Credit: Callie Weber
Human neurodegenerative diseases affect men and women differently, yet sex is rarely included in in vitro bioengineered models of neurodegenerative disease. Sex-related differences include a wide range of biochemical factors, gene expression, and biomechanical cues. These sex differences must be included in blood-brain barrier models to improve the understanding of sex differences in neurodegenerative disease and eventually realize personalized medicine.