RSS Channels IndexType 2 Diabetes Is Increasing Among Children All Over the World
Newswise — Obesity rates are continuing to rise among both children and adults worldwide. Obesity is a risk factor for development of a variety of complications, including type 2 diabetes, and an increase in the rates of such obesity-associated diseases has been seen among adults. However, a review article in the May issue of The Journal of Pediatrics reports that the rate of type 2 diabetes among children worldwide also appears to have increased significantly over the last 15 years.
Weight gain, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise reduce the action of insulin—a hormone that allows sugar to enter cells where it can be used for energy—a condition called insulin resistance. Initially, the body compensates for the resistance by increasing production. However, over time the ability of the pancreas to increase production doesn't keep up and blood sugar begins to rise, leading eventually to type 2 diabetes.
Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, M.D. of Sheba Medical Center in Israel and Philip Zeitler, M.D., Ph.D. of the University of Colorado reviewed articles and reports on type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents between 1978 and 2004. Although the review is limited to published data only, they found that type 2 diabetes accounts for up to 45% of new cases among adolescents. The authors cite higher percentages in areas such as New York, Taiwan, New Zealand, and Canada.
The rising percentages among certain ethnic groups are particularly striking. For example, 80% of new cases of pediatric diabetes in Japan and 70% of new cases among Native Americans are classified as type 2 diabetes. The Pima Indians in Central Arizona have the world's highest recorded rate of type 2 diabetes in adults, in addition to high rates of obesity. The authors observe that there is a close tie between the rate of type 2 diabetes among adults in a specific population and the appearance of it in children and adolescents.
This review of the medical literature emphasizes that obesity-related illness is rapidly becoming a global problem. The occurrence of these disorders among children and adolescents emphasizes the degree to which lifestyles have deteriorated and the urgent need to begin to develop strategies to reverse these changes.
The study is reported in "The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents" by Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, M.D. and Philip Zeitler, M.D., Ph.D. The article appears in The Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 146, Number 5 (May 2005), published by Elsevier.
The Journal of Pediatrics is a primary reference for the science and practice of pediatrics and its subspecialties. This authoritative resource of original, peer-reviewed articles oriented toward clinical practice helps physicians stay abreast of the latest and ever-changing developments in pediatric medicine. The Journal of Pediatrics ranks in the top 12% of the 5,907 scientific journals receiving the most citations (Science Citation Index). The Journal is published under the Mosby imprint by Elsevier, a leading global publisher of scientific, technical, and medical journals, books, and reference works. It is a member of the Reed Elsevier plc group.
THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
Partial Table of Contents
Volume 146/Number 5 (May 2005)
EDITORIALS
RELIABILITY OF THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Stephen E. Muething, MD, and Uma Kotagal, MD, Cincinnati, Ohio
DIET, IMMUNITY, AND AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Simon Murch, PhD, FRCP, FRCPCH, Coventry, United Kingdom
SURVEYING EUTHANASIA PRACTICES: METHODS AND MORALITY
Joel E. Frader, MD, MA, Chicago, Illinois
INVITED COMMENTARY
ARE SOFT DRINKS A SCAPEGOAT FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY?
Robert Murray, MD, FAAP, Barbara Frankowski, MD, MPH, FAAP, and Howard Taras, MD, FAAP, Columbus, Ohio, Burlington, Vermont, and San Diego, California
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
USE OF ASTHMA GUIDELINES BY PRIMARY CARE PROVIDERS TO REDUCE HOSPITALIZATIONS AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS IN POOR, MINORITY, URBAN CHILDREN
Michelle M. Cloutier, MD, Charles B. Hall, PhD, Dorothy B. Wakefield, MS, and Howard Bailit, DMD, PhD, Hartford and Farmington, Connecticut, and Bronx, New York
PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES FOR MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME COMPLICATING SYSTEMIC JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Angelo Ravelli, MD, Silvia Magni-Manzoni, MD, Angela Pistorio, MD, PhD, Cristina Besana, MD, Tiziana Foti, MD, Nicolino Ruperto, MD, MPH, Stefania Viola, MD, and Alberto Martini, MD, Genova and Pavia, Italy
EVALUATION OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AGAINST COMMON DIETARY PROTEINS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Harumi Jyonouchi, MD, Lee Geng, PhD, Agnes Ruby, BS, Chitra Reddy, MD, and Barbie Zimmerman-Bier, MD, Newark, New Jersey
PHYSICIANS' WILLINGNESS TO GRANT REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE IN DYING FOR CHILDREN: A STUDY OF HYPOTHETICAL CASES
Astrid M. Vrakking, MSc, Agnes van der Heide, MD, PhD, Caspar W. N. Looman, MSc, Johannes J. M. van Delden, MD, PhD, Bregje D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen, PhD, Paul J. van der Maas, MD, PhD, and Gerrit van der Wal, MD, PhD, Rotterdam, Utrecht, and Amsterdam, The Netherlands
TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP RESULTS FOR HIP-HOP TO HEALTH JR.: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL FOR OVERWEIGHT PREVENTION IN PRESCHOOL MINORITY CHILDREN
Marian L. Fitzgibbon, PhD, Melinda R. Stolley, PhD, Linda Schiffer, MS, MPH, Linda Van Horn, PhD, RD, Katherine KauferChristoffel, MD, MPH, and Alan Dyer, PhD, Chicago, Illinois
IMPROVED OUTCOMES OF OUTBORN PRETERM INFANTS IF ADMITTED TO PERINATAL CENTERS VERSUS FREESTANDING PEDIATRIC HOSPITALS
Prakesh S. Shah, MD, MRCP, FRCPC, Vibhuti Shah, MD, MRCPCH, Zhenguo Qiu, PhD, Arne Ohlsson, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Shoo K. Lee, MBBS, FRCPC, PhD, and the Canadian Neonatal Network, Toronto and Vancouver, Canada
PRETREATMENT CORTISOL VALUES MAY PREDICT RESPONSES TO HYDROCORTISONE ADMINISTRATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IN HIGH-RISK INFANTS
Outi Peltoniemi, MD, M. Anneli Kari, MD, PhD, Kirsti Heinonen, MD, PhD, Timo Saarela, MD, PhD,
Kari Nikolajev, MD, PhD, Sture Andersson, MD, PhD, Raimo Voutilainen, MD, PhD, and Mikko Hallman, MD, PhD, Oulu, Helsinki, and Kuopio, Finland
NEONATAL INTUBATION: SUCCESS OF PEDIATRIC TRAINEES
Tina A. Leone, MD, Wade Rich, RRT, and Neil N. Finer, MD, San Diego, California
GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENT WITH PARENTERAL NUTRITION DECREASES WHOLE BODY PROTEOLYSIS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS
Satish C. Kalhan, MBBS, FRCP, Prabhu S. Parimi, MD, Lourdes L. Gruca, MS, and Richard W. Hanson, PhD, Cleveland, Ohio
INITIAL PRESENTATION OF CHILDHOOD-ONSET SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A FRENCH MULTICENTER STUDY
B. Bader-Meunier, MD, J. B. Armengaud, MD, E. Haddad, MD, PhD, R. Salomon, MD, PhD, G. Deschênes, MD, PhD, I. Koné-Paut, MD, T. Leblanc, MD, C. Loirat, P. Niaudet, MD, J. C. Piette, MD, A. M. Prieur, MD, P. Quartier, MD, F. Bouissou, MD, M. Foulard, MD, G. Leverger, MD, I. Lemelle, P. Pilet, MD, M. Rodière, MD, N. Sirvent, MD, P. Cochat, MD, and the French pediatric-onset SLE study group, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, Marseille, Toulouse, Lille, Nancy, Bordeaux, Montpellier, Nice, and Lyon, France
IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA AFTER COMPLETION OF MODERN AGGRESSIVE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC REGIMENS
Daniel H. Brodtman, DO, David W. Rosenthal, DO, Arlene Redner, MD, Philip Lanzkowsky, MD, and Vincent R. Bonagura, MD, New Hyde Park and Bronx, New York
INFLIXIMAB TREATMENT FOR REFRACTORY KAWASAKI SYNDROME
Jane C. Burns, MD, Wilbert H. Mason, MD, Sarmistha B. Hauger, MD, Hillel Janai, MD, John F. Bastian, MD, Julie D. Wohrley, MD, Ian Balfour, MD, Cynthia A. Shen, MD, Edward D. Michel, MD, Stanford T. Shulman, MD, and Marian E. Melish, MD, San Diego, Los Angeles, and Arroyo Grande, California, Austin, Texas, Peoria and Chicago, Illinois, St. Louis, Missouri, Falls Church, Virginia, and Honolulu, Hawaii
POLICY ISSUES FOR EXPANDING NEWBORN SCREENING PROGRAMS: THE CYSTIC FIBROSIS NEWBORN SCREENING EXPERIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES
Benjamin S. Wilfond, MD, and Sarah E. Gollust, BA, Bethesda, Maryland
PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH FEATURES OF ''NONCLASSIC'' FORMS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Joshua D. Groman, PhD, Barbara Karczeski, MS, Molly Sheridan, BS, Terry E. Robinson, MD, M. Daniele Fallin, PhD, and Garry R. Cutting, MD, Baltimore, Maryland, and Palo Alto, California
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS-RELATED DIABETES
B. C. Marshall, MD, S. M. Butler, PhD, M. Stoddard, PhD, A. M. Moran, MD, T. G. Liou, MD, and W. J. Morgan, MD, for the Advisors, Investigators, and Coordinators of the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis, Salt Lake City, Utah, South San Francisco, California, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Tucson, Arizona
50 YEARS AGO IN THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS—VIRAL HEPATITIS AND ITS RISK FROM BLOOD AND PLASMA TRANSFUSIONS
George R. Buchanan, MD, Dallas, Texas
POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR CEREBRAL EDEMA IN PEDIATRIC DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
Sarah E. Lawrence, MD, FRCPC, Elizabeth A. Cummings, MD, FRCPC, Isabelle Gaboury, MSc, and Denis Daneman, MB, FRCPC, Ottawa, Halifax, and Toronto, Canada
MEDICAL PROGRESS
THE GLOBAL SPREAD OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, MD, and Philip Zeitler, MD, PhD, Rananna, Israel, and Denver, Colorado
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