Bacteriophages are common in soil ecosystems, but many of these phages and the bacteria they target have not been identified.
At the Colorado School of Mines, Distinguished Professor in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Amy J. Clarke studies metals manufacturing. She observes how microscopic structures form and how processing conditions can be modified to affect solidification and defect development.
By studying how CRISPR-Cas works, scientists can predict and design where these tools modify DNA.
100 billion – there are at least that many stars in our Milky Way. It seems like an unimaginable number. Yet astrophysicists study structures in our universe that are far bigger than galaxies alone.
Scientists have new evidence that gluons have a positive spin polarization, meaning the spins of individual gluons are aligned in the same direction as the spin of the proton they are in.
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Science is pleased to announce that the Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program is now accepting applications for the 2024 solicitation 1 cycle. Applications are due on Wednesday, May 1, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. ET.
It may be snowy outside, but the water in the SNO+ experiment isn’t for building snowmen. SNO+ is short for the Sudbury Neutrino Observation+, a neutrino experiment 2 kilometers underground in a mine in Ontario, Canada.
To improve bioproducts productivity, researchers have engineered the genome of E. coli to make it immune to viral infections.
Fixed numbers of protons and neutrons can rearrange themselves within a nucleus. The gamma ray transitions from this reshuffling connect excited quantum energy levels, and the pattern in these connections provide a unique “fingerprint” for each isotope.
We’re all about finding new ways to save energy and money at the Department of Energy (DOE), especially when it comes to our facilities.
Researchers model sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics to understand its role in global climate.
Scientists have indirect evidence that antimatter falls the same way as matter.
For scientists to probe materials with electron beams, they require software, such as the finite element for software called Computational Fluid Dynamics, used by Silviu Covrig Dusa to make precision measurements at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.
Collisions of high energy particles produce “jets” of quarks, anti-quarks, or gluons. The quarks can’t be directly detected, but simulations indicate that the jets modify the quantum vacuum and that the produced quarks retain entanglement.
Magnetic plasma confinement in tokamaks is subject to effects from instabilities in the hot plasma.
Sometimes a single atomic nucleus can take many shapes, shifting between spherical and deformed states.
Studies of neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) could shed light on the mass of neutrinos and whether they exist as both matter and antimatter.
Scientists have developed a new way to study the shapes of atomic nuclei and their building blocks by modeling the production of particles produced in high-energy electron-nucleus collisions in the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).
Experiments searching for dark matter or astrophysical neutrinos require low background detectors.
Joshua Zide and his team at the University of Delaware are taking a new approach to materials, making metallic nanoparticles separately from films and then incorporating them. It turns semiconductors into nanocomposites with different properties and new applications.
Humans store water in huge metal towers and deep concrete reservoirs. But nature’s water storage is much more scenic – the snowpack that tops majestic mountains.
Burning fusion plasmas host a wide array of electromagnetic waves that can push energetic ions out of the plasma.
Semiconductors in photoelectrochemical cells can convert water into hydrogen for fuel. To develop this technology, researchers have developed a technique to measure these devices’ photovoltage, or energy output, quantitively. The technique avoids the difficulty of attaching wires to the front of the semiconductors in contact with water.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced awards totaling $24 million for small businesses in 30 states and the District of Columbia.
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Science will sponsor the participation of 173 undergraduate students and eight faculty members in three science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-focused workforce development programs at 13 DOE national laboratories and facilities this spring.
Scientists have confirmed possible evidence of a new elementary particle, the sterile neutrino. The results from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) found that the germanium 71 yield was 20% to 24% lower than expected based on the intensity of the neutrino source and on scientists’ knowledge of how neutrinos are absorbed. This is consistent with earlier results on the so-called gallium anomaly.
Cell replication in our bodies is triggered by a cascade of molecular signals transmitted between proteins. Compounds that block these signals show potential as cancer drugs. Recently, scientists uncovered the molecular mechanisms that underlie a step in the signal-transmission pathway that requires three proteins to link up. This points the way to new targets for drugs that fight certain types of cancer.
Since starting operation in May 2022, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a Department of Energy Office of Science user facility at Michigan State University, has enabled discoveries in the science of atomic nuclei, their role in the cosmos, and the fundamental symmetries of nature.
Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced the issuance of a Request for Proposals (RFPs) for the competitive selection of a management and operating contractor for Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL).
Plasma confinement in a tokamak can potentially cause pressure gradients that lead to instabilities in the plasma, disrupting tokamak performance.
In this study, researchers addressed the question of whether the liquids of nucleons and quarks are fundamentally different. Both liquids produce vortices when they rotate, but in quark liquids, the vortices carry a “color-magnetic field.” There is no such effect in nucleon liquids, so these vortices distinguish quark liquids from nuclear liquids.
The physics of carbon-12 are extremely complex. This research computed the nuclear states of carbon-12 from first principles using supercomputers and nuclear lattice simulations.
Colliding two heavy nuclei produces quark-gluon fireballs from which subatomic particles emerge. Fluctuations in the number of these particles from collision to collision carry important information about the QGP. Researchers used an approach called the maximum entropy principle to provide a crucial connection between experimental observations and the hydrodynamics of the QGP fireball.
Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced it is accepting applications for the 2024 DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program to support the research of outstanding scientists early in their careers.
What a difference a year can make! As the nation’s largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences, the steward of 10 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories, and the lead federal agency supporting fundamental research for energy production and security, DOE’s Office of Science (SC) has made incredible headway over the course of 2023.
The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a Department of Energy Office of Science user facility, has an exceptionally large number of these powerful instruments. They have more than 200 different instruments available for researchers to use for free. To get access to these tools, a researcher submits a proposal for time on the equipment. Other scientists review this and other proposals and choose the strongest ones.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have potential uses in applications involving severe wear and tear, extreme temperatures, radiation, and high stress, but HEAs made using additive manufacturing often have poor ductility. Scientists have now used laser-based additive manufacturing to form stronger and more ductile HEAs.
Modern detectors are revolutionizing electron microscopy but collect massive amounts of data at ultrafast rates, requiring extensive amounts of computer time and power to analyze.
The Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES), at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, announced the release of its vision, Building Bridges: A Vision for the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, during the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee hearing on December 13, 2023.
The extreme conditions in fusion experiments limit the ability of diagnostic tools to collect data on plasmas. This makes it difficult to compare models against measurements from experimental fusion devices.
As two neutron stars orbit one another, they release gravitational waves that sap energy from the orbit until the two stars eventually collide and merge.
Particle accelerators are incredibly complex. Operators must continuously monitor performance and sensors to identify problems in the devices.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $42 million for a program that will establish multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary hubs to advance foundational inertial fusion energy (IFE) science and technology, building on the groundbreaking work of the Department’s researchers into harnessing the power of the sun and stars.
Colliding nuclei at high speeds melts their constituent quarks and gluons into a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Quarks and gluons from the colliding nuclei also sometimes ricochet off one another very early on in the collision and form sprays of energetic particles known as jets. These jets lose their energy as they exit the plasma, with wide jets losing more energy than narrow jets. Researchers have confirmed that the plasma treats each prong of a jet independently only when the prongs are separated by a sufficiently large angle.
Fast ions that heat plasma in a fusion device can resonate with waves in the plasma, potentially causing waves to grow and kick the fast ions out of the device. This research used mathematical calculations and computer simulations to examine these resonant interactions to reveal how different types of collisions compete to determine the way energy transfers between the resonant particles and the plasma waves. The results will aid in models of how to keep plasmas hot enough to sustain fusion reactions.
Researchers are developing a synthetic form of a peptide that self-assembles into nanoscale fibers that conduct electricity when combined with heme. They determined how key properties of the peptide are affected by the length of the sequence of amino acids in the peptide and their identity. These properties include ease of binding the cofactor, assembly, and ability to conduct electricity.
New calculations predicting the spatial distributions of the charges, momentum, and other properties of the quarks within protons found that the up quarks are more symmetrically distributed and spread over a smaller distance within the proton than the down quark. The results imply that these two types of quarks contribute differently to a proton’s properties.
Researchers are making catalysts more efficient by designing nanoscale materials. Now scientists demonstrated that porous nanoscale silica films boost the catalytic activity of a metal palladium surface for carbon monoxide oxidation. The confined two-dimensional space between the metal catalyst and the silica film enhanced carbon monoxide conversion and increased carbon dioxide production by 12%, compared to palladium alone.
Researchers have developed a novel gate design that provides fast control of the flow of coherent information in electromagnonic devices. The design could be the basis for next-generation classical and quantum circuitry.
Particle collisions produce quarks and gluons that interact in structured ways. Scientists have for the first time directly observed a predicted “dead cone" in this structure. This finding helps to confirm a feature of the theory of strong interactions, which explains how quarks and gluons form protons and neutrons.
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