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In one of the first studies of its kind, UCLA researchers used a unique brain scan to assess the levels of plaques and tangles — the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease — in adults with Down syndrome. The finding may offer an additional clinical tool to help diagnose dementia in adults with Down syndrome. Adults with this disorder develop Alzheimer's-like plaque and tangle deposits early, often before the age of 40.

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first clinical trial in humans of a new technology: Cornell Dots, brightly glowing nanoparticles that can light up cancer cells in PET-optical imaging.

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Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine discovered a genetic factor that can regulate obesity-induced inflammation that contributes to chronic diseases. If the factor can be controlled, it may provide treatment for obesity, diabetes, heart disease and cancer.

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Leading researchers, scientists, medical and surgical professionals from all over the world gather here at the 28th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) this week (June 12 to June 17) to present new findings on obesity, morbid obesity, bariatric and metabolic surgery.

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The Aurora A kinase may contribute to polycystic kidney disease (PKD) by inactivating a key calcium channel in kidney cells, according to a study in the June 13 issue of The Journal of Cell Biology.

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A paper published online on June 13 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine identifies new gene mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)—a disease often associated with lack of response to chemotherapy and poor overall survival.

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Contrary to McMaster researchers' findings, the American Academy of Pediatrics recently recommended that screening for autism be incorporated into routine practice, such as a child’s regular physician check-up, regardless of whether a concern has been raised by the parents. In a study in the online edition of the journal Pediatrics, McMaster researchers say there is “not enough sound evidence to support the implementation of a routine population-based screening program for autism.”

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How likely are you to repurchase a stock you sold? Professor Terrance Odean, who studies behavioral finance at the University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business, found that that trading patterns involving previously owned stock are driven by a desire to avoid or at least limit anticipated regret. In other words, investors are likely to repurchase a stock if the sale boosts feelings of satisfaction.

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A team of researchers have discovered that, on average, thirty mutations are transmitted from each parent to their child, revising previous estimations and revolutionizing the timescale we use to calculate the number of generations separating us from other species.

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The use of bariatric surgery among older, severely obese patients was not associated with a decreased risk of death, according to a study in the June 15 issue of JAMA. This study is being released early online to coincide with its presentation at the AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting.

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Among Medicare patients with heart attack in 4 California counties, diversion of ambulance traffic by the nearest emergency department for 12 hours or more was associated with an increased risk of death for up to one year, according to a study in the June 15 issue of JAMA. This study is being released early online to coincide with its presentation at the AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting.

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George Berci, MD, FACS, FRCS, Ed. (Hon), is the recipient of the 2011 Jacobson Innovation Award of the American College of Surgeons

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The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services today added eight substances to its Report on Carcinogens, a science-based document that identifies chemicals and biological agents that may put people at increased risk for cancer.

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Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) used as a weaning technique for mechanically ventilated patients can shorten intubation time and may reduce the risk of post-extubation acute respiratory failure (ARF), according to French researchers. They also found that NIV used as a post-intubation rescue therapy could significantly reduce the risk of reintubation and death.

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Receiving radiation therapy immediately after a radical prostatectomy is a cost-effective treatment for prostate cancer patients when compared with waiting and acting on elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, according to a new study by researchers at Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital.

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A century after the discovery of superfluids, scientists using a powerful supercomputer have devised a theoretical framework that explains the real-time behavior of superfluids.

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Writing in the current online issue (June 9) of the journal Science, a team led by University of Wisconsin-Madison chemistry Professor Shannon Stahl reports a new, environmentally friendly way to make substituted aromatic molecules that can be customized for different industrial needs.

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Whitehead Institute researchers have identified signals impinging on breast epithelial cells that can induce those cells to acquire and stably display migratory and self-renewing characteristics. Interrupting these and other extracellular signals strips the various types of stem cells of the migratory and self-renewal abilities used by cancer stem cells to seed new tumors.

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Researchers have given us new insights into how a species of air-breathing spider can spend its whole life under water, only venturing to the surface occasionally to replenish its air supply.

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Older people who regularly exercise at a moderate to intense level may be less likely to develop the small brain lesions, sometimes referred to as “silent strokes,” that are the first sign of cerebrovascular disease, according to a new study published in the June 8, 2011, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN).

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Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have identified a key player in the spread of breast cancer. The findings, published today in the online edition of Nature, identify a critical molecule that helps cancer spread beyond the primary tumor. The research highlights a potential new strategy against metastatic disease. The study’s senior author is Jeffrey Pollard, Ph.D., professor of developmental and molecular biology and of obstetrics & gynecology and women’s health at Einstein.

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A University of Wisconsin-Madison research team has solved a 25-year mystery that may lead to better treatments for people with learning deficits and mental retardation.

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Ursolic acid -- a waxy substance found in apple peel -- reduces muscle wasting and promotes muscle growth in mice; it also reduces fat, blood sugar levels, cholesterol and triglycerides. The U. Iowa findings suggest that ursolic acid may be useful for treating muscle wasting and possibly metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

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Exposure in the womb to bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical widely used in the food and medical industries, causes changes in female primates’ uterus development, new research suggests. The results will be presented Tuesday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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A decline in testosterone levels as men grow older is likely the result—not the cause—of deteriorating general health, say Australian scientists, whose new study finds that age, in itself, has no effect on testosterone level in healthy older men.

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Women who gain too much weight during pregnancy tend to have newborns with a high amount of body fat, regardless of the mother’s weight before pregnancy, a new study finds. The results will be presented Tuesday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Heart function may be affected in people with Type 2 diabetes as early as adolescence, according to a new study that will be presented Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Blocking two tiny molecules of RNA – a chemical cousin of DNA – appears to suppress the abnormal growth of blood vessels that occurs in degenerative eye disorders, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have found.

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An analysis of several studies shows that people with Parkinson’s disease have a significantly higher risk of melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer and the leading cause of death from skin diseases. The research is published in the June 7, 2011, print issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

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A study led by researchers at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science shows that jellyfish can drastically alter marine food webs by shunting food energy from fish toward bacteria.

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Experts from The Cancer Institute, an NCI-designated cancer center, at NYU Langone Medical Center presented new research findings at the 47th American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2011 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL. The conference was held June 3-7, 2011 and scientists from the NYU Cancer Institute discussed various new research findings in melanoma, breast cancer, head & neck cancer , prostate cancer and pediatric oncology.

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Yo-yo dieters may be healthier and live longer than those who stay obese, a new Ohio University study finds.

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Post-menopausal women have better memory after daily treatment with a testosterone spray for six months, a new preliminary study finds. The results will be presented Saturday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Patients in the intensive care unit who do not tolerate adequate nutrition from tube feeding should wait a week before receiving intravenous (IV) feeding because, compared with early IV feeding, it enhances recovery from critical illness. Results of a new multicenter study from Belgium will be presented Saturday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Overweight girls lose more weight and can better stay on a healthy diet if they eat sugar-free, low-fat desserts several times weekly, as opposed to any dessert once a week, a new study finds. The results will be reported Monday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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A lower dose of zoledronic acid than currently recommended for prevention of bone fractures due to osteoporosis decreases bone resorption and increases bone density, and may be effective in reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures, a study finds. The new research findings will be presented Monday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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A new study comparing lifelong obesity with the weight fluctuations of “yo-yo dieting” suggests it is better to attempt to lose weight despite repeated failures at keeping the weight off than to not diet and remain obese. The results will be presented Monday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Women who have higher levels of the appetite-controlling hormone leptin have fewer symptoms of depression, and this apparent inverse relationship is not related to body mass index (BMI), a new study finds. On Monday the results will be presented at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Among those presenting at this year's American Society of Clinical Oncologists meeting are physician-scientists from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center. The meeting takes place June 3–7, at McCormick Place, Chicago.

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A natural nutritional supplement, marketed for the last decade as a sexual aid, has been shown to significantly improve overall quality of life for female cancer survivors, according to researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.

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To fully optimize a drug therapy for osteoporosis and low bone mineral density, patients should maintain vitamin D levels above the limits recently recommended by the Institute of Medicine, according to a new study by researchers from Hospital for Special Surgery.

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Among those presenting at this year's American Society of Clinical Oncologists meeting are physician-scientists from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center. The meeting takes place June 3–7, at McCormick Place, Chicago.

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A test that shows how many eggs a woman has in her ovaries may help young women with breast cancer know what their reproductive function will be after chemotherapy, a new study finds. The results will be presented Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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A new targeted therapy for prostate cancer halts tumor growth in animals with advanced prostate cancer that is resistant to hormone therapy, a new study finds. The results will be presented Saturday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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A modest reduction in consumption of carbohydrate foods may promote loss of deep belly fat, even with little or no change in weight, a new study finds. Presentation of the study results will be Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine have shown in an animal study that transplantation of adult stem cells enriched with a bone-regenerating hormone can help mend bone fractures that are not healing properly.

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A common hormone abnormality in older adults—a mild form of overactive thyroid called subclinical hyperthyroidism—is linked to a much higher risk of dying, a new study finds. The results will be presented Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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A new study suggests that many adults have large amounts of brown fat, the “good” fat that burns calories to keep us warm, and that it may be possible to make even more of this tissue.

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Obesity is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, but weight loss due to bariatric surgery may reduce the risk of this common dementia, a new study suggests. The results will be presented Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

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Young female athletes who have stopped menstruating have a weakening in the quality of their bone structure that may predispose them to breaking a bone, despite getting plenty of weight-bearing exercise, a new study finds. The results will be presented Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.