Feature Channels: Addiction

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Analysis reveals similar changes in the brain’s functioning in both humans and mouse models

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Whether you call them comfort foods, highly processed foods, junk foods, empty calories or just some of Americans’ favorite foods and drinks, about 13% of Americans aged 50 to 80 have an unhealthy relationship with them.

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For teens at elevated risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD), close relationships with parents can help mitigate their genetic and environmental vulnerability, a new study suggests. The offspring of people with AUD are four times more likely than others to develop the disorder. Increasing evidence suggests that this heritable risk may be either amplified or mitigated by the quality of parenting.

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Indiana University researchers have potentially discovered a new way to block the brain’s reward response to opioids, reducing their potential for addiction without reducing their therapeutic aspects.

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A jerk is a physical quantity that represents a sudden change of acceleration. It is widely used as a parameter in engineering, manufacturing, sports science, and other industries.

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New insights into the opposing actions of serotonin-producing nerve fibres in mice could lead to drugs for treating addictions and major depression.

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Here are some of the latest articles that have been added to the Winter Holidays channel on Newswise.

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Wastewater sampling has shown the significant impact of removing the strong painkiller codeine from pharmacy counters to a prescription-only medication since 2018 in Australia. The move has led to a 37 per cent drop in codeine use, cutting dependency and potentially saving lives.

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Here are some of the latest articles that have been added to the Behavioral Science channel on Newswise, a free source for journalists.

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Giving some homeless mothers with young children a place to live may do little to help them if it is not combined with support services, a first-of-its-kind study showed.

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Children who have experienced deprivation are more likely to make more impulsive choices than those who don’t and can lead to addictions in later life - research has shown.

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Los científicos de Mayo Clinic han creado modelos en miniatura de cerebros 3D creados en laboratorio a partir de células humanas para estudiar la adicción a los opioides y la respuesta al tratamiento para los opioides. Como resultado, el equipo ha descubierto cambios en neuronas cerebrales específicas de personas diagnosticadas con trastorno por consumo de opioides. El nuevo estudio, publicado en Molecular Psychiatry, ayuda a clarificar un posible objetivo terapéutico y se suma al conocimiento de la vía de la adicción a los opioides. 

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Cientistas da Mayo Clinic desenvolveram em laboratório modelos 3D de cérebros em miniatura a partir de células humanas para estudar a dependência de opioides e a resposta ao tratamento com essas substâncias. Como resultado, a equipe descobriu alterações em células cerebrais específicas de pessoas diagnosticadas com transtorno por uso de opioides. O novo estudo, publicado na revista Molecular Psychiatry, ajuda a esclarecer um possível alvo terapêutico e contribui para conhecer o caminho da dependência de opioides. 

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A new study led by researchers at the American Cancer Society shows overall sales of nicotine pouches increased during 2019-2022. The data also showed sales of 8mg nicotine concentration level (highest available) products rose more rapidly than those with different concentration levels.

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Fifty-five percent of CareConnect’s patients with opioid use disorder had an active prescription for treatment a month after first engaging with the program

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Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine posit that a region of the brain that Francis Crick thought to impart consciousness may have been incorrect: They developed a new theory — built on data — that the claustrum behaves more like a high-speed internet router, taking in executive commands from “boss” areas of the brain’s cortex that forms complex thoughts to generate “networks” in the cortex.

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Cocaine disrupts the balance of microbes in the guts of mice, part of a cycle of waxing and waning neurochemicals that can enhance the drug’s effects in the brain. But the same chemicals may also be harnessed to prevent addiction, according to new research from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.Cocaine increases levels of a hormone called norepinephrine in users’ intestines, triggering an explosion of growth of proteobacteria, a family of microbes that includes the common and sometimes harmful bacterium E.

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Two habits are riskier than one when it comes to surgery-related problems, according to a new study of cigarette and alcohol use before an operation. A second study shows coaching about drinking-related surgical risks in the weeks before their operation helped patients cut their drinking in half on average.

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Can highly processed foods be addictive?

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Lowering the amount of nicotine in cigarettes to non-addictive levels may reduce smoking without worsening mental health in smokers with mood or anxiety disorders, according to College of Medicine researchers.

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Rutgers researchers find that patients in treatment for opioid use disorder are more likely to stay in treatment if they participate in multiple outpatient visits early in their care.

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Here are some of the latest articles that have been added to the Drugs and drug abuse channel.

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Although there has been no decrease in the number of opioid prescriptions seniors receive after surgery, the doses of those prescriptions are lower, according to a study of more than a quarter million Canadian patients being presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY® 2022 annual meeting.

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Researchers at the Miller School are looking for solutions to the continued effects of alcohol use, its harmful impact, and treatment. Understanding the mechanisms of alcohol abuse has gained importance, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher alcohol consumption led to an increased burden of pancreatic diseases in society.

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Researchers are combining psychological principles with innovative virtual reality technology to create a new immersive therapy for people with substance use disorders.

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As the nation ponders the future of temporary pandemic-era telehealth rules, a new study suggests that phone calls and video chats may play an important role in leveling the playing field for medication-based treatment for opioid addiction.

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Study results suggest the pre-frontal cortex-habenula circuit is potentially amenable for targeted interventions and prevention.

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Neuroscientists from the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) report in Science Advances that star-shaped brain cells known as astrocytes can “turn off” neurons involved in relapse to heroin.

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Clemson geneticists Trudy Mackay and Robert Anholt will work to discover why some people become addicted to drugs while others don't.

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The Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI) will help establish a new nationwide center that will accelerate and expand the dissemination of the latest research on addiction and overdose to help communities devastated by the opioid crisis.

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Public health researchers have found that opioid deaths in Cook County have been undercounted by up to 15%. In their analysis, the researchers found that the overdose deaths most likely to be missed were those among patients over age 50, patients with a diagnosis of malignant cancer, or patients admitted to the hospital or in the hospital for at least four days.

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An automated process that combines natural language processing and machine learning identified people who inject drugs (PWID) in electronic health records more quickly and accurately than current methods that rely on manual record reviews.

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One of every four children in the United States has a parent wrestling with drug or alcohol addiction, based on national data, and is at risk of developing a substance use disorder later in life. To break that cycle and give adults in those kids’ lives the tools to make a difference, West Virginia University’s Project TRAIN has expanded its program, originally focused on enabling K-12 teachers to support students affected by addiction, to youth camps statewide.

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Sanford Burnham Prebys Professor Nicholas Cosford, Ph.D., has been awarded $6.4M from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to test new potential drugs to treat opioid and methamphetamine use disorders. The three-year project will be completed with partners from Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Camino Pharma, LLC.