Credit: Klaus Kaestner, PhD, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Cell Press
The Foxa factors control liver cancer risk. When mice are exposed to a liver carcinogen, normally male mice develop many tumors, while female mice are protected (left part of the figure). However, in mice lacking the Foxa genes, the situation is reversed (right part of the figure). Thus, the Foxa genes are essential determinants of the sexual dimorphism in liver cancer risk.