Accommodating too much in school makes children more anxious

Newswise — “If you are afraid to speak in class and the teacher lets you be exempt from it throughout secondary school, you will not get better at speaking out loud. You just get more anxious about it.”

That is what Åshild Tellefsen Håland says. She is a professor at the University of Agder and a psychologist specialist in the Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health at the Hospital of Southern Norway.

“Such pupils need a programme where they can practice speaking out loud, or other things they fear, in a safe environment. If schools had been better at this, some anxiety disorders would probably have been prevented,” she says.

Håland and her colleagues asked all primary school teachers in Kristiansand about how they accommodate for pupils who are anxious.

This is the first time, both in Norway and internationally, that researchers have mapped how teachers respond to anxious pupils in general. Previous studies have explored how teachers approach pupils who actually have an anxiety diagnosis.

Pupils not getting help to overcome anxiety

“In the face of anxiety, cognitive behavioural therapy has the best documented effect. The core of it is to face what you are afraid of. But the reality in schools is that teachers help their pupils to avoid things and that the children get little help to tackle their fears,” says Håland.

The survey consists of 35 questions, and asks, among other things, about how often teachers:

• Allow pupils to be exempted from delivering presentations (over 60%)
• Allow pupils to go in and out of classes (almost 70%)
• Have done tasks that are actually the pupil’s responsibility (around 50%)
• Have adjusted the class routines due to individual pupils’ anxiety (around 50%)

“Excessive accommodation is a serious problem in schools, and it happens to a greater extent than I thought it would. These aren’t necessarily pupils with anxiety diagnoses, there are also pupils who are just afraid to do things,” Håland says.

244 teachers responded to the survey. The figures are from Kristiansand, but Håland says it is very likely that they are representative of the rest of the country.

Anxiety is one of the most important reasons for school absenteeism. Figures from the Ungdata survey also show that anxiety affects more young people today than in the past. This has also got worse after the pandemic.

At the beginning of May this year, the Hospital of Southern Norway launched e-RISK. This is an online coping skills course for young people between the ages of 12 and 18 who need help to dare to do things that they avoid doing and are afraid to do.

The tool also contains guidance for teachers and parents on how to support those with anxiety in an appropriate way and has become very popular. Not long after the launch, it had 30,000 unique users, Håland explains. She developed it together with colleague and psychologist Thomas B. Bertelsen at the Hospital of Southern Norway.

Through the continuing education programme at the University of Agder, public health nurses and social workers have received training in running low-threshold groups (called Mini-risk) for pupils with anxiety.

By 2024, public health nurses and social workers in all schools in Kristiansand will have received the training. Kristiansand will then be the first municipality in the country to have a low-threshold service for anxious pupils available in all schools.

Håland is clear that the individual teacher is not to blame for excessive accommodation. The responsibility lies with the school.

“If a resourceful father calls and demands that his child be exempt from PE, the teacher might not trust in his own competence or have a plan to solve the issue.”

Through low-threshold groups such as Mini-risk and e-RISK, teachers have been given other tools to allow pupils to confront things they are afraid of.

https://www.uia.no/en/news/accommodating-too-much-in-school-makes-pupils-more-anxious