Credit: Shuqun Cai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Vorticity (ω) showing internal wave beams generated by tidal flow over (a) supercritical (φ > θ), (b) critical (φ = θ), and (c) subcritical (φ < θ) continental shelf slopes. The beams are denoted by the black and magenta arrows emitted from different energy sources (black and magenta points).