Boot Camp for the Immune System
Harvard Medical SchoolResearchers identify new mechanism that teaches immune cells-in-training to spare the body’s own tissues while attacking pathogens.
Researchers identify new mechanism that teaches immune cells-in-training to spare the body’s own tissues while attacking pathogens.
A new study in mice describes how different cell types in the brain work together to suppress nausea
Researchers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have been studying the role of the two proteins tenascin C and tenascin R in multiple sclerosis. In this disease, cells of the immune system destroy the myelin sheaths, i.e. the sheaths of the nerve cells.
University of Sheffield research collaboration with Stanford University reveals why some healthy adults with the COVID-19 infection become seriously ill, whilst others have few symptoms
Researchers have uncovered a new function for alpha-synuclein, a well-known protein marker of Parkinson’s, with relevance toward treatment for the disease
A robotic finger with living skin tissue points to future manufacturing methods.
A new tool can quickly and reliably identify the presence of Ebola virus in blood samples, according to a study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and colleagues at other institutions.
The interest of scientists in adult stem cells resides in their ability to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into all cell types making up the organ where they reside.
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a region of the brain that has been almost exclusively studied in the context of fear and emotion.
UC San Diego researchers report that the causes and death rates of liver cancer are changing around the world.
Researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have applied a novel stem cell model to map disease risk variants in human neurons, which could help provide insights into the biological mechanisms that underlie neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
"Just understanding the immune responses to these vaccines will help us integrate what is successful into vaccine designs going forward.”
According to a new University of Kentucky College of Medicine study, asymptomatic COVID-19 infection during pregnancy could still have potential long-term consequences for a developing baby. The study led by Ilhem Messoudi, Ph.D., chair of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, was published in Cell Reports May 25. The research shows that COVID-19 infection in pregnant mothers who were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms still triggered immune responses causing inflammation in the placenta.
A stomach adult stem cell population can fulfill two distinct functions: either help with digestion under normal conditions or take the lead on injury response.
Processes in the human body could turn groups of harmless immune cells into ruthless killers, capable of attacking other cells infected with viruses or parasites, and potentially tumour cells, a new study reveals.
New research from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and collaborators from other institutions provides insights into some of the genetic characteristics resulting in the development of relapse in patients with Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), the most common type of pediatric cancer of the kidney.
The cornea - the transparent protective outer layer of the eye critical to helping us see – produces a delicate and limited immune response to fight infections without damaging our vision, according to a ground-breaking new study from the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute).
The surface of a coral is rugged. Its hard skeleton is populated by polyps that stretch their tentacles into the surrounding water to filter out food.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified a previously unknown function for the fragile X protein, the loss of which is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. The researchers showed that the protein modulates how neurons in the brain’s memory center process information, a central part of learning and memory.
New research describes a “chaperone” protein that delivers zinc, a trace element essential for survival in all living things, to where it’s needed. The chaperone could be especially important when access to zinc is limited—for example in nutrient deficient diets and for growing crops on depleted soils.
New research from scientists at UC Davis Health provides clues for how friendly bacteria in the gut — probiotics — may help eradicate bacterial pathogens like Salmonella by being able to compete with them for needed resources.
… Given the important function of PTBP1 in directing lineage choice in diverse stem cell systems and the overall relevance of mRNA splicing in hematopoiesis, we hypothesized that PTBP1 might play a role as a regulator of posttranscriptional …
A study led by UC Davis Cancer Center identified a binding protein in cancer cell’s nucleus, known as CHD4, as a critical agent keeping Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) dormant and undetected by the body’s immune system. CHD4 is linked to cancer cell growth in many types of cancers.
Researchers from the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) in Barcelona, Spain, have identified the role of an amino acid in humans, mice and flies suffering depression.
In a new study published in the journal Cell Reports, Moffitt Cancer Center researchers show that cancer cells in an acidic environment undergo lipid synthesis and accumulation. The team identified the key signaling molecules responsible for these changes and discovered that these alterations are associated with poor outcomes and disease progression among breast cancer patients.
This Backstory describes the development of a research article published in Cell Stem Cell that was originally submitted to Community Review, a program wherein a manuscript is simultaneously considered at multiple Cell Press journals. The article, a
… stem cell … stem cell state, accompanied by altered niche requirements and a mature chief cell/secretory phenotype. Following the constitutive expression of p57 in vivo, chief cells showed an impaired injury response. Thus, p57 is a gatekeeper …
… In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Ma et al. demonstrate that the activation of the nuclear receptor thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) improves the differentiation status of hepatocyte-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. … In this …
… programs maintaining stem cell integrity have been identified, safety mechanisms eliminating malignant HSPCs from the stem cell pool … HSPCs and antigen-specific CD4 + T cells, causing stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and specific exhaustion …
… In this study, we demonstrated that TET2 deficiency impaired muscle stem cell proliferation and differentiation, leading to notable changes in mouse body weight and muscle morphology during development. We further assayed the genome-wide …
Stimulation of certain cerebellar areas could help combat absence seizures.
Using second-long electrical shocks, UC San Diego scientists discovered they could control the types of cells in a community of bacteria. Being able to direct the ratio of cells holds implications for settings spanning agriculture to health care, where antibiotic resistance is a significant threat.
A planetary scientist worked with engineers to measure the physical limits of a liquid for salty water under high pressure. Results suggest where robotic missions should look for life on the ice-covered oceans of Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan.
Too many women are getting unnecessary mastectomies and other invasive procedures because of a knowledge gap about differences in cancer genes. A new study offers a path to closing the gap.
Elevated levels of an enzyme called PHGDH in the blood of older adults could be an early warning sign of Alzheimer’s disease. Research led by UC San Diego has consistently found high levels of PHGDH expression in brain tissue and blood samples of older adults with different stages of the disease.
… In this review, biomaterial-based advances to improve the physiological outcome of stem cell transplantation are described. The review does not aim to provide a comprehensive list of all biofunctional materials described in the literature but …
… This review focuses on the key processes and guidelines for clinical translation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)derived β cells for diabetes cell therapy. Here, we discuss the (1) key considerations of manufacturing clinical-grade hiPSCs …
Exosomes are known to transmit microRNAs (miRNAs) to affect human cancer progression, and miR-17-5p has been manifested to exert facilitated effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, while the role of tumor stem cells-derived …
… a decline in nutrient availability is likely to provide insight into the metabolic regulation of stem cell behavior in other tissues and organisms. … Taken together, our data describe one mechanism by which a transcription factor controls stem cell …
… This article briefly introduced the regulatory framework development, the progress in stem cell clinical researches and clinical trials of commercially developed stem cell-based products, as well as the clinical review concerns of stem cell-based products in …
… Owing to the fact that MSC-derived exosomes can further control stem cell differentiation by carrying and transferring miRNAs, stem cell-based exosome therapeutic regimens have been highlighted as effective means for cardiac …
In a new brain-wide circuit tracing study, scientists at MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory focused selective attention on a circuit that governs, fittingly enough, selective attention.
In proof-of-concept experiments, Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists say they have successfully cultivated human muscle stem cells capable of renewing themselves and repairing muscle tissue damage in mice, potentially advancing efforts to treat muscle injuries and muscle-wasting disorders in people.
A test of protein in the blood gets further support as a biomarker for patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a group of brain disorders with few treatment options. These disorders are characterized by changes in behavior, cognition, language or movement.
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Reilly et al. propose loss of LMNB1, the gene encoding lamin B1, often deleted in MDS/AML, as a novel genetic basis for the abnormal nuclear shape of neutrophils (known as acquired Pelger-Huët anomaly) and a cause o
Despite the surrounding controversy, quantitative sex-based differences exist in the human brain. In a recent issue of Nature, Kelava et al. shed light on the mechanisms underlying increased brain volume and neuron density in males, while highlighti
Efficient maturation of in vitro-generated cells remains a challenge and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here Wickramasinghe and colleagues show that PPAR signaling acts in an isoform-specific manner to enhance metabolic and electrop
Our study comprehensively reveals the spatiotemporal dynamics of regional specification and state transition in the microglia of the developing human brain. By comparing microglia from mice and humans, we assess the conservation of state transitions
Du et al. discover a chemical cocktail of five small molecules (5SM) promoting adult mammalian CM proliferation and heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. 5SM potentially targets α1 adrenergic receptor, JAK1, DYRKs, PTEN, and MCT1 and make
Du et al. transplanted β cells derived from pluripotent stem cells in diabetic monkeys for the first time, as an intermediate stage toward clinical translation. They observed benefits unfolding over months but also observed immune rejection of the