A mosquito in western South Dakota has tested positive for West Nile virus—the next step is transmission to humans. Two South Dakota State University researchers will help mosquito control officials use mosquito surveillance and environmental data to target West Nile virus through a three-year NASA grant.
Strategic use of locally produced, renewable energy through smart microgrids can reduce power costs and help prevent outages. Assistant professors Wei Sun and Reinaldo Tonkoski of the South Dakota State University Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department are developing the smart power management technologies that will make it possible for communities and businesses to use locally produced wind and solar energy yet maintain a consistent, reliable power system. The automated system will also facilitate development of a self-healing smart grid that can help prevent power outages.
The same spring rains that lessen producers’ concerns about drought can also lead to soil erosion and nutrient runoff. Keeping soil and fertilizers where they belong—in the field—benefits producers and the environment, according to South Dakota State University plant scientist Sandeep Kumar. He and graduate student Sagar Gautam used computer modeling to determine which farm management methods will produce the best reduction in surface runoff.
Scientists at South Dakota State University analyzed a half-mile slice of Western Antarctica ice core to help determine that climate change begins in the Arctic and moves southward, according to chemistry professor Jihong Cole-Dai of the SDSU Ice Core and Environmental Chemistry Lab. Since 2006, the SDSU research team have been part of a National Science Foundation project to uncover the secrets within the 2-mile long Western Antarctica Ice Sheet Divide ice core.
A compound and an enzyme that occur naturally in cruciferous vegetables—cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts—may help prevent recurrence and spread of some cancers, according to associate professor Moul Dey of the South Dakota State University Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences. When Dey and her team treated human cervical cancer stem cells with phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in a Petri dish, about 75 percent died within 24 hours using a 20-micromolar concentration of the compound.
The new strain of flu that affected more than 1,000 dogs in Chicago has not yet spread to South Dakota, but South Dakota State University veterinarians advise owners to be vigilant. To test for the virus, veterinarians will swab the animal's nose and throat and send the samples to the Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory at SDSU, which typically processes them the same day they are received.
Figuring out what’s happening at a cellular and molecular level may help scientists develop ways to treat or prevent age-related, neurogenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Through National Institutes of Health funding, pharmacy professor Xiangming Guan and his team at South Dakota State University, Guan and his team developed the first imaging reagent that can determine thiol levels in intact living cells. Now they are working on reagents that can selectively show thiol density in subcellular structures, specifically the nucleus and mitochondria. Guan hopes to develop a nontoxic reagent safe enough to be used for diagnostic imaging, like an MRI.
Fulfilling a sow’s increased nutritional needs in the last trimester may lead to greater productivity for both the mother and her piglets, according to assistant professor Crystal Levesque of the South Dakota State University Department of Animal Science. Through a pilot study, she has found “fairly clear preliminary evidence that we’re impacting at least piglet survivability in the first week post-weaning.”
A victim of cyanide poisoning can die within 30 minutes.The diagnostic test to determine cyanide exposure takes 24 hours.Two chemists at South Dakota State University have developed a prototype that can detect exposure to cyanide in 70 seconds via a blood sample. The device could save lives, whether it be diagnosing exposure from an industrial fire or a terrorist attack
“Secure, healthy caregiving is just as important as genetic factors in preventing physical and emotional problems,” according to South Dakota State University nursing professor Marylou Mylant. That’s the premise behind research on strengthening families to fight a dramatic increase in obesity among Native American preschoolers. Less than 25 percent of the preschoolers at the intervention site have normal BMIs.
Using natural soil components to trap pollutants will allow producers to control soil contaminants and reuse draining water while protecting their agricultural crops, according to Mohamed Elsayed, a Fulbright Postdoctoral Scholar at South Dakota State University’s chemistry and biochemistry department. His research seeks to increase the ability of humic acid to adsorb, or trap pollutants, in combination with either of two clay minerals—kaolinite or montmorillonite.
Tumor cells require high levels of glucose to multiply. This, in turn, creates more lactic acid, a byproduct that negatively affects the body’s immune response thereby reducing the effectiveness of drug therapies. Scientists from Sanford Research and South Dakota State University are using a low-glucose diet and specially designed anti-cancer drugs to improve therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients.
As the price of gasoline drops, the number of automobile crashes increases, according to analysis of monthly crash data. from the Minnesota Office of Traffic Safety for 1998 to 2007. However, the time frame within which this occurs varies based on the driver’s age, according to South Dakota State University sociologist Guangqing Chi. He led the multi-institutional team of researchers who analyzed crash data from Minnesota, Mississippi and Alabama in relationship to gasoline prices.
Tillage practices that conserve moisture, plants that use water more efficiently and soil with more organic matter have produced higher yields even in dry conditions, according to soil scientist David Clay, professor of plant science at South Dakota State University. In addition, scientists have a better understanding about how water stress decreases the plants’ ability to take up nutrients and recover from pest injury.
Nurses, doctors, pharmacists and therapists care for the same patient, but often don’t meet until they are practicing health professionals. Simulations at the Sullivan Health Science Center in Sioux Falls involving pharmacy students and graduate and undergraduate nursing students from South Dakota State University are giving them a taste of reality and building their confidence.
Organic solar cells are less expensive to produce than silicon-based technologies, but to make them competitive a method must be found to increase their efficiency. Qiquan Qiao of the South Dakota State University Center for Advanced Photovoltaics is using tunnel junctions to provide effective pathways through which charge can travel and thus reduce energy losses
In an era when consumers have a wealth of information at their fingertips, where do consumers go for recommendations on meat-purchasing? A pilot study by consumer economist Kuo-Liang “Matt” Chang and a team of researchers from South Dakota State University showed that websites and social media are sources of information about nutrition and cooking that then may lead to recommendations on meat purchasing.
The use of expensive, marine-derived protein drives up the cost of high-quality fish feed. A South Dakota State University microbiologist and fisheries expert joined forces to produce fish feed ingredients from plant-based proteins, such as soybean meal. Their company, Prairie Aquatech, is scaling up production of the feed ingredients and expanding fish feeding trials.
Caring for a chronically ill family member can impact the caregiver’s physical, biological and mental health, according to assistant professor SunWoo Kang of the South Dakota State University counseling and human development department. “Higher levels of marital strain among family caregivers exacerbate the negative health impact,” she said. “In contrast, less strain from the spouse buffered this effect.”
A robot capable of scanning a tray of insect specimens in a few minutes will help make the virtual images and tagging information available online, according to South Dakota State University entomologist Paul Johnson, director of the Severin-McDaniel Insect Research Collection. The InvertNet Project, led by the University of Illinois in Champaign, involves 23 universities and two natural history museums.
Energy storage devices and computer screens may seem worlds apart, but they’re not. When associate professor Qi Hua Fan of the South Dakota State University electrical engineering and computer science department set out to make a less expensive supercapacitor for storing renewable energy, he developed a new plasma technology that will streamline the production of display screens.
When it comes to potential for wind energy, the Midwest has it. However, to harness that power communities will have to come to terms with a landscape dotted with wind towers. That’s a reality people are willing to accept, according assistant professor of sociology and rural studies Jeffrey Jacquet. He and graduate student Josh Fergen have done research in South Dakota and Minnesota to gauge attitudes about wind farms and their impact on the community and the environment.
Catching the fall foliage at its peak in the United States just became a little easier, thanks to the work of senior scientist Xiaoyang Zhang in the Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University. He and research scientist Yunyue “Bob” Yu of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed a method to monitor and predict changes in leaf coloration using satellite imagery. Maps are available at http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/news2014_201410_FallFoliage.php.
A new influenza virus, discovered in pigs and later found in cows, shares common ancestry with known influenza viruses, but is distinct enough that researchers have proposed calling it Type D Influenza. Three years ago Ben Hause, then a doctoral student at South Dakota State University, identified and characterized the new virus. SDSU virologist Feng Li and immunologist Radhey Kaushik will develop genetic and biochemical tools to study the virus and then determine how it is transmitted and how it replicates at the molecular level through a grant from the National Institutes of Health.
Nick Stokes of CSI using fingerprints to identify the murdered and Charlie Eppes of Numbers solving crimes via mathematical equations lead many people to assume that forensic science is a highly technical field relying on experts that always have a definitive answer about culpability. In fact, forensic statistics is a relatively new field that is working to establish investigative techniques and quantitative methods that ensure accuracy in suspect identification. There are about 25 statisticians worldwide working in forensics science. Two of these happen to be in the mathematics and statistics department at South Dakota State University and have recently received a $780,300 grant to advance the science.
An emerging virus demands quick action. One week after the diagnostic lab at Iowa State confirmed that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus had spread to the United States, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Lab researchers at South Dakota State University released a diagnostic test to differentiate PEDv genetic material from that of other viruses. A faster, more sensitive second-generation PCR test was commercially available within a few months.
South Dakota State University food science professor Padmanaban Krishnan received a four-year grant geared toward getting corn co-products to the food market.
Two South Dakota State University professors in pursuit of strengthening their global perspective headed more than 5,500 miles east from their Brookings home to Istanbul, Turkey. A yearlong sabbatical leave, spent in Hande Briddick’s home country, served as an educational and rewarding adventure for her and husband, Chris. The College of Education and Human Sciences associate professors, who teach within SDSU’s Department of Counseling and Human Development, left for Istanbul in August 2013 and returned this July.
Hot, dry conditions can wreak havoc on a field of soybeans. Assistant professor Jai Rohila of the South Dakota State University Biology and Microbiology Department is uncovering the molecular mechanisms that lead to drought and heat tolerance. This will help breeders develop soybean varieties that can survive heat and drought. To do this, he is working with University of Minnesota soybean breeder Jim Orf, who provided Rohila with two varieties of soybeans, one that has greater tolerance to hot, dry conditions, and another that is susceptible.
Why did 43 percent of 1,093 South Dakota women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer surveyed choose mastectomy rather than lumpectomy? “According to research evidence, survival rates are considered equal,” noted Nancy Fahrenwald, dean of the South Dakota State University College of Nursing. To determine which of the nine independent variables tipped the scales toward mastectomy, she collaborated with associate professor Chris Saunders of the mathematics and statistics department.
Two college students from Toulouse, France, completed a 10-week internship milling wheat and researching how to expand the loaf volume of bread. Elodie Payrau and Floriane Bouchet are agronomy food science and management students in their second year at École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique of Toulouse. The students worked with department of health and nutritional sciences professor Padmanaban Krishnan in the South Dakota State University Seed Technology Laboratory as part of a long-standing partnership between SDSU and ENSAT.
Felling trees, building dams and creating ponds—beavers have a unique ability to alter the landscape in ways that are beneficial to other organisms, according to South Dakota State University professor Carol Johnston of the natural resource management department. That’s why they are known as a “keystone species.” The ecologist received a two-year National Science Foundation grant for more than $143,000 to compile a book based on her previous NSF-funded research on how beavers have affected the ecosystem at Voyageurs National Park near International Falls, Minnesota.
It’s like looking for a needle in a haystack. Scientists searching for the gene or gene combination that affects even one plant or animal characteristic must sort through massive amounts of data, according to associate professor Xijin Ge of the mathematics and statistics department at South Dakota State University. He leads a bioinformatics research group, which provides the expertise that plant and animal scientists need to uncover how genes and proteins affect cell functions. Just one experiment to analyze gene expression can produce one terabyte of sequence data, Ge explained. “That’s a little beyond many biologists' comfort zone.”
It’s that time of year again—the dry season in southeastern Asia when smoke and particulates from Indonesian peat swamp fires on the island of Borneo drift across to neighboring countries. Indonesia is trying to reduce carbon emissions, but documenting carbon sequestration to reward nations for their efforts through programs such as REDD and REDD Plus can be challenging.
Spring rains that delayed planting and a cool summer have farmers concerned about whether their corn will reach maturity before the first frost. Two new online decision-making tools available through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Useful to Usable research project will help, according to state climatologist and South Dakota State University associate professor Dennis Todey. Farmers are producing crops under more variable conditions, so these tools can be critical to both food safety and the farmers’ economic survival.
Fiber optics increased the speed and quantity of information that can be transmitted through the Internet by transforming electrical signals into pulsating light. The same can be done within laptops and other devices by using organic materials containing chromophore as an active compound, according to South Dakota State University materials chemist Cheng Zhang. Components made from this organic material can provide a larger bandwidth and draw less power.
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