that accounts for and quantifies industry, environmental and societal interests in a given area to produce optimized, sustainable ocean usage plans.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 2:45 PM EST
Low Blood Sugar Poses Unaddressed Threat to People with Type 2 Diabetes
Endocrine Society

New research from the Endocrine Society and Avalere Health finds that clinicians lack the resources to identify, assess and manage patients who are at a high risk of developing hypoglycemia, or episodes of dangerously low blood sugar.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 2:30 PM EST
Arms Races and Cooperation Among Amoebae in the Wild
Washington University in St. Louis

Social amoebae evolve to fight with others but also to die for their kin.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 2:05 PM EST
Researchers Uncover Culprit in Parkinson's Brain Cell Die-Off
Scripps Research Institute

‘This study identifies the missing link between Lewy bodies and the type of damage that’s been observed in neurons affected by Parkinson’s."

   
Released: 5-Mar-2018 12:05 PM EST
1-Month Treatment as Effective as 9-Month Treatment for Preventing TB in HIV Patients; May Have Application in Healthy People Too
University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)

A one-month antibiotic regimen to prevent active tuberculosis (TB) disease was at least as safe and effective as the standard nine-month therapy for people living with HIV, according to results of a large international clinical trial. Adults and adolescents in the trial were more likely to complete the short-course regimen consisting of daily doses of the antibiotics rifapentine and isoniazid for four weeks than the standard nine-month regimen of daily isoniazid.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 12:05 PM EST
Coping with Trauma After Parkland and Other Distressing Episodes
American Psychological Association (APA)

Exposure to trauma is increasingly common among school-aged American students, yet many affected children are not receiving the mental health care that could enable them to heal and thrive. Schools are the most common source of mental health care for students, which is why school administrators, counselors and teachers need the tools to enable them to develop an environment that promotes evidence-based interventions to help students overcome trauma and excel.

   
Released: 5-Mar-2018 12:05 PM EST
Researchers Unravel Genetic Mystery Causing Complex Brain Disorders, Including Autism
McMaster University

The researchers used genetically engineered models and computer algorithms to study a human genome, which allowed them to pinpoint the single gene in question.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 12:05 PM EST
Polygenic Risk Score May Identify Alzheimer’s Risk in Younger Populations
UC San Diego Health

For the first time, an international team of scientists, led by researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, have determined that an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) polygenic risk score can be used to correctly identify adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were only in their 50s. MCI is considered a precursor to AD.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 12:00 PM EST
UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Study Spotlights Preschoolers With Severe Obesity
UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland

A new study by UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland researcher Dr. June Tester examined national data on preschool-aged children from 1999 to 2014 to highlight characteristics of children with the highest degree of obesity and found a strong correlation between the amount of “screen time” these children are exposed to and the likelihood of them being severely obese. The study also found that preschoolers with severe obesity are also more likely to be of an ethnic or racial minority and more likely to be living in poverty.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 11:05 AM EST
Babies Who Look Like Their Father at Birth Are Healthier One Year Later
Binghamton University, State University of New York

Infants who resemble their father at birth are more likely to spend time together with their father, in turn, be healthier when they reach their first birthday, according to new research co-conducted by faculty at Binghamton University, State University of New York.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 11:05 AM EST
Benefit of ECT for Major Depression Predicted by Inflammation Biomarkers
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences

Higher levels of biomarkers for inflammation correlate with better outcomes following ECT; findings could help prioritize candidates for the treatment

Released: 5-Mar-2018 11:00 AM EST
Chemical Sleuthing Unravels Possible Path to the Formation of Life’s Building Blocks in Space
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Scientists have used experiments at Berkeley Lab to retrace the chemical steps leading to the creation of complex hydrocarbons in space. They showed pathways to forming 2-D carbon-based nanostructures in a mix of heated gases.

1-Mar-2018 2:30 PM EST
How a Yeast Cell Helps Crack Open the “Black Box” Behind Artificial Intelligence
UC San Diego Health

UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers developed a visible neural network and used it to build DCell, a virtual model of a functioning brewer’s yeast cell. To do this, they amassed all knowledge of cell biology in one place and created a hierarchy of these cellular components. Then they mapped standard machine learning algorithms to this knowledgebase. DCell can be viewed at d-cell.ucsd.edu. The technical details are published March 5 in Nature Methods.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 10:05 AM EST
Many Women Misjudge How They'll Feel After Mastectomy
Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital

Women who have one or both breasts removed to treat cancer may have unrealistic expectations about how they’ll feel after that surgery and after breast reconstruction, if they choose that option, a U.S. study suggests. Newsmax Article

Released: 5-Mar-2018 9:00 AM EST
Number of Paid Sick Days Directly Impacts How Americans Use Preventive Care Like Flu Shots
Florida Atlantic University

In the first study to measure the link between an employee’s number of paid sick leave days and the use of vital preventive health care services like getting a flu shot, researchers found a 26 to 85 percent increase in preventive health care use among those with at least 10 or more paid sick leave days. For the female-focused preventive services, they showed a 55 percent increase in the use of preventive mammography.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 9:00 AM EST
‘Filter’ Hones Gwas Results to Help Researchers Avoid Dead Ends
Johns Hopkins Medicine

A genetics research team at Johns Hopkins Medicine has solved a dilemma facing researchers who use genomewide association studies (GWAS) by developing a new approach that strategically “filters” which genes are worth further study. The researchers hope this strategy will accelerate the study of diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia and even addiction by helping researchers avoid “dead-end paths.” They are optimistic that this strategy will gain widespread use and will save researchers time and money.

Released: 5-Mar-2018 8:00 AM EST
Minimally Invasive Surgeries Underused in Older Patients, New Study Finds
Johns Hopkins Medicine

A study of more than 200,000 Medicare patients who had common surgical procedures shows that, compared to the general population, they underwent far fewer minimally invasive operations, whose benefits include lower rates of complications and readmissions, along with shorter hospital stays.

Released: 4-Mar-2018 9:05 PM EST
Comparison Shows Value of DNA Barcoding in Selecting Nanoparticles
Georgia Institute of Technology

The first direct comparison of in vitro and in vivo screening techniques for identifying nanoparticles that may be used to transport therapeutic molecules into cells shows that testing in lab dishes isn’t much help in predicting which nanoparticles will successfully enter the cells of living animals.

   
Released: 2-Mar-2018 10:05 PM EST
U.S. Healthcare System Needs Coordinated Response to Potential Pediatric Pandemics
Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Researchers determine that the U.S. Healthcare System is not prepared for a surge in pediatric patients after an infectious disease pandemic. The study was published in the American Journal of Disaster Medicine.

Released: 2-Mar-2018 5:05 PM EST
Birth Control Pills Increase Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Loyola Medicine

Study on birth control pills and risk of ischemic strokes

Released: 2-Mar-2018 3:55 PM EST
New Technique May Help Prevent Repeat Jones Fractures
Houston Methodist

A metal plate might be the cure for a common foot injury seen in athletes and people on their feet all day, according to new research conducted at Houston Methodist.

2-Mar-2018 10:05 AM EST
Dual Frequency Comb Generated on a Single Chip Using a Single Laser
Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science

Columbia Engineers are the first to miniaturize dual-frequency combs by putting two frequency comb generators on a single millimeter-sized silicon-based chip. This could lead to low-cost, portable sensing and spectroscopy in the field in real-time. “This is the first time a dual comb has been generated on a single chip using a single laser,” says Electrical Engineering Prof. Michal Lipson who led the team with Applied Physics Prof. Alexander Gaeta. (Science Advances)

Released: 2-Mar-2018 1:30 PM EST
Spring Training Alert: Core, Hip/Groin Injuries Prominent among Pitchers
Henry Ford Health

With baseball’s spring training in full bloom, a study by Henry Ford Hospital highlights a set of injuries prominent among pitchers.

Released: 2-Mar-2018 11:00 AM EST
Enrichment Program Boosts STEM for Black Students but Leaves Latinos Behind
Cornell University

In a new study that capitalizes on data from the National Center for Educational Statistics and methods that address causality, Cornell sociologists looked at an earlier portion of the pipeline – in high school, when students’ commitment to STEM fields tends to solidify.

Released: 2-Mar-2018 10:05 AM EST
JHU Scientists Discover How Extremophiles Flourish in Stressful Environments
 Johns Hopkins University

RNA makes salt-loving microbes known as “extremophiles” highly resistant to the phenomenon oxidative stress – the uncontrollable production of unstable forms of oxygen called “free radicals,” which can negatively affect DNA, proteins, and lipids in cells.

27-Feb-2018 5:05 PM EST
Text-Messaging Can Help Liver-Transplant Candidates Maintain Sobriety
Research Society on Alcoholism

Each year in the U.S., more than 40,000 patients need a liver transplant because of complications associated with cirrhosis and liver failure. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) alone accounts for nearly 30 percent of all liver transplants, yet up to 50 percent of patients with alcoholism return to drinking within five years of undergoing a liver transplant. Many transplant centers now require a minimum of six months of alcohol abstinence prior to placing candidates on the United Organ Network Sharing waiting list. This pilot study examined the use of text messaging as an alcohol relapse-prevention intervention for patients with ALD scheduled to undergo a liver transplant.

   
Released: 2-Mar-2018 9:35 AM EST
Student-Led Depression Awareness Program Improves High Schoolers’ Understanding & Help-Seeking
Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan

High school students can make a major impact on their schoolmates’ understanding of depression, and their attitudes about seeking help for themselves or others, according to a new study using data from 10 high schools that implemented peer-led awareness campaigns.

Released: 2-Mar-2018 9:05 AM EST
Simplifying Samples
Washington University in St. Louis

Using nanotechnology, a team of researchers at Washington University in St. Louis has eliminated the need for refrigeration for biomarkers used in medical diagnostic testing. The researchers recently gave their new tech a real-world test by sending it through the mail.

Released: 2-Mar-2018 8:05 AM EST
Here's How Viruses Inactivate the Immune System, Causing Cancer
University of Colorado Cancer Center

"The same mechanisms that viruses use to cause cancer may be key in combating tumors with immune-based therapies or in keeping cancer from developing in the first place," says Sharon Kuss-Duerkop, PhD.

Released: 2-Mar-2018 8:00 AM EST
Deeper Look at Biopsy Exposes Mutation Ready to Ambush Drug Combination
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

A powerful resistance mutation that appeared to emerge in melanoma after a patient received a targeted therapy combination, instead was lurking in the tumor all along, primed to thwart treatment before it began, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center report online at Cancer Discovery.

27-Feb-2018 9:00 AM EST
Special JACR Issue Focuses on Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging
American College of Radiology (ACR)

A new special issue of the Journal of the American College of Radiology (JACR) addresses clinical, regulatory, technological, societal and ethical challenges faced as medical imaging artificial intelligence (AI) use advances.

1-Mar-2018 1:05 PM EST
“Supercolony” of Adélie Penguins Discovered in Antarctica
Stony Brook University

For the past 40 years, the total number of Adélie Penguins, one of the most common on the Antarctic peninsula, has been steadily declining—or so biologists have thought. A new study however, is providing new insights on this species of penguin.

28-Feb-2018 4:40 PM EST
Two Species of Ravens Nevermore? New Research Finds Evidence of 'Speciation Reversal'
University of Washington

A new study almost 20 years in the making provides some of the strongest evidence yet of the "speciation reversal" phenomenon in two lineages of Common Ravens.

27-Feb-2018 4:00 PM EST
Sedative May Prevent Delirium in the ICU
American Thoracic Society (ATS)

A low dose of the sedative dexmedetomidine given at night may prevent delirium in critically ill patients, according to new research published online in the American Thoracic Society’s American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.



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