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Newswise: Tiny Underwater Sand Dunes May Shed Light on Larger Terrestrial and Martian Formations
2-Dec-2022 2:15 PM EST
Tiny Underwater Sand Dunes May Shed Light on Larger Terrestrial and Martian Formations
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In Physics of Fluids, researchers have been studying the dynamics of how crescent-shaped sand dunes are formed. Known as barchans, these formations are commonly found in various sizes and circumstances, on Earth and on Mars. Using a computational fluid dynamics approach, the team carried out simulations by applying the equations of motion to each grain in a pile being deformed by a fluid flow, showing the ranges of values for the proper computation of barchan dunes down to the grain scale.

Newswise: How Metastatic Cancer Causes Leaky Blood Vessels
2-Dec-2022 2:10 PM EST
How Metastatic Cancer Causes Leaky Blood Vessels
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In APL Bioengineering, researchers examine the local communication between endothelial cells and tumors cells and its effects on endothelial cell orientation. The approach uses co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and breast epithelial tumor cell lines to simulate the tumor-endothelial interaction. The group found the clockwise chirality of the hUVECs was less affected by local hormone signaling and more so by direct physical contact with tumor cells. Specific proteins on the tumor cell binding to others on endothelial cells appeared to play a role in changing the clockwise chirality of hUVECs.

   
Newswise: Supersonic Travel, Without the Sonic Boom #ASA183
29-Nov-2022 3:40 PM EST
Supersonic Travel, Without the Sonic Boom #ASA183
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

At the 183rd ASA Meeting, Gautam Shah will discuss plans to test a supersonic aircraft with technology to alter how supersonic shock waves behave and reduce sonic booms. NASA will conduct a series of flights over various communities across the U.S., and Shah and his team will measure the sound of the aircraft and conduct public surveys to understand the public response to different noise levels. By providing this information to regulatory agencies, the group hopes to inform an overland supersonic sound standard.

Newswise: 3D-Printed Violins Bring Music into More Hands #ASA183
29-Nov-2022 5:00 PM EST
3D-Printed Violins Bring Music into More Hands #ASA183
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Creating 3D-printed, low-cost, durable violins for music students, researchers have explored the factors that result in the best violin sounds and performed a concerto composed specifically for 3D-printed instruments. The violin was created in two sections. The body is made of a plastic polymer material and designed to produce a resonant tone, while the neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to be comfortable in the musician's hands. The result is a violin that produces a darker, more mellow sound than traditionally made instruments.

Newswise: Listen to the Toilet — It Could Detect Disease #ASA183
28-Nov-2022 3:30 PM EST
Listen to the Toilet — It Could Detect Disease #ASA183
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

Researchers describe how a noninvasive microphone sensor could identify bowel diseases without collecting any identifiable information. They tested the technique on audio data from online sources, transforming each audio sample of an excretion event into a spectrogram, which essentially captures the sound in an image. The images were fed to a machine learning algorithm that learned to classify each event based on its features. The algorithm's performance was tested against data with and without background noises.

   
Newswise: Machine Learning Diagnoses Pneumonia by Listening to Coughs #ASA183
28-Nov-2022 1:15 PM EST
Machine Learning Diagnoses Pneumonia by Listening to Coughs #ASA183
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

Researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm to identify cough sounds and determine whether the subject is suffering from pneumonia. Because every room and recording device is different, they augmented their recordings with room impulse responses, which measure how the acoustics of a space react to different sound frequencies. By combining this data with the recorded cough sounds, the algorithm can work in any environment.

   
Newswise: Can a Playlist be Your Therapist? Balancing Emotions Through Music #ASA183
28-Nov-2022 3:20 PM EST
Can a Playlist be Your Therapist? Balancing Emotions Through Music #ASA183
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

Researchers present an app that creates playlists to help listeners care for their emotions through music. The app could be used by people who may not want to receive counseling or treatment because of feelings of shame, inadequacy, or distrust and aims to leave them more positive and focused than they were when they began. Users take three self-led questionnaires to measure their emotional status and the app then creates a customized playlist of songs using one of three strategies: consoling, relaxing, or uplifting.

   
Newswise: Shhhh … Speaking More Quietly in Restaurants Means Everyone Can Be Heard #ASA183
28-Nov-2022 4:00 PM EST
Shhhh … Speaking More Quietly in Restaurants Means Everyone Can Be Heard #ASA183
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

In a crowded restaurant, the sounds of conversations bounce off walls, creating background noise. Each individual wants to be heard, so they end up talking a little bit louder, which increases the overall din. Eventually – barring an interruption – the system gets loud enough to reach the limit of the human voice. Braxton Boren will discuss this cycle, called the Lombard effect, and how it can be disrupted in his presentation, "A game theory model of the Lombard effect in public spaces."

Newswise: AIP Publishing Announces Winners of the 2022 APL Materials Excellence in Research Award
Released: 5-Dec-2022 9:00 AM EST
AIP Publishing Announces Winners of the 2022 APL Materials Excellence in Research Award
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

AIP Publishing is pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 APL Materials Excellence in Research Award, a distinction for young researchers who publish exceptional research in the journal.

Newswise: Media Invited to Explore Urban Acoustics with a 'Sound Walk' of Nashville #ASA183
Released: 1-Dec-2022 10:05 AM EST
Media Invited to Explore Urban Acoustics with a 'Sound Walk' of Nashville #ASA183
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

The 183rd ASA Meeting will include an urban sound walk, in which media are invited to explore Nashville, its sounds, and efforts to design projects that enhance the sonic environment and mitigate noise. Following the walk, ASA will host a workshop on soundscape design and how planning can be used to create sustainable, walkable, livable urban environments. The walk is an opportunity for media and anyone interested in urban soundscapes, while the workshop is intended for city planners, architects, officials, and others whose work lies on the interface between sound and the community. All are welcome.

Newswise: Cooling Down Solar Cells, Naturally
22-Nov-2022 3:10 PM EST
Cooling Down Solar Cells, Naturally
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Too much sun and too much heat can reduce the efficiency of photovoltaics. A solar farm with optimally spaced panels facing the correct direction could cool itself through convection using the surrounding wind. Researchers explored how to exploit the geometry of solar farms to enhance natural cooling mechanisms.

Newswise: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Design Goes Deeper into Brain
22-Nov-2022 2:45 PM EST
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Design Goes Deeper into Brain
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

As a noninvasive neuromodulation method, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shows great potential to treat a range of mental and psychiatric diseases, including major depression. Current methods don’t go quite deep enough and are largely restricted to superficial targets within the brain, but a new TMS array with a special geometrical-shaped magnet structure will help stimulate deeper tissue.

   
Newswise: Global Leader in Materials Research Will Be New APL Materials Editor-in-Chief
Released: 28-Nov-2022 8:00 AM EST
Global Leader in Materials Research Will Be New APL Materials Editor-in-Chief
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

AIP Publishing is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr. Bo Wang of the Beijing Institute of Technology as the new Editor-in-Chief of APL Materials. Wang will lead the journal as it expands to represent material science, materials chemistry, and materials physics more holistically.

Newswise: The Interplay Between Epidemics, Prevention Information, and Mass Media
16-Nov-2022 10:25 AM EST
The Interplay Between Epidemics, Prevention Information, and Mass Media
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

When an epidemic strikes, more than just infections spread. As cases mount, information about the disease, how to spot it, and how to prevent it propagates rapidly among people in affected areas as well.

   
Released: 10-Nov-2022 2:15 PM EST
Media Invited to Acoustical Society of America Meeting in Nashville, Dec. 5-9
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) will hold its 183rd meeting Dec. 5- 9 at the Grand Hyatt Nashville Hotel. ASA183 will be an in-person meeting with several hybrid sessions where remote attendance will also be possible. Reporters are invited to attend the meeting at no cost.

Newswise: Nikita Nekrasov Awarded 2023 Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics
Released: 10-Nov-2022 10:05 AM EST
Nikita Nekrasov Awarded 2023 Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

AIP and APS are pleased to announce Nikita Nekrasov, a professor at Stony Brook University, as the recipient of the 2023 Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics "for the elegant application of powerful mathematical techniques to extract exact results for quantum field theories, as well as shedding light on integrable systems and non-commutative geometry." The annual award acknowledges significant contributions to the field of mathematical physics and will be presented at an upcoming APS meeting.

Newswise: Joseph A. Johnson Award Goes to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Professor
Released: 9-Nov-2022 10:05 AM EST
Joseph A. Johnson Award Goes to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Professor
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

AIP and the National Society of Black Physicists have awarded Trevor Rhone the 2022 Joseph A. Johnson III Award for Excellence and Cacey Bester an Honorable Mention. Now in its third year, the award recognizes early-career scientists who demonstrate scientific ingenuity and powerful mentorship and service – the core values of NSBP founder Joseph A. Johnson. The award and honorable mention will be presented at the National Society of Black Physicists 2022 Conference on Nov. 9 in Charlottesville, Virginia.

Newswise: Ultrathin Solar Cells Promise Improved Satellite Performance
3-Nov-2022 1:40 PM EDT
Ultrathin Solar Cells Promise Improved Satellite Performance
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

As low Earth orbit becomes more cluttered, it becomes increasingly necessary to use middle Earth orbits, and radiation-tolerant cell designs will be needed. Making photovoltaics thinner should increase their longevity because the charge carriers have less far to go during their shortened lifetimes. In Journal of Applied Physics, scientists propose a radiation-tolerant photovoltaic cell design that features an ultrathin layer of light-absorbing material. Compared to thicker cells, nearly 3.5 times less cover glass is needed for the ultra-thin cells to deliver the same amount of power after 20 years of operation.

Newswise: Simulating the Shear Destruction of Red Blood Cells
31-Oct-2022 2:35 PM EDT
Simulating the Shear Destruction of Red Blood Cells
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The destruction of red blood cells, or mechanical hemolysis, is an inevitable complication of interventional devices, so scientists want to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon. In Physics of Fluids, researchers develop a red blood cell destruction model based on simulations of dissipative particle dynamics within a high shear flow. The team discovered that acceleration during shearing is a major factor in red blood cell destruction, beyond exposure time and shear stress. They recommend adding a flow buffer structure to the structural design of ventricular assist devices to reduce part of the hemolysis caused by shear acceleration.

   
Newswise: Statistical Analysis Reveals Unexpected Trends in US Gun Violence Incidents
28-Oct-2022 8:45 AM EDT
Statistical Analysis Reveals Unexpected Trends in US Gun Violence Incidents
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Although gun violence is a challenging problem in the U.S., few in-depth statistical studies have been carried out on a state-by-state basis. In Chaos, mathematicians provide a thorough analysis of gun violence incidents from early 2018 to mid-2022 in all 50 states and compare their results to historical events during that period. The investigators analyzed data provided by the Gun Violence Archive, using time series analysis, paying particular attention to the summer of 2020 when the national media reported widespread violence due to a combination of COVID-19 shutdowns, the murder of George Floyd, and subsequent protests and unrest.

Newswise: Capturing and Analyzing Subtle Combination Tones Produced by Violins
27-Oct-2022 8:55 AM EDT
Capturing and Analyzing Subtle Combination Tones Produced by Violins
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

When two musical notes are played simultaneously, the human ear can perceive weak additional tones called combination tones. While less perceivable, objective combination tones are also generated by some musical instruments.

Newswise: Starshade Competition Challenges Students to Block Starlight for Observing Exoplanets
Released: 27-Oct-2022 3:15 PM EDT
Starshade Competition Challenges Students to Block Starlight for Observing Exoplanets
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Hybrid Observatory for Earth-like Exoplanets proposes pairing the newest and largest ground-based telescopes with a starshade orbiting Earth to obstruct the light from a host star to identify and characterize an exoplanet. AIP, with NASA and SPS, is organizing a competition for undergraduate students in the physical sciences to design such a starshade.

Newswise: Robotic Insect Toys Build Undergraduate Research Skills in Physics
20-Oct-2022 9:55 AM EDT
Robotic Insect Toys Build Undergraduate Research Skills in Physics
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In the American Journal of Physics, researchers developed an online undergraduate physics lab course using small robotic bugs, called Hexbug Nanos (TM), to engage students in scientific research from their homes. The bugs look like bright-colored beetles with 12 flexible legs that move rapidly in a semi-random manner. This makes collections ideal models for exploring particle behavior that can be difficult to visualize, and students used them to complete experiments to investigate concepts in statistical mechanics and electrical conduction.

Newswise: 2022 Ronald C. Davidson Award for Plasma Physics Goes to Ian H. Hutchinson
Released: 17-Oct-2022 8:05 AM EDT
2022 Ronald C. Davidson Award for Plasma Physics Goes to Ian H. Hutchinson
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

AIP Publishing has selected Ian H. Hutchinson, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, as the recipient of its 2022 Ronald C. Davidson Award for Plasma Physics for his paper, "Electron holes in phase space: What they are and why they matter." The annual award of $5,000 is presented in collaboration with the APS Division of Plasma Physics to recognize outstanding plasma physics research by a Physics of Plasmas author.

Newswise:Video Embedded predicting-risk-of-aneurysm-rupture
VIDEO
6-Oct-2022 11:20 AM EDT
Predicting Risk of Aneurysm Rupture
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Predicting the rupture of aneurysms is crucial for medical prevention and treatment. As aspect ratio and size ratio increase and an aneurysm expands, the stress applied against the aneurysm walls and the time blood spends within it increase. This leads the probability of rupture to rise. In Physics of Fluids, researchers develop a patient-specific mathematical model to examine what aneurysm parameters influence rupture risk prior to surgery. Computed tomography scans are fed into the model, which reconstructs the geometry and blood flow of the aneurysm. It then uses equations to describe the fluid flow, generating information about the blood vessel walls and blood flow patterns.

   
Newswise: AIP Congratulates 2022 Nobel Prize Winners in Physics
Released: 4-Oct-2022 8:05 AM EDT
AIP Congratulates 2022 Nobel Prize Winners in Physics
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The 2022 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.” To help journalists and the public understand the context of this work, AIP is compiling a Nobel Prize resources page featuring relevant scientific papers and articles, quotes from experts, photos, multimedia, and other resources.

Newswise: Casting Shadows on Solar Cells Connected in Series
21-Sep-2022 3:35 PM EDT
Casting Shadows on Solar Cells Connected in Series
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Even small objects, such as dust and leaves, can block sunlight from reaching solar cells, and understanding how the loss of incoming radiation affects power output is essential for optimizing photovoltaic technology. In the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, researchers explore how different shade conditions impact performance of single solar cells and two-cell systems connected in series and parallel. They found that the decrease in output current of a single cell or two cells connected in parallel was nearly identical to the ratio of shade to sunlight. However, for two cells running in series, there was excess power loss.

Newswise: Telehealth Makes Hearing Health Care More Equitable
15-Sep-2022 3:05 PM EDT
Telehealth Makes Hearing Health Care More Equitable
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, scientists explore how digital health solutions can expand audiology services in clinical and research settings. Audiology assessment via telehealth would allow patients to access care while a specialist is located hundreds of miles away and, as a research tool, telehealth would allow for more representative and decentralized data on hearing, without compromising results. The team is currently scaling up several studies they conducted in rural areas of Alaska; their mission is to close the gap on hearing health disparities.

   
Newswise: Photovoltaics Expert to Highlight Groundbreaking Research and Technological Innovation as Editor-in-Chief of APL Energy
Released: 15-Sep-2022 8:55 AM EDT
Photovoltaics Expert to Highlight Groundbreaking Research and Technological Innovation as Editor-in-Chief of APL Energy
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

AIP Publishing is excited to announce Monica Lira-Cantu as the founding Editor-in-Chief of APL Energy, its newest gold open access journal. She will lead APL Energy in its mission to disseminate research related to energy and its storage, conversion, sources, and materials. The journal will also examine renewability, sustainability, and the environmental impacts of energy technologies. It will open for submissions in 2022 and begin publishing in 2023.

12-Sep-2022 11:05 AM EDT
Muscle Models Mimic Diabetes, Inform Personalized Medicine
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Scientists are using in vitro skeletal muscle engineering to gain a better understanding of the complex genetic and environmental factors underlying diabetes, putting lab-grown, healthy skeletal muscle tissues in a state resembling diabetes or growing skeletal muscle from diabetic patients' muscle stem cells. In Biophysics Reviews, researchers describe how skeletal muscle engineering has advanced significantly during the past few decades and recent developments that make it easier to explore diabetes in humans and have led to more personalized medicine.

   
Newswise: Artificial Breathing System Reveals Alveoli Function in Lungs
31-Aug-2022 2:05 PM EDT
Artificial Breathing System Reveals Alveoli Function in Lungs
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In Biomicrofluidics, scientists in China created a model alveolar system that mimics the breathing action of the human lung and allows visualization of flow patterns within the alveoli. The chip they designed includes tubes arranged like the structure of a bifurcation point in the bronchial network. The upper layer of the chip is made of a flexible polymer molded into small tubes that mimic the alveolar structure. The lower layer is glass, which allows the authors to visualize fluid flow through the tubes.

   
Newswise: Low-Cost Disease Diagnosis by Mapping Heart Sounds
25-Aug-2022 3:30 PM EDT
Low-Cost Disease Diagnosis by Mapping Heart Sounds
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In the Journal of Applied Physics, researchers develop a method to identify aortic valve dysfunction using complex network analysis that is accurate, simple to use, and low-cost. They used heart sound data to create a complex network of connected points, which was split into sections, and each part was represented with a node. If the sound in two portions was similar, a line was drawn between them. In a healthy heart, the graph showed two distinct clusters of points, with many nodes unconnected. A heart with aortic stenosis contained many more correlations and edges.

   
Newswise: Washing Dishes with Superheated Steam More Effective, Earth-Friendly
24-Aug-2022 3:00 PM EDT
Washing Dishes with Superheated Steam More Effective, Earth-Friendly
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Superheated steam dishwashers could provide a more effective, environmentally friendly solution than conventional dishwashers. In Physics of Fluids, researchers simulated such a dishwasher, finding that it killed 99% of bacteria on a plate in just 25 seconds. The model of an idealized dishwasher looks like a box with solid sides, a top opening, and a nozzle at the bottom. A plate covered with heat-resistant bacteria is placed directly above the nozzle. Once the plate reaches a certain threshold temperature, the microorganisms are deemed inactivated.

Newswise: Treating, Preventing Heart Attacks with Human Tissue Models
26-Aug-2022 1:05 PM EDT
Treating, Preventing Heart Attacks with Human Tissue Models
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In Biophysics Reviews, researchers explore how human tissue models can be used to examine the impact of heart attacks and treatment of the fibrotic tissue outside the body, improving treatment and diagnosis. They use organoids, 3D organlike multicellular models derived from stem cells, to mimic natural development, structural organization, regeneration, and disease progression. Meanwhile, microfluidic devices control cell placement and fluid flow to act like the heart on a chip, while bioprinting allows cardiac tissue to be built up layer by layer.

   
Newswise: Saturn V Was Loud But Didn't Melt Concrete
19-Aug-2022 8:05 AM EDT
Saturn V Was Loud But Didn't Melt Concrete
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Abundant internet claims about the acoustic power of the Saturn V suggest that it melted concrete and lit grass on fire over a mile away, but such ideas are undeniably false. In The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, researchers used a physics-based model to estimate the rocket's acoustic levels and obtained a value of 203 decibels, which matched the limited data from the 1960s. So, while the Saturn V was extremely loud, that kind of power is nowhere near enough to melt concrete or start grass fires.

Newswise: Do Wind Instruments Disperse COVID Aerosol Droplets?
11-Aug-2022 10:45 AM EDT
Do Wind Instruments Disperse COVID Aerosol Droplets?
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Orchestral ensembles have faced many challenges when starting to perform again during the COVID pandemic, and contamination is a chief concern: specifically, whether wind instruments are vectors of contamination through aerosol dispersion. In Physics of Fluids, researchers worked with musicians to deepen our understanding of how much aerosol is produced and dispersed by wind instruments. They used visualization to characterize the flow, tracked fog particles in the air, and measured aerosol concentration from wind instruments with a particle counter. Then they combined these to develop an equation to describe aerosol dispersion.

   
Newswise: Harvesting Resources on Mars with Plasmas
10-Aug-2022 2:05 PM EDT
Harvesting Resources on Mars with Plasmas
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Researchers have devised a plasma-based way to produce and separate oxygen within the Martian environment. It's a complementary approach to NASA's Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment and may deliver high rates of molecule production per kilogram of instrumentation sent to space. In the Journal of Applied Physics, the team presents the method for harnessing and processing local resources to generate products on Mars.

Newswise: Body Posture Affects How Oral Drugs Absorbed by Stomach
5-Aug-2022 3:10 PM EDT
Body Posture Affects How Oral Drugs Absorbed by Stomach
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

A common method of administering drugs is orally, by swallowing a pill or capsule. But oral administration is the most complex way for the human body to absorb an active pharmaceutical ingredient, because the bioavailability of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract depends on the medication's ingredients and the stomach's dynamic physiological environment. In Physics of Fluids, researchers from employ a biomimetic in-silico simulator based on the realistic anatomy and morphology of the stomach – a "StomachSim" – to investigate and quantify the effect of body posture and stomach motility on drug bioavailability.

   
Newswise: Ultrasound Could Save Racehorses from Bucked Shins
4-Aug-2022 1:30 PM EDT
Ultrasound Could Save Racehorses from Bucked Shins
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

When racehorses enter training at about 2 years old, they can develop tiny stress fractures and new bone formations in their legs. This condition, called bucked shin, occurs in about 70% of the animals. In The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, researchers have developed a method to screen for bucked shin using ultrasound. Axial transmission, in which an ultrasound emitter and receiver are placed on the skin to induce and measure wave velocities, is frequently used to study osteoporosis in humans. The method could detect bucked shin more easily and preserve the health and growth of young horses.

Newswise:Video Embedded human-machine-interfaces-work-underwater-generate-their-own-power
VIDEO
4-Aug-2022 9:50 AM EDT
Human-Machine Interfaces Work Underwater, Generate Their Own Power
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In Applied Physics Reviews, scientists at UCLA describe their development of a type of wearable human-machine interface device that is stretchable, inexpensive, and waterproof. The device is based on a soft magnetoelastic sensor array that converts mechanical pressure from the press of a finger into an electrical signal. The device involves two main components: a layer that translates mechanical movement to a magnetic response and a magnetic induction layer consisting of patterned liquid metal coils.

Newswise: Journal of Mathematical Physics Announces 2021 Young Researcher Award
Released: 8-Aug-2022 10:05 AM EDT
Journal of Mathematical Physics Announces 2021 Young Researcher Award
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Journal of Mathematical Physics has recognized Sam Collingbourne as the winner of its 2021 Young Researcher Award. His work on the stability properties of space-times in high dimensions culminated in the winning publication, "The Gregory-Laflamme instability of the Schwarzschild black string exterior." The judges selected Collingbourne from a pool of JMP authors and the prize includes $3,000. Collingbourne explores solutions to the Einstein equation, which relates the curvature and geometry of space-time to the matter content in space-time.

Newswise: Paintings, Cartoons Combine to Render Biological Molecules
26-Jul-2022 2:40 PM EDT
Paintings, Cartoons Combine to Render Biological Molecules
American Crystallographic Association (ACA)

During the annual ACA meeting, David Goodsell, of Scripps Research and RCSB Protein Data Bank, will discuss his use of artistic methods to visualize biological data. His presentation, "Art as a Tool for Structural Biology," takes place Tuesday. Traditional artistic mediums, like painting, provide the freedom necessary to illustrate cells, and Goodsell is using illustrations to lay the foundation for computational modeling of whole cells. He also creates brightly colored, cartoonlike graphics with nonphotorealistic computer graphics methods to highlight the overall shape of molecules and how they assemble and interact.

Newswise: Improving Yields in Enhanced Oil Recovery
29-Jul-2022 9:20 AM EDT
Improving Yields in Enhanced Oil Recovery
American Crystallographic Association (ACA)

Nonionic surfactants are molecules with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, which lets them interact both with hydrophilic liquids like water as well as hydrophobic liquids like oil. This surface-active property makes them invaluable in enhanced oil recovery, where they can be used to greatly increase oil yields. During the 72nd ACA meeting, Thomas Fitzgibbons, of Dow, will detail how nonionic surfactants behave under the high-pressure conditions found in oil wells; adding nonionic surfactants to the injection fluid can help in several ways.

Newswise: Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Captures 'Invisible' Traumatic Brain Injuries
27-Jul-2022 9:35 AM EDT
Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Captures 'Invisible' Traumatic Brain Injuries
American Crystallographic Association (ACA)

Rama Madhurapantula, of the Illinois Institute of Technology, will describe how synchrotron X-ray diffraction can aid in diagnosing invisible traumatic brain injuries in their presentation, "X-ray fiber diffraction to elucidate tissue transition and changes to molecular packing in relation damage," held Sunday, July 31 at the annual ACA meeting. While traditional imaging methods work on the micron scale, Madhurapantula's team showed synchrotron X-ray diffraction can capture much smaller changes to myelin on the nanometer to angstrom scale in situ.

   
Newswise: Improving Image Sensors for Machine Vision
21-Jul-2022 9:00 AM EDT
Improving Image Sensors for Machine Vision
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In Applied Physics Letters, researchers highlight the latest nanostructured components integrated on image sensor chips that are most likely to make the biggest impact in multimodal imaging and detailed a promising approach to detect multiple-band spectra by fabricating an on-chip spectrometer. The developments could enable autonomous vehicles to see around corners instead of just a straight line, biomedical imaging to detect abnormalities at different tissue depths, and telescopes to see through interstellar dust.

Newswise: Light Polarization Creates Art, Explains Mathematical Concepts
15-Jul-2022 10:50 AM EDT
Light Polarization Creates Art, Explains Mathematical Concepts
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In the American Journal of Physics, Aaron Slepkov from Trent University explores the physics of how polarization-filtered colors emerge, how they can be controlled, and why subtle changes in viewing angle, sample orientation, and the order of layers of films between polarizers can have dramatic effects on the observed colors. The research emphasizes visual examples of concepts related to birefringence, such as addition, subtraction, and order-of-operations.

Newswise: New AIP Podcast Reveals Untold Histories Behind Scientific Discoveries, Beginning with Climate Change
Released: 20-Jul-2022 10:35 AM EDT
New AIP Podcast Reveals Untold Histories Behind Scientific Discoveries, Beginning with Climate Change
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

AIP is launching "Initial Conditions: A Physics History Podcast" on July 21. Weekly episodes will delve into the collections of the Niels Bohr Library & Archives to uncover the unexpected stories behind physics discoveries. Co-hosts Maura Shapiro and Justin Shapiro use their knowledge of science and history to tell the stories that have been overlooked in the history of physics. The first three episodes will examine how climate change was studied in the 20th century and how those debates about climate still resonate today.

Newswise: Synchronization of Firearm Background Check Data Reveals Acquisition Patterns
7-Jul-2022 10:05 AM EDT
Synchronization of Firearm Background Check Data Reveals Acquisition Patterns
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In Chaos, researchers explore the factors driving background checks, and whether coordination between U.S. states may exist and if one state exerts influence over others in terms of enacting gun laws or acquiring firearms. They researchers constructed a rigorous mathematical approach to interpret the patterning of firearm background check data and found these patterns of frequency oscillations are different at various time points. This suggests states may have interacted differently with each other during the terms of Bush, Obama, and Trump.

   
Newswise: Biomicrofluidics Announces Low-Cost, 3D-Printed Microfluidic Bioreactor as 2021 Best Paper Award Recipient
Released: 12-Jul-2022 9:00 AM EDT
Biomicrofluidics Announces Low-Cost, 3D-Printed Microfluidic Bioreactor as 2021 Best Paper Award Recipient
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The journal Biomicrofluidics has selected Ikram Khan as the winner of its 2021 Best Paper award. The designation highlights significant contributions by emerging authors in microfluidics and nanofluidics and is determined by an expert panel of judges. In the winning paper, "A low-cost 3D printed microfluidic bioreactor and imaging chamber for live-organoid imaging," the authors developed a system capable of supporting brain organoid growth while allowing long-term live imaging and drug delivery support. Organoids, or biological systems grown in vitro, act as important models for studying normal and diseased development.

Newswise: Discovery Reveals Large, Year-Round Ozone Hole Over Tropics
29-Jun-2022 10:05 AM EDT
Discovery Reveals Large, Year-Round Ozone Hole Over Tropics
American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In AIP Advances, Qing-Bin Lu, a scientist from the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, reveals a large, all-season ozone hole in the lower stratosphere over the tropics comparable in depth to that of the well-known springtime Antarctic hole, but roughly seven times greater in area. His observed data agree well with the cosmic-ray-driven electron reaction (CRE) model and strongly indicate the identical physical mechanism working for both Antarctic and tropical ozone holes.



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