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Systemic pre-exposure administration of antiretroviral drugs provides protection against intravenous and rectal transmission of HIV in mice with human immune systems, according to a new study published January 21, 2010 in the online journal PLoS ONE. “These results provide evidence that a universal approach to prevent all forms of HIV transmission in all settings might be possible,” said J. Victor Garcia-Martinez, Ph.D., professor in the department of medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine and senior author of the study.

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To the casual observer in the Gulf of Mexico, the seemingly sluggish red grouper is more of a couch potato than a busy beaver. But a new study led by researchers at The Florida State University reveals the fish to be both architect and ecosystem engineer.

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A University of Michigan Medical School and Veterans Affairs Health study suggests that more lives would be saved if doctors prescribed cholesterol-lowering statin drugs according to a patient's heart attack risk, rather than trying to reach a certain cholesterol target. Current guidelines often lead to treating the wrong people, authors conclude.

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Creighton Surgical team leaves Jan. 16 to treat victims of Haiti earthquake.

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Dr. Michel Kahaleh is the only physician in Virginia currently using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE). pCLE is a technique that lets him view live tissue in real time at the cellular level. This allows the identification of cancer with pinpoint precision and permits precise removal of the diseased tissue.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) adversely affects glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to a study conducted by researchers at the University of Chicago.

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A homeowner’s station in life and personal spending beliefs and habits are important indicators of the borrower’s potential for home-mortgage default, say researchers in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Business.

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A genetic mutation can significantly increases a woman’s risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. But experts from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center warn that genetic testing is not appropriate for all women.

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Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have found that a “longevity gene” helps to slow age-related decline in brain function in older adults. Drugs that mimic the gene’s effect are now under development, the researchers note, and could help protect against Alzheimer’s disease.

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Is there anybody out there? In Alejandro Jenkins’ case, the question refers not to whether life exists elsewhere in the universe, but whether it exists in other universes outside of our own.

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Expert at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center provide insight to parents based on what we've learned about about the HPV vaccine in the past four years.

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Older women with hypertension are at increased risk for developing brain lesions that cause dementia later in life, according to data from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS).

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Florida State University College of Music Dean Don Gibson has been elected president of the National Association of Schools of Music, the nation’s oldest and largest accrediting agency for the arts.

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New schedule includes formal recommendations that children older than 6 months get the H1N1 influenza vaccine to guard against swine flu, and that combination vaccines are generally preferred over separate injections, says UAB's David Kimberlin, a member of the AAP's infectious disease committee.

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More than 12 billion years of cosmic history are shown in this unprecedented, panoramic, full-color view of thousands of galaxies in various stages of assembly. This image, taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, was made from mosaics taken in September and October 2009 with the newly installed Wide Field Camera 3 and in 2004 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys.

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Listening in on bacterial conversations could be the solution for improving chronic wound care, says a team of researchers at Binghamton University, State University of New York. Their findings have been published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology.

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Young hunters between the ages of 15 and 34 are the most likely to suffer serious injuries in tree stand-related incidents, say researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Center for Injury Sciences (CIS). The same researchers’ findings, though, suggest that such injuries are preventable.

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In an annual supplement to the journal Diabetes Care, published Dec. 29 by the American Diabetes Association, the A1C test is given a prominent role in the 2010 guidelines for diabetes screening, diagnosis and prevention.

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Delores Evans of Durham, N.C., received a kidney from her own adult son at UNC Hospitals after he died in November 2008. On New Year's Day Delores will honor her son, and help promote organ sharing, as a participant in the Rose Parade in Pasadena, Calif., riding on the Donate Life float sponsored by OneLegacy, the Los Angeles-area organ and tissue donor services organization.

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From Scotland’s Midland Valley to Wyoming’s Beartooth Butte to Grahamstown, South Africa, Michael Coates scours sediments hundreds of millions of years old for the deepest branches of vertebrate evolution in the tree of life’s shadowy recesses.

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Brazilian researchers have performed the first-ever autopsy study to examine the precise causes of death in victims of the H1N1 swine flu.

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Investigators have identified 295 human cell factors that influenza A strains must harness to infect a cell, including the currently circulating swine-origin H1N1.

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A new study shows that one in 110 American 8-year-olds is classified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a 57 percent increase compared to four years earlier. With a prevalence rate approaching 1 percent for that age group, social and educational services designed for spectrum-disorder children are going to need to keep pace, says a public-health researcher at UAB.

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Researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) have discovered that restricting consumption of glucose, the most common dietary sugar, can extend the life of healthy human-lung cells and speed the death of precancerous human-lung cells, reducing cancer’s spread and growth rate.

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The world’s rarest—and most camera shy—great ape has finally been captured on professional video on a forested mountain in Cameroon, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society and Germany’s NDR Naturfilm.

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Researchers at NIST and George Washington University have shown that the teeth of some apes are formed primarily to handle the most stressful times when food is scarce. Their findings imply that if humanity is serious about protecting its close evolutionary cousins, the food apes eat during these tough periods must be included in conservation efforts.

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This Hubble picture postcard of hundreds of brilliant blue stars wreathed by warm, glowing clouds is the most detailed view of the largest stellar nursery in our local galactic neighborhood. The massive, young stellar grouping, called R136, is only a few million years old and resides 170,000 light-years away in the 30 Doradus Nebula, a turbulent star-birth region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. The Hubble Wide Field Camera 3 observations were taken Oct. 20-27, 2009.

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Postmenopausal women who take antidepressants face a small but statistically significant increased risk for stroke and death compared with those who do not take the drugs.

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University of Michigan Regents will be asked to approve naming the women’s hospital -- located within the C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital and Women’s Hospital complex -- after Ted and Jane Von Voigtlander.

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In 1999, researchers analyzed 12 years of Los Angeles County death certificates and found that heart attack deaths rise in the balmy Los Angeles winter and peak on Christmas and New Year’s Day. Cardiologist Robert Kloner discusses his research.

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A new report shows that the University of Maryland is moving up in the rankings - as more and more students choose to study abroad. Newsdesk offers a video interview with Study Abroad Director Michael Ulrich.

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The pistol gunsight has remained unchanged for more than a century, which is bad news for the eye and brain since there is a lot to process visually during aiming, says a University of Alabama at Birmingham vision scientist. He has designed a new gunsight that relies on subconscious ability and promises to reduce the time law enforcement, professional and amateur shooters need for target practice to improve marksmanship.

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A biblical expert at the University of Chicago, Margaret M. Mitchell, together with other experts has concluded that one of the University Library’s most enigmatic possessions, an alleged early version of the Book of Mark, is a forgery. The book will remain in the library for other scholars to use in studying the authenticity of ancient books.

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Navigating your way through countless holiday parties can wreak havoc on the person watching his/her waistline. UNC's Dr. Cynthia Bulik offers some key ways to beat the holiday bulge.

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Being irritable, grumpy and seeking social isolation are also hallmarks of depression, and could explain the Grinch’s disdain for the Who – the tall and the small – his mistreatment of his dog Max and, ultimately, why he tried to stop Christmas from coming.

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A team of experts from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine say that Santa is tanned, rested and ready for the big ride he has coming up.

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NASA's Hubble Telescope has made the deepest image of the universe ever taken in near-infrared light. The faintest and reddest objects in the image are galaxies that formed 600 million years after the Big Bang. No galaxies have been seen before at such early times. The image was taken in late August 2009 with Hubble's new Wide Field Camera 3.

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New research shows how using cadaver bone and cartilage grafts to 'sculpt' a new shoulder joint in patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations is more effective in re-stabilizing the shoulder than traditional surgery.

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Matthew Levy, Ph.D., assistant professor of biochemistry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, has been awarded more than $700,000 by Stand Up To Cancer (SU2C) for his high-risk/high-reward cancer research.

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“I don’t see any chance that we can have enforceable national limits on greenhouse gas emissions,” says University of Maryland Nobel laureate, Thomas Schelling in a paper released as delegates meet in Copenhagen at a UN climate conference. “I know of no peacetime historical precedent for the kind of international cooperation that is going to be required.”

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When the UVA Health System’s new Club Red Clinic was on the drawing board, its organizers envisioned creating an innovative, cost-effective model for healthcare delivery. They decided to meld two timely healthcare concepts – prevention and shared medical appointments (SMAs) – into a unique clinical offering that has garnered overwhelmingly positive feedback from patients.

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Caring for a child with special health care needs usually means higher medical expenses for a family, particularly for low-income families, who spend a disproportionally large share of their income on their child's care. Yet, for individual families, the impact of out-of-pocket expenses is often a function of their state of residence, says Paul T. Shattuck, Ph. D., professor of social work at Washington University in St. Louis.

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Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have discovered a possible strategy against an invasive parasite that infects more than a quarter of the world’s population, including 50 million Americans.

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A novel approach to detecting and targeting flaws in first line of defense against cancer has earned an Era of Hope Scholar Award from the U.S. Department of Defense for a scientist at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

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Last year, the publication of “Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works” reincarnated the provocative, long-lost 17th-century bard as “our other Shakespeare.” Now, the tour de force critics call “monumental” has earned its lead general editor, Florida State University Professor of English Gary Taylor, one of the world’s most prestigious honors for a scholarly book.

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Researchers from NIST and the Naval Research Laboratory have developed a new way to introduce magnetic impurities in a semiconductor crystal, a technique that will enable researchers to selectively implant atoms in a crystal one at a time to learn about its electrical and magnetic properties on the atomic scale.

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The levee failures during Hurricane Katrina are still fresh in the American mind. Homeland Security's Wil Laska wants to make sure that if we cannot completely prevent levee breaches, we have a fast remedy for when they DO occur.

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Researchers say plunging numbers of migratory species in the North Atlantic are changing the way humans perceive the well-being of Earth’s ecosystems.

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In honor of World AIDS Day, The AIDS Institute (TAI), one of the nation's leading advocacy organizations for support of people with HIV/AIDS and their providers, joined Nobel Laureate Dr. Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, in calling for government leaders, patient advocates and the research community to expand therapeutic HIV vaccine research.

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The key issue is not whether the official recession is over, argues economics professor Steve Fazzari, but whether the economy can generate the growth necessary to put many of the unemployed back to work again.