Filters close
Newswise: Study Suggests Racial Discrimination During Midlife Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology Later in Life
8-Apr-2024 7:00 AM EDT
Study Suggests Racial Discrimination During Midlife Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology Later in Life
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Racial discrimination experienced during midlife is associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology, according to a new study from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine and the University of Georgia. The findings appear online today in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.

Released: 27-Mar-2024 10:05 AM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Advocate Health and Vysnova Partners Awarded $3.4 Million Contract by CDC to Lead Large-Scale Sexually Transmitted Infection Research Project
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Advocate Health and Vysnova Partners have been awarded a $3.4 million, four-year contract to study HIV, Mpox and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Newswise: Study Shows Differences in How Patients with Impulse Control Disorder Process Consequences
Released: 4-Mar-2024 8:00 AM EST
Study Shows Differences in How Patients with Impulse Control Disorder Process Consequences
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

In a new study, published online today in Scientific Reports, researchers found differences in how people with ICD process the consequences of their actions compared to those without ICD, both on and off medication.

Newswise: Research Study on Novel Rehab Program for Heart Failure Patients, Led by Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Expands to Advocate Health Site in Chicago
Released: 22-Feb-2024 7:05 PM EST
Research Study on Novel Rehab Program for Heart Failure Patients, Led by Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Expands to Advocate Health Site in Chicago
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Wake Forest University School of Medicine, the academic core of Advocate Health, is expanding another research study to Advocate Christ Medical Center, in Oak Lawn, Illinois, just outside Chicago. The study, which is testing a novel rehabilitation program designed for older patients hospitalized with acute heart failure, is funded by a five-year, $30 million grant, awarded to Wake Forest University School of Medicine in 2022 by the National Institute on Aging, part of the National Institutes of Health.

Released: 20-Feb-2024 5:05 PM EST
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Launches Translational Eye and Vision Research Center
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Wake Forest University School of Medicine has launched a new Translational Eye and Vision Research Center, located inside Biotech Place, in Innovation Quarter in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Leaders envision the center serving as a visionary hub that will redefine the landscape of eye and vision research.

Not for public release

This news release is embargoed until 15-Feb-2024 7:00 AM EST Released to reporters: 14-Feb-2024 10:05 AM EST

A reporter's PressPass is required to access this story until the embargo expires on 15-Feb-2024 7:00 AM EST The Newswise PressPass gives verified journalists access to embargoed stories. Please log in to complete a presspass application. If you have not yet registered, please Register. When you fill out the registration form, please identify yourself as a reporter in order to advance to the presspass application form.

Newswise: Neural Prosthetic Device Can Help Humans Restore Memory
Released: 13-Feb-2024 11:05 AM EST
Neural Prosthetic Device Can Help Humans Restore Memory
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

A team of scientists from Wake Forest University School of Medicine and the University of Southern California (USC) have demonstrated the first successful use of a neural prosthetic device to recall specific memories.

Newswise: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Awarded $160 Million 10-Year U.S. National Science Foundation Regional Innovation Engines Grant
25-Jan-2024 9:05 AM EST
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Awarded $160 Million 10-Year U.S. National Science Foundation Regional Innovation Engines Grant
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) is the recipient of an inaugural U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Engines Program award. The NSF Engines: Piedmont Triad Regenerative Medicine Engine is a regional project that provides an innovation ecosystem to stimulate workforce development, job creation, and economic growth through the development of technologies that benefit the emerging industry.

   
Released: 22-Jan-2024 1:05 PM EST
Scientists Identify Mutations That Cause Inherited Kidney Disease
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine and the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, have discovered a new genetic cause of inherited kidney disease.

Newswise: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) to lead $40 Million initiative for AFIRM Consortium
Released: 22-Jan-2024 12:00 PM EST
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) to lead $40 Million initiative for AFIRM Consortium
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, part of Wake Forest University School of Medicine, has been selected to lead the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM) Consortium.

   
Released: 14-Dec-2023 12:05 PM EST
Researchers Approved for $9.9 Million Award to Study Effectiveness of Strategies to Reduce Disparities in Blood Pressure Control for Black Patients
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Researchers at Atrium Health and Wake Forest University School of Medicine have been approved for a $9.9 million research funding award from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), for a five-year study called “Remote Hypertension Tracking Help and Management to Reduce Disparities in Black Patients (RHYTHM-B).”

Released: 13-Dec-2023 2:20 PM EST
WFIRM and Partnering Institutions Awarded Five-Year, $6 Million Grant on Kidney, Urology, and Hematology Research
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) has received a $6 million grant from the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health.

Newswise: Research Shows Human Behavior Guided by Fast Changes in Dopamine Levels
Released: 1-Dec-2023 9:05 AM EST
Research Shows Human Behavior Guided by Fast Changes in Dopamine Levels
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

A new study from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine shows that dopamine release in the human brain plays a crucial role in encoding both reward and punishment prediction errors.

Released: 30-Nov-2023 3:40 PM EST
Prenatal Stem Cells Treat Hemophilia A
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Researchers at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) have recently published an article in Nature Communications that demonstrates the potential of bioengineered human placental cells as a cure for Hemophilia A.

Released: 9-Nov-2023 1:05 PM EST
Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine Expand Multi-center National Study on Blood Pressure Interventions to Advocate Health Sites
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

In 2021, researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, the academic core of Advocate Health, received a $29.9 million, six-and-a-half-year award from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) and launched a multi-center, patient-randomized control trial, which is now expanding its footprint with the addition of two Advocate Health sites.

Newswise: Frailty Status in Older Adults Associated with More Adverse Events After Surgery
Released: 6-Nov-2023 11:05 AM EST
Frailty Status in Older Adults Associated with More Adverse Events After Surgery
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

A new study from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine shows that frailty is associated with higher rates of death and major morbidity after surgery. The findings appear online today in JAMA Network Open.

Newswise: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) Secures National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant Renewal for Summer Undergraduate Research Program
Released: 3-Nov-2023 1:05 PM EDT
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) Secures National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant Renewal for Summer Undergraduate Research Program
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Building upon the success of its previous REU program (Award #1659663, 2018-2022), WFIRM’s renewed grant has a specific focus on growing the increasing the engagement of underrepresented minority groups, women, and non-traditional students, including students attending 2- and 4-year universities.

Released: 1-Nov-2023 12:05 PM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Launches $100 Million Philanthropic Campaign for Research
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, the academic core of Advocate Health, are launching their largest campaign for research. Designed with health equity at the forefront, funds raised in this campaign will transform health care for patients, communities and the next generation of health care leaders by integrating research with clinical care while enhancing the speed with which new ideas move from research labs to patients' bedsides and beyond.

Released: 26-Oct-2023 10:05 AM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Researchers Receive $5 Million from Department of Defense
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Orthopaedic researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have received two grants totaling nearly $5 million from the Department of Defense to study the most effective treatments for femur and heel fractures. A $2.4 million grant will support a 4-year, randomized clinical trial that will examine patient outcomes following heel fractures treated with two different surgical procedures.

Newswise: Wake Forest University School of Medicine Receives $9 Million  from NIH to Study Alzheimer’s Disease
Released: 25-Oct-2023 10:05 AM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Receives $9 Million from NIH to Study Alzheimer’s Disease
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have received a five-year, $9 million grant from the National Institute on Aging, part of the National Institutes of Health, to create a national consortium that will study the use, interpretation and implementation of biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease.

Newswise: Wake Forest University School of Medicine’s Department of PA Studies Receives Grant to Study Clinician Shortages in Rural Areas
Released: 18-Oct-2023 11:05 AM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine’s Department of PA Studies Receives Grant to Study Clinician Shortages in Rural Areas
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Wake Forest University School of Medicine has received a two-year, $445,000 grant from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, part of the National Institutes of Health.

Released: 5-Oct-2023 10:40 AM EDT
NIH Awards Wake Forest University School of Medicine $10 Million to Study Long-term Opioid Use, Chronic Pain
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have received a five-year $10 million grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to create a broad research program that will work to reduce opioid-related harms and improve quality of life in patients on long-term opioid therapy.

Newswise: Study Finds Most Caregivers of Cancer Patients  Are Not Screened for Distress
Released: 21-Sep-2023 9:30 AM EDT
Study Finds Most Caregivers of Cancer Patients Are Not Screened for Distress
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Being diagnosed with a serious illness such as cancer brings many physical, emotional and financial burdens, not only for patients, but for their caregivers as well. However, a new study from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine shows that caregivers of adult cancer patients are often overlooked in cancer care.

Newswise: Wake Forest Athletics Announces Enhanced Partnership with Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist and Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Released: 14-Sep-2023 5:05 PM EDT
Wake Forest Athletics Announces Enhanced Partnership with Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist and Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

The top priority for everyone in Wake Forest Athletics is safety and through an innovative and enhanced partnership with Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, health care for all 400-plus Demon Deacons student-athletes will be enhanced through a multitude of ways, including on-campus care from trained physicians.

Newswise: ReMDO Grants Support Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine Therapies
Released: 12-Sep-2023 1:30 PM EDT
ReMDO Grants Support Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine Therapies
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

The grant opportunity will create a continued impact on the rate of clinical translation for regenerative medicine therapies and the commercialization of regenerative medicine products within the global market.

Newswise: Study Finds Heavy Alcohol Consumption Linked to Ectopic Fat
Released: 12-Sep-2023 10:05 AM EDT
Study Finds Heavy Alcohol Consumption Linked to Ectopic Fat
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Does drinking an excessive amount of alcohol increase the amount of fat deposits in the body? The answer is yes according to new findings from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Newswise: Phase I Clinical Trial Shows Treatment Designed to Clear Senescent Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease Is Safe
Released: 5-Sep-2023 3:00 PM EDT
Phase I Clinical Trial Shows Treatment Designed to Clear Senescent Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease Is Safe
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine are reporting results from a Phase I trial in an area of promising research for Alzheimer's disease—cellular senescence.

Newswise: Brinter Joins the RegenMed Hub
Released: 16-Aug-2023 2:05 PM EDT
Brinter Joins the RegenMed Hub
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Brinter Bio-Implant company joined the RegeneratOR’s Innovation Accelerator in 2023, located in the Regenerative Medicine Hub (RegenMed Hub), a rapidly growing regenerative medicine ecosystem based in the Innovation Quarter, in Winston-Salem.

Released: 14-Aug-2023 1:00 PM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Awarded $1.9 Million to Study Biomarkers for Chronic Pain
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Chronic pain can be debilitating and can limit the quality of life for the millions who suffer from it. Unfortunately, treatments to manage chronic pain are often ineffective because the functional changes that accompany a disease are not fully understood. Many patients develop chronic pain after surgery, but unfortunately, it is not yet possible to predict which patients are at risk.

Newswise: Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Names New President
Released: 8-Aug-2023 1:00 PM EDT
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Names New President
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist has selected Dr. David Zaas as the next president of the health system. He will also hold a faculty appointment as professor of internal medicine at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Zaas succeeds Dr. Kevin High, who is transitioning to a new role as vice chief academic officer, academic learning health system, for Advocate Health, of which Wake Forest Baptist and Wake Forest University School of Medicine are the academic core.

Released: 7-Aug-2023 12:40 PM EDT
Research Explores Patient Experience of North Carolina's Medicaid Transition
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

In 2021, 1.6 million Medicaid beneficiaries in North Carolina moved from a fee-for-service Medicaid model to a managed care system known as N.C. Medicaid Managed Care. What impact did the transition have on Medicaid enrollees who live in Forsyth County?

Newswise: Changes in Gut Microbiome Alters Rewarding Effects of Cocaine and Cravings
Released: 3-Aug-2023 10:30 AM EDT
Changes in Gut Microbiome Alters Rewarding Effects of Cocaine and Cravings
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

In a new preclinical study from Wake Forest University School of Medicine, scientists provide the first evidence that changes in the gut microbiome have significant effects on cocaine use and cravings after withdrawal.

Released: 27-Jul-2023 12:50 PM EDT
Study Shows Mitochondrial Transplantation Effective in Reversing Damage to Kidneys and Kidney Cells
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

According to the National Kidney Foundation, more than 100,000 Americans are waiting for a kidney transplant, and the demand for donated kidneys far exceeds the supply. In fact, only 25,498 kidney transplants were performed in 2022, and kidney disease impacts 37 million people in the U.S. But a new preclinical study, led by scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, shows that a new technology called mitochondrial transplantation holds promise as a potential therapy that could change the kidney transplant landscape.

Released: 20-Jul-2023 8:50 AM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Approved for $4.4 Million PCORI Funding Award to Study Telehealth
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

A team of researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine has been approved for a $4.4 million funding award from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) to assess the benefits of expanding telehealth by primary care physicians to children with complex chronic conditions and their caregivers. The project is a collaboration with Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Brenner Children's in Winston-Salem and Atrium Health Levine Children's in Charlotte.

Released: 19-Jul-2023 1:10 PM EDT
Dr. Anthony Atala and WFIRM Team Awarded $1 Million KidneyX Track 2 Prize for Revolutionary 3D Vascularized Biomimetic Renal Construct Platform
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

In the next step toward producing the answer to kidney transplantation shortages, Dr. Anthony Atala, Director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM), and the kidney research team, have been awarded the prestigious KidneyX Track 2 $1 Million Prize for work based on a 3D kidney construct platform.

   
Released: 5-Jul-2023 2:45 PM EDT
New Study to Examine Whether Medication and/or Resistance Training Plus Bone-Strengthening Exercises Can Help Older Adults Safely Lose Weight
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

With $7 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health, researchers from Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Wake Forest University will study whether a combination of resistance training plus bone-strengthening exercises and/or osteoporosis medication use can help older adults safely lose weight without sacrificing bone mass.

Newswise: Less-invasive Cardiac MRI Is a Valuable Diagnostic Tool in the Early Evaluation of Patients with Acute Chest Pain
20-Jun-2023 11:05 AM EDT
Less-invasive Cardiac MRI Is a Valuable Diagnostic Tool in the Early Evaluation of Patients with Acute Chest Pain
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

An estimated 3 million patients visit emergency departments each year with acute chest pain and mildly elevated troponin levels. A new study from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine reveals that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is a safe and valuable tool to help evaluate these complex patients.

Released: 8-Jun-2023 11:05 AM EDT
Study Finds Disease Progression and Adverse Radiation Effects Are Low in Patients Undergoing Preoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

In a new study from Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute, researchers highlight improved outcomes for patients treated with preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery, particularly in rates of tumor recurrence, adverse radiation effects and spread of tumor cells to the fluid outside of the brain.

Newswise: American Indian and Alaska Native Men Less Likely to Receive Prostate Cancer Screening
Released: 5-Jun-2023 11:30 AM EDT
American Indian and Alaska Native Men Less Likely to Receive Prostate Cancer Screening
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

New research from Wake Forest University School of Medicine shows that American Indian and Alaska Native men are less likely to be screened for prostate cancer compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The study appears online in Cancer Causes & Control.

Newswise: Scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine Discover Metabolic Sensor May Play Role in Alzheimer’s Disease
Released: 22-May-2023 1:05 PM EDT
Scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine Discover Metabolic Sensor May Play Role in Alzheimer’s Disease
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have uncovered a novel mechanism that shows increased sugar intake and elevations in blood glucose are sufficient to cause amyloid plaque buildup in the brain, which increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Newswise: WFIRM bioprinting research makes history when it soars to the ISS
Released: 15-May-2023 8:00 AM EDT
WFIRM bioprinting research makes history when it soars to the ISS
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) will make history this month when the first bioprinted solid tissue constructs soar to the International Space Station (ISS) on board the next all private astronaut mission by commercial space leader Axiom Space.

   
Released: 27-Apr-2023 1:10 PM EDT
Researchers Develop Web Application to Analyze Hypertension Statistics from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

A research team from Wake Forest University School of Medicine has developed an open-source, web-based application that allows users to generate customized hypertension statistics using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Released: 19-Apr-2023 10:25 AM EDT
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Receives $2.7 Million Grant from National Cancer Institute to Study Lung Cancer Disparities
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Wake Forest University School of Medicine has been awarded a five-year, $2.7 million grant from the National Cancer Institute to investigate lung cancer health disparities. Researchers will focus on developing novel treatments that target genetic, immunologic and metabolic changes that disproportionally affect Black patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Newswise: Modified Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet May Benefit Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Released: 5-Apr-2023 1:30 PM EDT
Modified Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet May Benefit Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Following a Mediterranean-based ketogenic diet may decrease the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a new study from scientists at Wake Forest University School of Medicine.

Released: 4-Apr-2023 3:25 PM EDT
NIH Awards $8 Million to Wake Forest University School of Medicine’s Translational Alcohol Research Center
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has awarded Wake Forest University School of Medicine a renewal grant of $8 million over five years for research on alcohol use disorder. With the support of the grant, the Wake Forest Translational Alcohol Research Center will build upon a highly productive translational alcohol research program that was established with prior support from the NIH.

Newswise: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Helping Physicians Better Predict and Diagnose Lung Cancer
Released: 29-Mar-2023 10:50 AM EDT
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Helping Physicians Better Predict and Diagnose Lung Cancer
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

A new artificial intelligence (AI) tool is helping physicians at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist better predict and diagnose lung cancer in patients. Wake Forest Baptist was the first academic medical center in the U.S. to begin using this technology, which is still not widely available across North Carolina and much of the country.

Newswise: NIH Awards Researchers $7.5 Million to Create Data Support Center for Opioid Use Disorder and Pain Management Research
Released: 24-Mar-2023 11:20 AM EDT
NIH Awards Researchers $7.5 Million to Create Data Support Center for Opioid Use Disorder and Pain Management Research
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have been awarded a five-year, $7.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Helping End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) initiative. The NIH HEAL initiative, which launched in 2018, was created to find scientific solutions to stem the national opioid and pain public health crises.

Newswise: PCORI Awards Researchers $10.2 Million to Study Individualized Model of Hemodialysis
Released: 9-Mar-2023 10:05 AM EST
PCORI Awards Researchers $10.2 Million to Study Individualized Model of Hemodialysis
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) recently awarded researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine $10.2 million to study the effectiveness of an individualized model of hemodialysis, a procedure in which the blood is cleaned by a dialysis machine. The project is a collaboration between the School of Medicine, the Renal Research Institute and other health care systems across the country.

Newswise: Incidence Rates of Diabetes Continue to Increase in Children, Young Adults
Released: 6-Mar-2023 3:25 PM EST
Incidence Rates of Diabetes Continue to Increase in Children, Young Adults
Wake Forest University School of Medicine

New findings from researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine confirm that the rates of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes continue to increase in children and young adults. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children and young adults also had higher incidence rates of diabetes.

Newswise: Former Senior Level Department of Defense Official Joins RegenMed Hub
Released: 6-Mar-2023 10:05 AM EST
Former Senior Level Department of Defense Official Joins RegenMed Hub
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

The Regenerative Medicine Hub continues to grow and attract top talent with the addition of Ron Hann, PhD, a former senior level official with the Department of Defense.

   


close
0.24252