The 2022 SOT Award recipients represent outstanding individuals in academia, industry, and government whose work in chemical exposures and effects, genetic risk factors, radiation effects, new approach methodologies, the microbiome, and more is improving understanding of health risks.
Results of a new study by researchers at Case Western Reserve University represent a step toward improving our understanding of Crohn’s disease and the factors that cause its intestinal inflammation.
Recent work shows that the plant microbiome—the microorganisms in a plant and its immediate environment—influences plant health, survival, and fitness. New research on the microbiome of several types of poplar trees found that the composition of the microbiome changed dramatically over time, and the trees’ genetic makeup proved to be less of a factor than researchers had expected.
A mélange of mini science stories from Berkeley Lab, December 2021.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced a plan to provide up to $36 million for basic research into microbial processes and community interactions in natural systems.
Researchers have identified metabolites, intermediate or end products of metabolism, in the human microbiome that inhibit COVID-19 infection in cell-based models of the virus.
Perturbing the gut microbiome with antibiotics during early life leads to a reduction in amyloid plaques in male mice in adulthood — and microglia are a critical component of the effect.
Researchers will study how pandemic-related stressors influence sexual behavior and risk of sexually transmitted infections among girls and young women in Kenya, where a dramatic increase in infections has been revealed in preliminary data, compared to 12-18 months prior.
Scientists know that ethylene comes from microbes, but the only known natural microbial processes that produce ethylene require oxygen. But now a team of scientists have discovered an enzyme system from bacteria called methylthio-alkane reductases that work without oxygen, instead scavenging sulfur to produce ethylene, ethane, or methane as a byproduct. The research may have applications in biofuels.
A team led by NIBIB scientists has developed hardware and software innovations to construct super-resolution, 3D confocal images of fine structures in living samples.
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Mice fed a diet high in fat, cholesterol and calories, akin to the Western diet, had higher measures of blood lipids associated with elevated levels of inflammation, a new UCLA study finds.
COVID-19 saliva testing kits that include a novel preservative can also be used measure microscopic organisms in the mouth, a Rutgers study found. This enables study of the relationship between mouth and lung microbes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus that may allow for the development of new treatments.
The tiny cosmos of organisms living on a streamer of algae in a river could help scientists learn what turns an environment from healthy to toxic and back again. A multidisciplinary team led by NAU has won $3 million from the NSF to translate the codex contained in the microbiome of common algae into computer algorithms that can predict a wide range of microbial interactions.
Exercise increases the body’s own cannabis-like substances, which in turn helps reduce inflammation and could potentially help treat certain conditions such as arthritis, cancer and heart disease.
In an unusual study, researchers brought vampire bats from distant Panamanian populations together for four months in a laboratory setting and tracked how the bats’ gut microbes changed over time.
Research in mice demonstrates how diet alters a gut microbe molecule that, in turn, prompts immune cells to downregulate inflammation.
Few techniques exist to measure cell-by-cell metabolic variations, a powerful way to understand cell responses. Researchers from Stony Brook University demonstrated in a published study that Raman microspectroscopy can accurately measure cell-by-cell variations in growth rates of the bacterium E. coli.
Close-up of E. coli bacteria. Tae Seok Moon, professor in the McKelvey School of Engineering, has designed a biosensor, using E. coli as a starting point from which to build a system that can detect individual chemicals in a person's gut.
Customized molecular tools identify specific microbial functions that are key to healthy people and environments.
Researchers gleaned their results by analyzing blood and biopsy samples from two groups totalling 18 people with Crohn’s disease, comparing them to a matching number of people from two healthy control groups. A mouse model of IBD was also used. Khan said his study was the first demonstration of the interaction between serotonin, autophagy and gut microbiota in intestinal inflammation. The paper was published by Science Advances today. Sabah Haq, a PhD student who works with Khan, is first author.
Ecologists know that adding more plant food that prey animals eat can also benefit predators. Scientists wanted to know if the same principles apply in bacterial food webs. They found that predatory bacteria grow faster and consume more resources than non-predators, and they use predatory behavior and physical features to hunt and feast on prey bacteria.
Cleveland Clinic researchers have shown for the first time that diet-associated molecules in the gut are associated with aggressive prostate cancer, suggesting dietary interventions may help reduce risk. Findings from the study were published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
In a novel, broad assessment of bacterial-fungal interactions, researchers using unique bioinformatics found that fungi host a remarkable diversity of bacteria, making bacterial-fungal interactions far more common and diverse than previously known.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identify a strain of bacteria on healthy cats that produces antibiotics against severe skin infections. The findings may soon lead to new bacteriotherapies for humans and their pets, wherein cat bacteria is applied via topical cream or spray.
Scientists specializing in research on sex and gender differences in diseases of the cardiovascular, renal, endocrine and immune systems will meet virtually October 19–22, 2021, for the American Physiological Society’s (APS) New Trends in Sex and Gender Medicine conference.
Cholera is still an enormous problem. An acute diarrheal disease, there have been seven major pandemics in the last two hundred years.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai have found that aging produces significant changes in the microbiome of the human small intestine distinct from those caused by medications or illness burden. The findings have been published in the journal Cell Reports.
A high-fat diet increases the incidence of colorectal cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Fellow Semir Beyaz and collaborators from Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology have discovered that in mice, fat disrupts the relationship between intestinal cells and the immune cells that patrol them looking for emerging tumors.
这项发表在《基因组医学》（Genome Medicine）上的研究发现，通过关注胃肠道中数万亿的细菌、病毒和真菌，即肠道微生物组，可以预测类风湿性关节炎患者的未来预后。研究结果表明，肠道微生物与类风湿性关节炎患者的预后有关。
لقد وجدت الدراسة، المنشورة في مجلة طب الجينوم، أن التنبؤ بمآل مرض التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي للمريض قد يكون ممكنًا من خلال التركيز على تريليونات البكتيريا والفيروسات والفطريات التي تعيش في السبيل المَعدي المَعوي، والمعروفة باسم الحَيُّوم الدقيق للأمعاء
O estudo, publicado na Genome Medicine, descobriu que a previsão do futuro prognóstico de artrite reumatoide de um paciente poderia ser possível ao direcionar o foco para os trilhões de bactérias, vírus e fungos que habitam o trato gastrointestinal, conhecido como microbioma intestinal.
El estudio se publicó en Genome Medicine y descubrió que posiblemente se puede predecir el futuro de la artritis reumatoide de un paciente al dirigir la atención hacia los billones de bacterias, virus y hongos que habitan en el tracto gastrointestinal, conocidos como microbioma intestinal.
Endothelin (ET) researchers from across the globe will meet virtually October 4–7, 2021, at the Seventeenth International Conference on Endothelin (ET-17), hosted and organized by the American Physiological Society (APS).
Researchers reporting in ACS’ Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry have found that levels of volatile, sulfurous compounds are similar in parent-child pairs, suggesting shared oral microbiomes. They also found that high levels cause children to dislike the vegetables.
Researchers are finding a link between the increased presence of certain bacteria in a gut biome and colon cancer.
A study recently published in Nature Communications suggests that displacing cold-water communities of algae with warm-adapted ones threatens to destabilize the delicate marine food web. The team was led by University of East Anglia researchers and included DOE Joint Genome Institute researchers.
Gut microbiota influences the ability to lose weight in humans, according to new research. The findings were published this week in mSystems, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.
Eating yogurt containing a particular strain of a well-studied probiotic appears to protect against harmful changes in the gut microbiome that are associated with antibiotic administration.
A significant indicator of whether a patient with rheumatoid arthritis will improve over the course of disease may lie in part in their gut, according to new research from Mayo Clinic's Center for Individualized Medicine. The study, published in Genome Medicine, found that predicting a patient's future rheumatoid arthritis prognosis could be possible by zeroing in on the trillions of bacteria, viruses and fungi that inhabit their gastrointestinal tract, known as the gut microbiome. The findings suggest that gut microbes and a patient's outcome of rheumatoid arthritis are connected.
MD Anderson and SNIPR BIOME have announced a strategic collaboration to advance next-generation CRISPR-based microbiome therapies to reduce immune-related side effects in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
The gut microbiome can impact us in a variety of different ways, from our metabolism to our mood. Now, NIBIB-funded researchers are investigating if a fiber-based gel can restore beneficial microbes in the gut to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, a type of cancer immunotherapy treatment, in mice.
Using computer simulations and a simple theoretical model, a new paper shows how bacteria could adapt to a fluctuating environment by learning its statistical regularities — for example, which nutrients tend to be correlated — and do so faster than evolutionary trial-and-error would normally allow.
Extremely premature infants are at a high risk for brain damage. Researchers at the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna have now found possible targets for the early treatment of such damage outside the brain: Bacteria in the gut of premature infants may play a key role. The research team found that the overgrowth of the gastrointestinal tract with the bacterium Klebsiella is associated with an increased presence of certain immune cells and the development of neurological damage in premature babies. The study is now published in journal Cell Host & Microbe.
妙佑医疗国际(Mayo Clinic) 和Wellesley学院的研究人员在《内分泌学与代谢学动态》（Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism）上发表的一篇评论文章中着重讨论了类固醇对肠道和阴道微生物组的相互作用如何影响女性的健康结果。
ركز باحثو مايو كلينك وكلية ويلزلي على كيفية تأثير تفاعلات الستيرويدات في الحيّومات الدقيقة المهبلية والمعوية على النتائج الصحية للمرأة في مراجعة نُشرت في مجلة اتجاهات في علم الغدد الصماء والأيض.
Pesquisadores da Mayo Clinic e do Wellesley College se concentraram em como as interações dos esteroides nos microbiomas intestinais e vaginais influenciam a saúde da mulher em uma análise publicada na revista médica Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.
En una revisión publicada en Tendencias en Endocrinología y Metabolismo, los investigadores de Mayo Clinic y de Wellesley College se concentraron en cómo influye sobre la salud femenina la interacción entre hormonas esteroideas, microbiota vaginal y microbiota intestinal.
A buildup of coronavirus in the lungs is likely behind the steep mortality rates seen in the pandemic, a new study finds. The results contrast with previous suspicions that simultaneous infections, such as bacterial pneumonia or overreaction of the body’s immune defense system, played major roles in heightened risk of death, the investigators say.
Drawing on SLAC facilities, Australian researchers have revealed how Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria obtain manganese from our bodies, which could lead to better therapies to target the pathogen.
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