1) Journal article shows that cat ownership is protective for children against asthma; 2) Examined 11 years after the Lung Health Study began, continuing smokers demonstrated lung function levels believed to represent moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
1) The adverse effects of fetal exposure to maternal smoking was associated with asthma and wheezing in those children who had a common genetic susceptibility. 2) Low weight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed more muscle atrophy and worse exercise capacity than did those with a normal body mass index.
1) Smoking cessation was associated with a significantly reduced amount of heart disease in the Lung Health Study; 2) Highly active antiretroviral therapy has caused a striking improvement in the survival rate for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the intensive care unit (ICU); 3) An editorial from an expert points out why HIV-related admissions to the ICU will not continue to decline.
1) Research shows that humming is an extremely effective way of increasing ventilation for your sinuses; 2) Smoking by family members increases the likelihood that a child will be diagnosed with asthma before age 6; 3) Obstructive sleep apnea caused almost a 5-fold increase in heart disease.
1) Ambient levels of air pollution produced significant deficits in children's lung function growth rates; 2) Despite five published retrospective studies claiming the opposite result, investigators in the first prospective research on antibiotic use in the first year of life found no association with asthma at age 5; 3) Tuberculosis (TB) patients who recognized photos of other patients in their TB cluster pointed up common transmission sites.
1) Researchers show inhaled corticosteroids can improve symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. 2) A world renowned expert points up the benefits of inhaled corticosteroid use in cases of advanced COPD. 3) Sleep apnea patients have higher levels of a protein that stimulates the formation of new blood vessels.
1) Experts give their views on eliminating persistent, troublesome cough in a "Clinical Commentary." 2) Researchers show how airway remodeling in asthma patients starts in childhood and continues into adulthood. 3) Investigators describe a new neonatal interstitial lung disease classified as a developmental disorder of infancy.
1) Researchers working with 30-month-old premature infants with hyaline membrane disease found that those with high keratinocyte growth factor concentration were protected against a serious neonatal problem; 2) The pH of expired breath condensate offers a simple, noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily repeatable procedure to evaluate airway inflammatory processes; and the analysis of serial T cell antigen receptors could considerably improve the management of lung transplants.
1) Research showed that a group of 23 Australian infants with flow limitation in expiratory breathing at 4 weeks of age continued to have reduced lung function and increased airway resistance through age 11; 2) Rhinovirus infection leads to increased disease severity in infants with acute bronchiolitis; 3) Women with sickle cell disease can safely perform maximal cardiopulmonary exercise if allowed to stop their activity when the need arises.
1) Research showed that a study of stress during final exam week in 20 college students with mild allergic asthma demonstrated that their stress and depression scores were significantly higher and that their stress levels acted as a cofactor to increase airway inflammation; 2) In an animal model of neonatal pulmonary hypertension, a serious killer of newborns, the vasodilator sildenafil completely reversed the vascular resistance in affected piglets within one hour.
1) Research shows a relationship between cat allergen concentrations in the home and asthmatic disease among sensitized women; 2) Initially missed diagnoses and missed treatment for tuberculosis patients were common and strongly associated with in-hospital death, according to a 17-hospital Canadian study; 3) Bacterial infection in the lower respiratory tract is closely linked to both inflammation and abnormal pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis.
1) Men 65 and older had a higher incidence of bacterial pneumonia, developed more complex cases, and suffered higher disease mortality; 2) Los Angeles County, although it had the second highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in a metropolitan area, showed a very low rate of multidrug-resistant TB transmission over a five-year period.
1) Moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease leads to significant unemployment in the United States; 2) Moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing in 135 healthy but mildly obese men was associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance; 3) High serum levels of the hormone cortisol were related to better lung function in a study of 28 children with stable asthma and 18 aged-matched healthy controls.
1) Low-dose computed tomography can detect lung cancer at an early stage, although it has a high false positive rate; 2) Australian investigators have reported a higher incidence and lower mortality rate for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome; 3) Experts comment on the almost impossible task of reducing health care costs by restricting life-sustaining critical care treatment in a patient's last year.
Research showed that: 1) High perceived stress in caregivers of 2- 3-month-old infants who have a genetic predisposition to asthma was associated with increased risk of wheezing in the first 14 months; 2) Allergic reactions to a potent German cockroach allergen which can make kids sick are not linked to enzymatic activity like dust mite allergens; 3) Adenosine can provide a new bronchorestrictive test for allergic airway inflammation.
1) Research showed that young persons at high risk for inherited wheezing and allergic asthma who started their wheezing at ages 2 to 5 were morely likely to wheeze in adulthood; 2) Investigators developed a brief, simple, self-administered questionnaire on asthma control for adult patients that can predict their acute and routine health care utilization; and 3) How obesity and craniofacial abnormalities work together to cause sleep-disordered breathing.
1) Research showing that preterm birth intrinsically changed the normal development of lung function; 2) Treatment with leukotriene antagonists, which block the inflammatory actions of leukotriene, improved pulmonary function in persons with aspirin-induced asthma; 3) Respiratory symptoms of a group of children with sleep apnea either completely regressed or improved considerably following 6 months use of an oral jaw-positioning appliance.
1) Victims of sarcoidosis were almost 5 times more likely than controls to have a sibling or parent with a history of the disease; 2) A study revealed that exposure to changes in air pollution levels during adolescence has a potentially important effect on lung function growth and performance; 3) A workshop summary report details clinical advances against pulmonary complications associated with human immmunodeficiency virus, plus research needs.
Studies show that: 1) eating at least two or more apples per week and a higher intake of selenium can protect against asthma in adults; and 2) farm life as a child means less risk as an adult for an allergic reaction to cat dander or Timothy grass, plus less nasal congestion from pollen.
Studies show that: 1) The first research project to investigate sexual activity in persons on noninvasive mechanical ventilation found that 34 percent average over 5 episodes of intercourse per month; 2) A risk of allergic illness comes from kerosene used for cooking and heating; and 3) Exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are caused by respiratory virus infection.
1) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims demonstrated more frequent episodes of airway obstruction in a sleep test taken during the days prior to their fatal attack; 2) Siblings who smoke have a significant risk of airway obstruction if their parents suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 3) An anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody is an effective new treatment for patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma.
Studies show: 1) that respiratory flutter sydrome in the first month of life could be a more frequent cause of respiratory failure in newborns that previously recognized; 2) that a virulent Beijing tuberculosis (TB) bacterial strain caused a microepidemic on Spain's Gran Canaria Island over 4 years, resulting in 75 new cases of TB and that endurance training could lead to exercise-induced oxidative stress for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Studies show: 1) the effect of paternal smoking on Chinese children, ages 8 to 15, whose mother had never smoked; 2) how prenatal nicotine exposure in pregnant rhesus monkeys produces changes in the lung mchanics of the newborns strikingly similar to those reported in the offspring of human mothers who smoked; and 3) the advantages of single inhaler therapy containing dual medications on uncontrolled moderate to severe asthma.
1) Studies show that antioxidant supplements given to Vitamin C-depleted human subjects reduced the effects of ozone gas on their lung function; 2) As a result of breathing tiny atmospheric pollutant particles, large scavenger cells in the lung produce intercellular messengers called cytokines that could play an important role in increased cardiovascular disease and death. 3) Why diabetics have twice the risk for hospital admissions from cardiovascular disease associated with breathing tiny airborne particles.
1. Sleep apnea in young children is associated with big tonsils and enlarged adenoid tissue; 2. Work-related factors contribute to a much higher persistent asthma rate in Finns than was previously shown; 3. Projections from a dynamic life table model demonstrate a 123 percent jump for Dutch women in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rates by 2015.
1) A special "State-of-the-Art" article discusses the risk of being a sibling of a sudden infant death syndrome victim; 2) Research indicated that the microgravity of space dramatically reduced sleep-related disturbances and snoring in 5 astronauts; 3) A study demonstrated a 12 percent rate of undiagnosed airflow obstruction in white adults over age 65.
1) Snorers and persons with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) demonstrated upper airway sensory impairment which could trigger airway obstruction; 2) Airway sensory dysfunction could be caused by motor neuron lesions in some snorers and in most patients with OSA; 3) Use of low-tidal ventilation works equally well across all clinical subgroups associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
1) Research reveals the most cost-effective, efficient, and successful method of uncovering active tuberculosis in jail inmates; 2) Upper respiratory disease is detected in chronic heartburn patients who suffer from acid reflux; 3) Compound in apples is associated with improvement in symptoms for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
1) Study shows increased bronchitis risk for workers who are exposed to occupational pollutants; 2) over a five-year period, lung volume reduction surgery produces desirable clinical and significant physiologic improvements in patients with end-stage emphysema; 3) ATS releases its latest expert recommendations on treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.
1) Low socioeconomic status is associated with significantly worse outcome in children with cystic fibrosis; 2) Research links new asthma symptoms with preteen girls who become overweight between the ages of 6 and 11; 3) Research shows the advantages of a structured educational program in reducing unscheduled visits to the emergency room for severe asthma exacerbations.
1) Persons who suffer from severe asthma and who also are affected by psychopathology created increased health care costs compared to non-pschiatric severe asthmatics; 2) New research links a common infectious agent with asthma; 3) An executive summary report details the best validated disease management concepts for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
1. Private-public cooperation on global TB infection, 2. slower rhythm of tiny, hair-like nasal structures could lead to more respiratory infections, 3. Short, broad skull formation in a white person associated with sleep apnea. (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 3-01)
1. Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of sleep apnea in postmenopausal women; 2. Coal miners with significant losses in lung function are at great risk for developing respiratory tract illnesses and premature death; 3. Tuberculosis reinfection from another individual may be more of a significant cause of disease than previously shown. (American J. of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 3-01)
1.Children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the womb have a higher rate of physician-diagnosed asthma; 2.Exposure to endotoxins in the first few months of life can cause wheezing among babies with a family history of allergy or asthma; 3. Postmenopausal women who took hormone replacement therapy had improved pulmonary function and less pulmonary obstruction.
1- The use of oral steroids to control a severe asthma attack reduced the risk of death from the disease by 90 percent; 2- The rate of lung function decline in African-American women, as they age, was significantly less than shown for whites; 3- An increased risk for cardiovascular disease was detected in persons with mild sleep-disordered breathing. (J. of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1-01)
1- Large study shows more comprehensive investigation needed to uncover more close contacts of infectious tuberculosis patients; 2- Canadian researchers uncover high rate of occupational asthma; 3- Asthmatic children show large lung deficits from exposure to maternal smoking in the womb. (American J. of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 12-00)
In the first study of its kind to include "baby boomers" in its results, researchers predicted demand for medical services provided by critical care and pulmonary specialists will outpace the future supply of these doctors by 2007. (JAMA, 12-6-00)
1. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among patients with human immunodeficiency virus is clustered in specific zip codes; 2. Low birthweight and prematurity increase ozone's effect on asthmatic kids 4 to 9.
1. Fourth-grade children show a significant decline in lung function growth from polluted air. 2. Habitually sleepy drivers have a 13-fold greater risk of an auto crash. 3. Study shows long-standing asthma causes irreversible reductions in lung function.
1-urban living constitutes the biggest risk for asthma in children; 2-Tuberculosis has become the most common infection in HIV patients; 3-Prenatal steroids increase surfactant production in very premature infants with respiratory distress.
1- Survival rates rise two-fold for HIV-related pneumonia with respiratory failure; 2- New lung function data for Hong Kong-born Chinese children and adolescents; 3- Relapses for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia are part of the disease process and do not affect outcome.
1- A greater rate of hospitalization associated with occupational asthma; 2- A high incidence of clinically silent acid reflux detected among asthma patients; 3- Diesel exhaust tests show tiny particles cause airway inflammation in normal subjects.
1- Prevalence of bronchitis, colds, and middle-ear infections in school children falls after a dramatic drop in air pollution in East Germany; 2- Lung function continues to grow in adolescents after height increases cease; 3- Researchers develop a new diagnostic tool to detect asthma in very young children.
1- Farm adolescents have a much lower prevalence of asthma as compared to non-farm teenagers; 2- A viral disease in infancy is strongly associated with the development of asthma by age 7-1/2; 3- An expert panel publishes its views of asthma as a continuum of disease from symptoms to airway remodeling.
1- Ethnic differences in pulmonary function between Asian Americans and European Americans; 2- State-of-the-art information on molecular and genetic aspects of lung cancer; 3- Lung density changes from smoking and aging (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 4-00).
New guidelines on the testing and treatment of persons with latent tuberculosis infection issued this month by the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend several important changes from previously recommended practices.
1- No auto accidents for high risk sleep apnea patients for two years after treatment; 2- Development of the first biochemical marker for acute lung injury; 3- X-ray screening for tuberculosis is the most cost-effective disease prevention method for immigrants from high-risk countries.
Acutely ill asthmatics have a dramatic but reversible degree of acidity in the water expired from their lungs, reports an article in the March 2000 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
1- Mortality rates from asthma among U.S. Hispanics; 2- Consensus statement directed at patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; 3- ATS statement on health effects from air pollution (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2-00).
1- Lung cancer in patients with chronically inflammed air sacs in the lungs; 2- Gastroesophageal reflux causes bronchial constriction in asthma patients; 3- Guidelines on the care of children with an opening in their windpipe.
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