DHS Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) is bringing key industry and government partners together to ensure Smart City and IoT technologies are integrated and applied to meet critical infrastructure needs and the first responders.
Despite the looming ecological consequences, glacier motion remains poorly understood. The roughness of bedrock, the temperature of the ice-bed interface and the presence of water-filled cavities all affect friction and influence how the ice will flow, but studying these factors poses unique challenges -- remote radar sensing by satellites and aircraft can track glacial movement, but it can’t peer through thousands of feet of ice to measure detailed properties of the ice and rock. In The Journal of Chemical Physics, Bo Persson describes a new model of ice friction that offers crucial insight into glacier flows.
Magnetic field sensors can enhance applications that require efficient electric energy management. Improving magnetic field sensors below the picoTesla range could enable a technique to measure brain activity at room temperature with millisecond resolution without superconducting quantum interference device technology, which requires cryogenic temperatures to work. Researchers explored enhancing the magnetoresistance ratio in a CPP-GMR device by using a half-metallic Heusler CoFeAl0.5Si0.5 alloy. They report their findings in the Journal of Applied Physics.
In microelectronic devices, the bandgap is a major factor determining the electrical conductivity of the underlying materials, and a more recent class of semiconductors with ultrawide bandgaps are capable of operating at much higher temperatures and powers than conventional small-bandgap silicon-based chips. In the Journal of Applied Physics, researchers provide a detailed perspective on the properties, capabilities, current limitations and future developments for one of the most promising UWB compounds, gallium oxide.
Scientists devise new approach that gathers data on the interplay between permafrost, soil, and vegetation.
When two events occur within a brief window of time they become linked in memory, such that calling forth memory of one helps retrieve memory for the other event, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. This happens even when temporal proximity is the only feature that the two events share.
Scientists have found DNA evidence for the southward migration of the people who spread the so-called Clovis culture of North America. But starting about 9,000 years ago, these people were replaced by a distinct population.
Interactions with water dominate how drug molecules bind to targets, but it’s tricky to model these interactions, limiting the accuracy of drug design. In a recent paper in The Journal of Chemical Physics, William A. Goddard III and Saber Naserifar from the California Institute of Technology describe their novel approach to building a new description of water (known as a force field) and demonstrate its accuracy.
American University President Sylvia M. Burwell announced today the selection of Daniel J. Myers as provost and chief academic officer effective January 15, 2019.
WASHINGTON -- Trying to find something good in a bad situation appears to be particularly effective in reducing anxiety the less money a person makes, possibly because people with low incomes have less control over their environment, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.
Distortion of water droplet surface may increase the likelihood of the droplet freezing.
NIBIB-funded researchers are literally breaking barriers using ultrasound waves emitted from a flexible patch to accurately measure central blood pressure and help detect cardiovascular problems earlier. For a while now, smart, wearable devices have had the ability to capture how many steps we take in a day or measure our heart rate, but researchers are starting to take it a step further.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) launched the Escape Respirator Challenge, a $250,000 prize competition that seeks new concepts for an escape respirator solution.
• Dialysis reimbursement policies in most countries are focused on conventional in-center hemodialysis, although home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis might contribute to quality of life and cost savings. • The reimbursement for dialysis in low- and middle-income countries is insufficient to treat all patients with kidney failure and has a disproportionately high impact on public health expenditure in those countries.
A new modeling framework helps understand the consequences of future sea-ice loss in the Arctic.
The Biophysical Society (BPS) announced that Jennifer Pesanelli has been selected as the next Executive Officer of the Society. Current Executive Officer Ro Kampman announced her retirement in June. Pesanelli joins BPS from the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), where she has held a number of positions over the last 20 years.
A team from the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences found emerging treatments, such as neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, were the most promising against prurigo nodularis.
Researchers at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, have created a noninvasive technology that detects when nerve cells fire based on changes in shape. The method could be used to observe nerve activity in light-accessible parts of the body, such as the eye, which would allow physicians to quantitatively monitor visual function at the cellular level.
A new phenomena forms vortices that trap particles, impeding electron avalanches that harm fusion reactors.
VitalTag, a suite of sensors, allows data to be shared among EMTs and paramedics at a disaster site. The VitalTag suite connects to a victim’s chest, with other sensors attached to the ear and index finger. It collects then broadcasts the victim’s vital signs to the team’s mobile devices, allowing them to prioritize their attention for those in need of the most urgent care.
“A Preface to Strategy: The Foundations of American National Security,” a new paper from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory’s Senior Fellows, examines the nation’s core strengths and how they should shape new strategies.
Researchers discover how certain bacteria may safeguard plant growth during a drought, making way for strategies to improve crop productivity.
New Degree at American U. Aims to Prepare Next Generation of Foreign Policy Experts
New research suggests that exercise is a key factor in reducing colorectal cancer risk after weight loss. According to the study, physical activity causes beneficial changes in the bone marrow. The study is published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Like people in a large company, proteins in cells constantly interact with each other to perform various jobs. To develop new disease therapies, researchers are trying to control these interactions with small-molecule drugs that cause specific proteins to associate more or less with their “coworkers.” Now, researchers reporting in ACS’ journal Analytical Chemistry have developed a method to visualize whether drugs are regulating protein–protein interactions inside cells.
Aging often improves the flavor of wine, but sometimes the beverage emerges from storage with an unpleasant smell. One of the prime culprits is hydrogen sulfide, which can give the affected wine an aroma of sewage or rotten eggs. In a report in ACS’ Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, researchers have now identified some potential sources of this stinky compound.
Celldance, a program of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), helps researchers tell the story of their research through video. Two new Celldance videos premiere Tuesday, Dec. 11 at the Society’s annual meeting, held jointing with the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO), in San Diego, CA. For 2018, the two teams selected to produce Celldance videos come from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Ryerson University in Toronto, ON.
The AACN is pleased to join with The DAISY Foundation™ to issue a National Call for Nurse Faculty Recognition to honor academic leaders responsible for preparing the nation's nursing workforce. AACN encourages all stakeholders within nursing education, research, and practice to make honoring faculty a priority and highlight the critical work they do to elevate health and health care across the U.S. and around the world.
Members of the media can now register to cover the latest advances in hormone health and science at ENDO 2019. The Endocrine Society’s annual meeting will be held March 23-26, 2019 in New Orleans, La.
The mechanism responsible for creating intense magnetic fields in laser-driven plasmas also helps tear the fields apart.
American Internet pioneer and security expert Vint Cerf will be a keynote speaker for the 2019 S&T Cybersecurity and Innovation Showcase on January 10, 2019 at the Washington Marriott Wardman Park in Washington, D.C.
A team from the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences found many dermatologists are interested in learning more about and recommending therapeutic cannabinoids to their patients.
Bethesda, MD, December 4, 2018 – Human organoids are being hailed as a major development in biomedicine in a report issued by the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) to be released Monday, Dec. 10 at a session at the 2018 ASCB|EMBO Meeting in San Diego, CA.
The Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) released a series of foundational papers covering the core subjects, key principles and a glossary of risk-related terminology to support research and practices for all types of applications.
The American Cleaning Institute (ACI) welcomed a proposal by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to create a separate regulatory category for antiseptic products used in food handler settings.
On Thursday, December 6, House and Senate lawmakers released bipartisan draft legislation, known as the Verifying Accurate, Leading-edge In Vitro Clinical Test Development (VALID) Act, which outlines a framework for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate laboratory developed tests. AACC will oppose this bill if, as in previous iterations, it promotes additional, duplicative, costly federal regulations for clinical laboratories that will result in decreased patient access to essential medical tests.
NIBIB-funded researchers have created a novel, low-cost biosensor to detect HER-2, a breast cancer biomarker in the blood, allowing for a far less invasive diagnostic test than the current practice, a needle biopsy. Scientists at the Universities of Hartford and Connecticut and funded in part by NIBIB, combined microfluidic technology with diagnostics, including electrochemical sensors and biomarkers, into a powerful package that can give results in about 15 minutes.
Unexpected molecular interactions involving water clusters have a subtle, yet profound, effect on extractants picking their targets.
Today, Risk Analysis, an International Journal, published a special issue, “Communicating About Zika,” which features several articles that were originally presented as works-in-progress at the Zika Communication Summit convened in March 2017 by the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. This special issue provides theoretical and practical insights for public health officials, risk communication researchers and risk communication practitioners, and may serve as a template for guiding and studying the dissemination of rapidly evolving health information for future and re-emerging diseases.
A special issue of the interdisciplinary AVS journal Biointerphases, from AIP Publishing, appears this week online and focuses on the research results and reflections of a group of women at the forefront of biomaterials and biological interface research whose studies aim to improve human health through discovering basic, quantitative knowledge of the molecular world.
The low unemployment rate in the U.S. — which fell to a 49 year-low in September and October — is good news to many people, but perhaps not to residents of nursing homes. A Georgetown University Medical Center study found that quality of care in nursing homes improves during periods of recession and worsens when the economy is good.
To understand how damage from high-energy X-rays affects imaging studies, scientists supported by the Department of Energy shot the most powerful X-ray laser in the world at a series of atoms and molecules. Surprisingly, the atoms within the molecules acted far differently than the isolated ones.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, collaborating with scientists from Johns Hopkins University and many other universities and research organizations
Hysterectomy can impair some types of memory in the short term following the surgery, according to a rat study published in the Endocrine Society’s journal Endocrinology.
DHS Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has awarded a total of $1,149,900 across two organizations to develop new research and development (R&D) capabilities to enhance the management of privacy threats and vulnerabilities.
TB meningitis causes life-threatening inflammation of the brain, which is difficult to treat due to the inability of drugs to penetrate the blood brain barrier. Researchers used PET imaging to measure antibiotic concentrations in infected brains with the goal of optimizing TB meningitis treatment.
The Smithsonian Latino Center’s first gallery space, the Molina Family Latino Gallery, will be dedicated to celebrating the U.S. Latino experience and open at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History in 2021. The gallery, designed by Museum Environments/Branded Environments LLC, will feature 4,500 square feet of bilingual stories for all audiences.
Exposure to emerging contaminants, even at extremely low doses, can cause adverse health effects for humans, including endocrine disruption which can lead to developmental malformations, interference with reproduction, increased cancer risk and disturbances in the immune and nervous system functions. These emerging contaminants include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, hormones, perfluorinated alkyls and volatile organics, and they may pose a threat to both the environment and human health.
Several presentations at the 2018 Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) Annual Meeting will explore novel approaches to monitoring real-time drug use in town and cities nationwide.
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