Credit: Yokohama National University
The upper panel depicts the coastal forest pre-tsunami, while the lower panel illustrates the forest post-tsunami. Each column represents the percentage decrease in coastal tree cover resulting from the tsunami event (1: no change, 5: 41-50%, 10: 91-100%). In cases where there was a 91-100% decrease in tree cover, indicated by the inset with the black frame in the bottom right image, nearly all trees were toppled by the tsunami. It is important to note that we magnified the satellite images/aerial photographs to assess the percentage decrease in coastal forest cover attributable to the tsunami event.