Fracture Risk for Older Prostate Cancer Patients Warrants Close Review of Hormone Therapy

Study by Research Team at The Cancer Institute of New Jersey Presented at National Conference

Newswise — Research presented today at a national conference by a team of investigators at The Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), shows careful consideration should be given before initiating androgen deprivation therapy, a common treatment for older men with localized prostate cancer. The investigators are concerned that this particular population has a higher than average risk of bone fracture, and that androgen deprivation therapy might add to their fracture risk. For more than a decade, this form of treatment, which shuts off male hormones known to promote growth of prostate cancers, has become a popular alternative to surgery, radiation or conservative management, but little is known about long-term toxic effects associated with its extended use. The work was presented during the Ninth Annual American Association for Cancer Research Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research Conference in Philadelphia, which runs through tomorrow. CINJ is a Center of Excellence of UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

The research utilized information from 46,587 men who were diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (cancer that did not spread beyond the prostate) and survived at least five years after diagnosis. The data were compiled from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and linked Medicare files. All of the SEER registries hold the highest level of certification of data quality.

The study found that 48 percent of patients who received androgen deprivation therapy received more than 24 months of treatment. The risk of fracture was nearly one and a half times for men who received 36 or more doses of androgen deprivation therapy (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist) versus those who did not receive any androgen deprivation therapy. Those administered androgen deprivation therapy were associated with a 57 percent increase in the risk of multiple fractures after the first two years of treatment. Men 75 and older who received androgen deprivation therapy, were associated with a fracture risk 3.6 times that of men aged 66 to 74 who had androgen deprivation therapy for less than two years. The authors say it is key to note independent risk factors for fractures including older age, stroke, having two or more diseases at the same time, and history of fractures.

“Because long-term androgen deprivation therapy has become more common for men with localized prostate cancer, it is wise to further explore common adverse effects associated with chronic treatment, including fractures,” stated lead author Yu-Hsuan Shao, PhD, a research associate at CINJ. “This is especially important in regard to older men with the disease, since they are already predisposed to a higher fracture risk due to age and other factors.”

“There are other viable options out there for older men with localized prostate cancer,” said senior author Grace Lu-Yao, PhD, MPH, cancer epidemiologist at CINJ and professor of medicine at UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and professor of epidemiology at UMDNJ-School of Public Health. “For instance, previous research from our team has shown that older men with low-grade prostate cancer who undergo conservative management are having better survival outcomes than in previous decades, but this route is not often explored. This could be due to a lack of data and clear understanding as to expected outcomes for this population. We are hopeful this latest study will help better shape the conversation between clinician and patient about whether androgen deprivation therapy is the best treatment option for the patient,” she said.

Along with Drs. Shao and Lu-Yao, the author team consists of Thomas L. Jang, MD, MPH, CINJ and UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Dirk F. Moore, PhD, CINJ and UMDNJ-School of Public Health; Weichung Shih, PhD, CINJ and UMDNJ-School of Public Health; and Yong Lin, PhD, CINJ and UMDNJ-School of Public Health.

The work was supported by funding from the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA 116399 and Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA072720-13) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (60624).

About The Cancer Institute of New JerseyThe Cancer Institute of New Jersey (www.cinj.org) is the state’s first and only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center dedicated to improving the detection, treatment and care of patients with cancer, and serving as an education resource for cancer prevention. CINJ’s physician-scientists engage in translational research, transforming their laboratory discoveries into clinical practice, quite literally bringing research to life. To make a tax-deductible gift to support CINJ, call 732-235-8614 or visit www.cinjfoundation.org. CINJ is a Center of Excellence of UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

The CINJ Network is comprised of hospitals throughout the state and provides a mechanism to rapidly disseminate important discoveries into the community. Flagship Hospital: Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital. Major Clinical Research Affiliate Hospitals: Carol G. Simon Cancer Center at Morristown Memorial Hospital, Carol G. Simon Cancer Center at Overlook Hospital, Cooper University Hospital and Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Affiliate Hospitals: Bayshore Community Hospital, CentraState Healthcare System, JFK Medical Center, Mountainside Hospital, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital at Hamilton (CINJ at Hamilton), Saint Peter’s University Hospital, Somerset Medical Center, Southern Ocean County Hospital, The University Hospital/UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School*, and University Medical Center at Princeton. *Academic Affiliate