Curated News: Medical Meetings

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Data from a new study presented this week at The Liver Meeting Digital Experience® – held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases – found that in 2019, more than 500,000 persons died of hepatitis B virus infection, highlighting the urgent need for universal HBV vaccination of children beginning at birth, and scaling up testing and access to care and treatment before people with the virus develop life-threatening liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.

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Data from a new study presented this week at The Liver Meeting Digital Experience® – held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases – found that using neural networks, a type of machine learning algorithm, is a more accurate model for predicting waitlist mortality in liver transplantation, outperforming the older model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scoring. This advancement could lead to the development of more equitable organ allocation systems and even reduce liver transplant waitlist death rates for patients.

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ALEXANDRIA, VA – Data from a new study presented this week at The Liver Meeting Digital Experience® – held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases – found that COVID-19 coagulation impairment, driven in part by endothelial Factor VIII, is associated with liver injury in infected patients. The study’s findings also show that IL-6 trans-signaling, which may play a role in COVID-19 development, results in prothrombotic liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) that may mediate the liver injury via elevated Factor VIII and activation of coagulation in the liver microvasculature.

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Data from a new study presented this week at The Liver Meeting Digital Experience® – held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases – found that the distribution of a person’s body fat affects coronary heart disease risk, with an increased risk of heart events among people with a combination of high visceral adipose tissue (VAT) – abdominal fat─ and low liver fat. The study’s findings indicate that liver triglyceride regulation plays an important role in heart health in people with discordant visceral adipose tissue and liver fat levels.

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Data from a new study presented this week at The Liver Meeting Digital Experience® – held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases – found that the burden of cirrhosis in women in North America has increased substantially in recent years, a worrying trend driven by a rise in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Projections suggest that both ALD and NAFLD rates will result in even higher cirrhosis incidence by 2040, with the most worrisome upward trends seen in young women with ALD and post-menopausal women with NAFLD.

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Data from a new study presented this week at The Liver Meeting Digital Experience® – held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)– found that among pregnant women with hepatitis C virus (HCV), more than 25 percent were initially diagnosed during pregnancy screenings, which supports prenatal care as an important opportunity to screen for HCV in women. However, the study also found that less than one third of infants receive appropriate HCV testing, a significant care gap.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI muestra que casi uno de cada cinco padres de niños con alergias alimentarias son el blanco de intimidación por parte de múltiples fuentes.

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A new study being presented at this year’s virtual American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Annual Scientific Meeting examined hospital data and determined those with allergic conditions did not have more severe COVID-related disease than those without.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI analiza los datos de los hospitales para determinar si aquellas personas con condiciones alérgicas tenían enfermedades más graves relacionadas con el COVID en comparación con aquellas que no las tenían.

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A new study being presented at this year’s virtual ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reveals that “show rates” for children with asthma – how often parents brought their kids to an appointment rather than being a “no show” – increased with the use of telemedicine during four months of the pandemic.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI revela que, durante los cuatro meses de la pandemia, las "tasas de visitas" de los niños con asma, la frecuencia con que los padres traen a sus hijos a una cita, aumentaron con el uso de la telemedicina.

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A new study being presented at this year’s virtual ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reveals the impact on food allergy quality of life (FAQOL) for Asian patients and their parents is significantly higher than for other races.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI revela que el impacto que tienen las alergias alimentarias en la calidad de vida (FAQOL) de los pacientes asiáticos y sus padres es significativamente mayor que para otras razas.

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A medically challenging case presented at this year’s virtual ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting revealed that for a man with several skin allergies, mask-wearing triggered his contact dermatitis.

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Un caso médicamente difícil presentado en la Reunión Científica Anual del ACAAI de este año, reveló que para un hombre con varias alergias cutáneas, el uso de una máscara desencadenó una dermatitis por contacto.

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A presentation at this year’s virtual ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reveals the disparities that exist for Black and Hispanic children when it comes to Atopic Dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema.

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Una presentación llevada a cabo en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año, revela las disparidades que existen para los niños negros e hispanos en cuanto a la Dermatitis Atópica (DA), comúnmente conocida como eccema.

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The American College of Radiology® (ACR®) Council Steering Committee has made the decision to conduct the ACR 2021 Annual Meeting (ACR 2021) virtually May 15-19, 2021.

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Physician-researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania will present findings about cardiac care for cancer patients and survivors at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2020.

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At this year’s American College of Rheumatology virtual meeting, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) presented exciting research related to rheumatology and orthopedic surgery. The research focuses on the diagnosis of renal disorders, the risk of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement (TKR), and the care of pediatric and young adult patients with rheumatologic diseases. There are also studies related to the care of rheumatology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Analyzing data from the NIS - Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database, HSS researchers found that African Americans were much less likely to undergo bilateral knee replacement compared to white patients. With respect to in-hospital complication rates, there was no significant difference.

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According to preliminary research conducted by Penn Medicine, increasing rates of food insecurity in counties across the U.S. are independently associated with an increase in cardiovascular death rates among adults between the ages of 20 and 64. This is one of the first national analyses to evaluate changes in both food security and cardiovascular mortality over time, and to see if changes in food insecurity impact cardiovascular health.

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Researchers featured in the “Homeostasis and adaptation of tendons to exercise” symposium—presented this week virtually at the American Physiological Society (APS) Integrative Physiology of Exercise conference—will discuss how exercise, inactivity and the body’s internal clock drive structural changes to tendons and their supportive tissues.

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Researchers at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans honed in on one population particularly at risk during the pandemic: people living with HIV with at-risk alcohol use. They surveyed 80 people living with HIV in Louisiana during that state’s stay-at-home order, recruiting participants from the ongoing longitudinal Aging in Louisiana: Immunosenescence, HIV and Socioenvironmental Factors-Exercise (ALIVE-Ex) study.

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Researchers from the Education University of Hong Kong discovered four different types of exercise—HIIT, high-intensity interval running, moderate-intensity continuous cycling and moderate-intensity continuous running—resulted in similar positive effects on cognitive (executive) function in healthy young men.

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“We are asking how many HIIT sessions do we need to elicit a medically meaningful change in fitness in clinical patients," said researchers from the University of Otago, New Zealand. Findings suggest preoperative HIIT reduces complications during recovery after surgery. The study also indicates better physical fitness improves the holistic quality of life in patients, making them more resilient and the activities of daily living more manageable.

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Researchers from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada, tested the effects of a 12-week HIIT regimen on the physiological parameters—specifically gene expression in monocytes—of women with type 2 diabetes who developed cardiovascular disease. The findings show HIIT reduced the expression of 56 genes known to be associated with inflammation. This suggests HIIT could mitigate inflammation, resulting in favorable physiological adaptions in women with type 2 diabetes.

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death around the world after heart disease. This week, researchers exploring the effects of exercise as a natural preventive tool and noninvasive treatment for cancer will present their work at the American Physiological Society (APS) Integrative Physiology of Exercise conference.

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A team from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil, studied the long-term health consequences of COVID-19. The team surveyed four men and six women who recovered from COVID-19 in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

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The health disruptions caused by COVID-19 reverberate even beyond those who have contracted SARS-CoV-2. As the pandemic triggers moves to limit contact and thus transmission, many have found their daily routines, including their exercise habits, changing. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends adults between 18 and 64 get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise a week. WHO identifies physical inactivity as the “fourth leading risk factor for global mortality” and attributes approximately 3.2 million deaths a year to insufficient physical activity.

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People who exercise by walking at their own pace burn fat most efficiently, according to researchers at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.

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Stephanie Dakin, PhD, BVetMed, from the University of Oxford in the U.K., studied the microscopic characteristics of tendons in people with exercise-related tendinopathy. Tendinopathy is a tendon disorder that causes pain, inflammation and limited function of the affected joint. Her research team found an increased number of blood vessels and cells—suggestive of inflammatory response—in the injured tendon samples when compared with healthy tissue.

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Michael Kjaer, MD, PhD, of Copenhagen University and Bispebjerg Hospital in Denmark, will discuss the effects of exercise and sedentary behavior on tendon loading and collagen turnover. “The collagen turnover in tendon can be up- and down-regulated with exercise or inactivity, respectively, and specific parts of the tendon are responsible for this loading-induced collagen dynamics. Long-term overuse of tendon (e.g., intense training) results in disturbed homeostasis and swelling of the tendon, excess angiogenesis and upregulated formation of collagen,” Kjaer wrote.

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Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the U.S. and accounts for roughly 25% of all cancer deaths. Patrick Ryan, MS, from Texas A&M University, and his research team found that treating cultured lung cancer cells with blood collected from contracting muscles—muscles that were exercised—did not grow as much as untreated cells.

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Emily LaVoy, PhD, of the University of Houston, and colleagues explored the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer can be a particularly dangerous form of cancer because it is often diagnosed in later stages and spreads quickly. Though the trial sample was small—thus warranting further study—the results were optimistic.

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Marie Mclaughlin, MSc, from Edinburgh Napier University in Scotland, will present research on human endothelial cells treated with FEC-T, a chemotherapy regimen that combines four drugs (5 fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and docetaxel). The researchers found that preconditioning the endothelial cells with serum (blood) from people who habitually exercise caused less cell death than samples that were treated with untrained serum (people who exercised less than 75 minutes per week). "Exercise preconditioning can provide protection against these detrimental effects in vitro," Mclaughlin explained.

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A research team led by Jared Dickinson, PhD, from Central Washington University, followed people with breast cancer who were treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.

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Kai Zou, PhD, and his doctoral student, Benjamin Kugler, MS, of the University of Massachusetts Boston, examined the link between physical activity and tumor growth in a mouse model.

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A study from investigators at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston has found that the synovial fluid and blood of people experiencing checkpoint inhibitor-induced arthritis is populated by a type of T cells rarely seen in people with other types of inflammatory arthritis. The findings are being presented at the virtual American College of Rheumatology annual meeting.

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Researchers have identified several factors that should help improve the diagnosis of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). The new study was presented at the virtual annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology.

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HSS shares successful strategies for developing and implementing self-management programs for people with rheumatic conditions at the virtual annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology.

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Children with arthritis affecting five or more joints, called polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (polyarticular JIA), living in less affluent families were twice as likely to report more than an hour of morning joint stiffness, compared to their counterparts from more affluent families, according to a study by investigators at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). Parents and physicians should be aware that morning joint stiffness may indicate early disease symptoms of polyarticular JIA and serve as a more reliable indicator than pain.

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The incidence of dementia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is lower in patients receiving biologic or targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) than in patients who receive conventional synthetic DMARDs, according to a new study. The study was presented at the virtual annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology.