Feature Channels: Gender Issues

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Researchers at the University of California, Riverside and Indiana University have shown that women faculty members are doing more service work—primarily internal service—than their male colleagues, which may hinder their overall success in academia. Internal service work, while vital for the day-to-day operations of a campus, typically counts less in promotions and salary increases than research, teaching, or external service activities.

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New Iowa State research offers compelling evidence that media violence affects aggressive behavior. This first-of-its-kind study, conducted in seven different countries, confirms six decades of research showing the effect is the same, regardless of culture.

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Nearly one-fourth of transgender individuals in Toronto, Canada, regard their own fertility as important, but most lack knowledge regarding and access to reproductive options, a new survey finds. Results of the survey will be presented Sunday at the Endocrine Society’s 99th annual meeting in Orlando, Fla.

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Two Florida State University researchers are determined to chip away at a stubborn problem that has vexed concerned social scientists for decades: why is there such a vast and enduring gender disparity in STEM fields?

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For the ninth consecutive year, Rush University Medical Center has been designated a "Leader in LGBTQ Healthcare Equality" in the Healthcare Equality Index, an annual survey of how health care facilities in the United States treat lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning patients and their families, as well as their own LGBTQ employees. The report on the 2017 survey was released today.

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Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have successfully grown stem cells from children with a devastating neurological disease to help explain how different genetic backgrounds can cause common symptoms. They identified individual and shared defects in the cells that could inform treatment efforts.

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UC San Diego Health has again been named a “Leader in LGBTQ Healthcare Equality” by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) Foundation, the educational arm of the nation’s largest lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer civil rights organization.

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Few transgender adolescents opted to pursue fertility preservation, according to a report from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, published in the Journal of Adolescent Health. While all patients were counseled about available options for fertility preservation prior to initiating hormones for medical transition, only 12 percent chose to see a fertility specialist and less than 5 percent completed fertility preservation procedures.

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A survey of more than 422,000 college freshmen found that students who identified as transgender were more likely than their cisgender peers to experience negative consequences from drinking, including memory blackouts, academic problems and conflicts such as arguments or physical fights.

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With the first anniversary of the passage of North Carolina House Bill 2 (HB2) approaching this week, several Wake Forest experts are available to comment on the original legislation, appeal proposals, court challenges and the impact on the state.

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A new study of older U.S. adults from the Monell Center and collaborating institutions reports that a woman’s social life is associated with how well her sense of smell functions. The study found that older women who do less well on a smell identification task also tend to have fewer social connections.

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Although college can be demanding for young adults, it may be particularly so for transgender students struggling with identity-formation and other emotional, social, and developmental challenges. Prior research suggests that transgender students may experience greater drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences than their cisgender peers (i.e., those whose gender matches their sex at birth). This study examined levels of drinking, frequency of blackouts and other alcohol-related consequences, and drinking motivations among transgender college students.

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In their recently published paper, “When Harry Fired Sally: The Double Standard in Punishing Misconduct,” University of Chicago Booth School of Business’ Gregor Matvos, Stanford’s Amit Seru and University of Minnesota’s Mark Egan explore how women working in the financial advisory industry are punished more severely than their male coworkers for similar misconduct.

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New study measuring attitudes on transgender rights issues finds significant support for protection of general civil rights for transgender people, but public opinion is more divided on policies that relate to the body and gender roles, such as people being able to choose which public restroom to use based on one's gender identity or the ability to change one's sex on a state-issued driver's license.

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Implicit gender bias has long been suspected in many medical training programs, but until recently has been difficult to study objectively. Now, for the first time, a nationally standardized milestone evaluation system for emergency medicine residents is shining a light on these potential biases. In study published today in JAMA Internal Medicine, researchers found that although male and female emergency medicine specialists start off residency on an equal playing field, by the end of the three-year training program male residents, on average, received higher evaluations on all 23 emergency medicine training categories – including medical knowledge, patient safety, team management, and communication.

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By the end of the third and final year of residency, evaluations of female physicians placed them three to four months behind male colleagues in the same training program. Male residents, on average, received higher evaluations on all 23 training categories. The gap emerged early in the second year of training and steadily widened until graduation.

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A female brain’s resident immune cells are more active in regions involved in pain processing relative to males, according to a recent study by Georgia State University researchers.

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Power imbalances in heterosexual relationships are common, but having less power takes a greater toll on young women than young men, according to a recently published University at Buffalo study.

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A vast amount of evidence shows that bathrooms are often the site of abuse and trauma against transgender people, not the other way around, says an expert on transgender aging at Washington University in St. Louis.With Missouri considering legislation to become the latest state to pass a “bathroom bill” and President Trump rescinding rules on bathrooms for transgender students, the health of transgender people is at stake, said Vanessa Fabbre, assistant professor at the Brown School, whose research explores the conditions under which LGBTQ people age well.

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A new study led by a University of Kansas researcher found 35%-40% of adults would oppose a transgender candidate for office, which was higher than the 30% who would likely oppose a gay or lesbian candidate.

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The implementation of state laws legalizing same-sex marriage was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of suicide attempts among high school students – and an even greater reduction among gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents, new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research suggests.

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ASPA: Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education has named Annemarie Vaccaro recipient of the 2017 George D. Kuh Outstanding Contribution to Literature and/or Research Award. Vaccaro, associate professor of Human Development and Family Studies in the College of Health Sciences/Academic Health Collaborative, is also director of the University’s College Student Personnel Program.

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The difference between men and women with respect to their age preferences, when it comes to sexual partners, is smaller than earlier believed. A recent study shows that also men become interested in older and older women as they themselves age.

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Naveen Uli, MD, associate professor of pediatrics and Michiko Watanabe, PhD, professor of pediatrics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine served as editors for the special issue of Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today.

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EVENT: Female industry leaders and academics will take part in a panel discussion at the University of California, Irvine on women in gam

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Postnatal screening and treatment may prevent females from being raised as males.

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Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital will become the first hospital in New Jersey to offer specialized primary care services for the LGBTQIA community when the hospital opens PROUD Family Health. Services will include primary medical care for children and adults, hormone therapy and monitoring, HIV care, health education, counseling, support groups and referrals for specialty services such as behavioral health services.

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By the age of 6, girls become less likely than boys to associate brilliance with their own gender and are more likely to avoid activities said to require brilliance, shows a new study conducted by researchers at New York University, the University of Illinois, and Princeton University.

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UIC School of Theatre presents Glengarry Glen Ross with female cast.

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Universities across the U.S. have developed programs to attract women and under-represented minorities to the STEM disciplines. So why aren’t such efforts translating into more of these students majoring in science, technology, engineering and math and continuing on to a career in research or academia?

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Northwestern Medicine will host a symposium Jan. 25 to celebrate the one-year anniversary of the implementation of the National Institutes of Health’s landmark sex-inclusion policy. The NIH is revolutionizing the future of medicine by mandating that research funding is contingent upon the inclusion of female cells or animals in scientists’ studies.

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How we feel after 1-night stands has a lot to do with our gender -- and evolution.

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Four out of five physicians who specialize in treating hormone health conditions have never received formal training on care for transgender individuals, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

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Johns Hopkins researchers who conducted a dozen focus groups with 70 straight and gay/bisexual Hispanic and African-American males ages 15 to 24 report that gaining a better understanding of the context in which young men grow up will allow health care providers to improve this population’s use of sexual and reproductive health care.

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Sexual preference is influenced by males’ adolescent social stress history and social status, according to a research team including Nicole Cameron, assistant professor of psychology at Binghamton University, State University of New York.

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A new grant will help researchers with the Center of Gender Equity and Health to continue efforts to raise awareness about violence against women worldwide. The award will support measurements of issues that will help change.

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Latest Research Highlights from ACSM

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Slight gender variations in attention scores have been well documented, but a new study from Harvard Medical School suggests that these minor gaps widen significantly in places with lower gender equality. The findings, published Nov. 1 in PLOS One, reveal that gender variations in performance of tasks that require participants to exercise sustained attention control are closely tied to gender equality by country.

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Mothers who leave work to raise children often sacrifice more than the pay for their time off; when they come back their wages reflect lost raises.

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Only a minority of medical studies take sex and gender into account when analyzing and reporting research results. Dr. Cara Tannenbaum (Canadian Institutes of Health Research) and Dr. Janine Austin Clayton, (National Institutes of Health, USA), have written a Viewpoint article published in JAMA highlighting the problem.

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It has long been known to science that women find it easier than men to multitask and switch between tasks. But identifying exactly which areas of male and female brains respond differently and why has so far been unclear.

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A study using Barbies and Transformers finds that men are better at recognizing Transformer faces while women are better at recognizing Barbie faces, supporting the theory that experience plays an important role in facial recognition.

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Research from the University of Washington found that children aged 7 to 12 rate gender as more important than race — and that their perceptions of both are a complex mix of personal and societal influences.