Credit: Image courtesy of Nature Physics 10, 670, 2014
Scanning electron micrograph (top) shows the arrangement of iron-nickel nanomagnets for the newly developed “shakti” artificial spin ice lattice. In the lattice, 2, 3, and 4 nanomagnets meet in periodic arrays. Magnetic force microscope image (bottom) shows the poles of the nanomagnets (dark and light contrast).