APS will host the Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases: Physiology and Gender conference Nov. 17–20, in Annapolis, Md. This meeting will bring together leading scientists studying the influence of sex and gender on cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic health and disease.
Despite the quadrupling of heroin overdose deaths over the past decade and a dramatic rise in deaths from prescription painkillers, the percentage of people getting treatment for their opioid abuse and dependence has remained the same, new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research suggests.
If you take certain atoms and make them almost as cold as they possibly can be, the atoms will fuse into a collective low-energy quantum state called a Bose-Einstein condensate. In 1968 physicist Herbert Fröhlich predicted that a similar process at a much higher temperature could concentrate all of the vibrational energy in a biological protein into its lowest-frequency vibrational mode. Now scientists in Sweden and Germany have the first experimental evidence of such so-called Fröhlich condensation. They report their results in the journal Structural Dynamics.
A simple new electron-beam multilayer deposition technique for creating intracavity contacts -- an important component of gallium nitride-based (III-nitride) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) -- not only yields intriguing optoelectronic properties but also paves the way for others entering this realm of research. The new technique was developed by a team of researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Nearly four in ten older adults say that managing their health care needs is difficult for them or their families, that medical appointments or tests get delayed or don’t get done, or that all of the requirements of their health care are too much to handle, new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research suggests.
Ignoring children’s emotional outbursts is a strategy commonly employed by parents with a wide range of psychological know-how, drawing on their intuition, family tradition, modeling, or simple desperation. Despite its widespread use, parental ignoring has previously received little attention or assessment by child development professionals.
In a study involving 2,400 men who have sex with men who were also enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, researchers report that men with HIV who were treated effectively with HIV therapy — defined as no detectable HIV virus in the blood — were the least likely (80 percent less likely) to get infected with HBV over a median follow-up of approximately 9.5 years
For all our love of the simple slice of bread, we don’t have a solid understanding of much of the science behind squishy dough, like the interplay between a dough's microstructure and its rheology -- the way in which it deforms and flows. Understanding this science would help bakers improve bread recipes intended for ovens both big and small. Next month, during The Society of Rheology's 87th Annual Meeting, a team of researchers from Belgium and the Netherlands will describe how gluten and starch affect the overall dough behavior, as well as the optimal amount of glucose oxidase enzyme to use to enhance bread-making performance.
In what they say was a lucky and unexpected finding, researchers at Johns Hopkins say they’ve discovered that male fruit flies lay down an odorant, or pheromone, that not only attracts females to lay eggs nearby, but also guides males and females searching for food. The discovery, they say, offers clues about how flies, and probably other creatures, navigate complex environments and use odors to guide important behavioral decisions.
A multicenter study of young patients with bipolar disorder provides what may be the most scientifically rigorous demonstration to date that lithium — a drug used successfully for decades to treat adults with the condition — can also be safe and effective for children suffering from it.
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the National Institutes of Health today announced the award of $4.5 million to the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and Georgetown University to study the impact of environmental metal and metalloid exposures on mammographic breast density, a marker of breast cancer.
The National Eye Institute (NEI), part of NIH, has appointed three new members to the National Advisory Eye Council (NAEC) who are attending their first NAEC meeting as council members today. The NAEC provides guidance on research, training, and other NEI programs.
Expectant mothers who live near active natural gas wells operated by the fracking industry in Pennsylvania are at an increased risk of giving birth prematurely and for having high-risk pregnancies, new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research suggests.
Working with gut stem cells from humans and mice, scientists from the Johns Hopkins Children's Center and the University of Pittsburgh have successfully grown healthy intestine atop a 3-D scaffold made of a substance used in surgical sutures.
In support of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), APL researchers have developed a concept for a more accurate method of delivering certain types of messages that could even warn users to avoid particular nearby locations.
A team from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and Stanford University took an important step toward safer and faster charging of lithium-ion batteries by advancing the capability for dynamic, noninvasive internal temperature measurement.
A research team reports progress in understanding the mysterious shape-shifting ways of stem cells, which have vast potential for medical research and disease treatment.
Astronomers studying images from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ESO's Very Large Telescope were surprised to uncover fast-moving, large-scale, wave-like features embedded in the vast disk of gas and dust surrounding the young, nearby star AU Microscopii. The features are unlike anything ever observed. These results will be published in the Oct. 8 issue of Nature. Learn even more about AU Mic by joining a live Hubble Hangout discussion with astronomers at 3:00 pm EDT on Thurs., Oct. 8 at http://hbbl.us/y6M.
A team of NIBIB-supported bioengineers are working to reduce blood clots caused by platelet activation in ventricular assist devices (VADs) implanted in advanced heart failure patients. Previously, the team re-engineered the VAD's high-speed rotors to eliminate more than 90% of platelet activation and clotting. The current study examines the role of platelet stiffness in activation with the goal of developing treatments that would increase platelet pliability and further reduce platelet activation and clotting.
The Obama administration is enlisting help from the Johns Hopkins University's Everyone Graduates Center in a just-announced initiative to reduce chronic absenteeism in public schools by at least 10 percent a year.
In the tumultuous real estate market of the 2000s, some U.S. homebuyers found wealth while others took big hits. But no matter when they bought, most black first-time homeowners lost money, a Johns Hopkins University study found
More than one in four Americans has taken prescription painkillers in the past year, even as a majority say that abuse of these medications is a very serious public health concern, according to new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research.
A Johns Hopkins surgeon and prominent patient safety researcher is calling on hospitals to reform emergency room, surgical and other medical protocols that sicken up to half of already seriously ill patients — in some cases severely — with preventable and potentially dangerous bouts of food and sleep deprivation.
New findings from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) — including data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), built and operated by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland — provide the strongest evidence yet that liquid water flows intermittently on present-day Mars.
"People intuitively know that frost can be bad," said Amy Betz, a professor in mechanical engineering at Kansas State University. Betz and her colleagues have created a surface that can significantly delay frost formation, even at temperatures of down to 6 degrees Celsius below freezing. The surface is biphilic, meaning it repels water in some areas and attracts it in others. The researchers describe their results in a paper in the journal Applied Physics Letters.
A group of researchers in Japan is exploring the behavior of a certain type of SET (single-electron transistor) made from two quantum dots, which are bits of material so small they start to exhibit quantum properties. The group has produced a detailed analysis of the electrical characteristics of the so-called double-quantum-dot SETs, which could help researchers design better devices to manipulate single electrons. They report their findings in the Journal of Applied Physics.
The 2015 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded today to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald for "the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass." To help journalists and the public understand the context of this work, AIP has compiled a Physics Nobel Prize Resources page featuring relevant scientific papers and articles, quotes from experts and other resources. Seminal papers from the American Physical Society as well as coverage of that work in Physics Today and other relevant papers published by AIP Publishing have now been made freely available.
The American Institute of Physics (AIP) announced today that physicist, editor and science writer Charles Day will soon assume the role of Editor-in-Chief of Physics Today (http://www.physicstoday.org) the world's most influential and closely followed magazine devoted to physics and the physical science community.
Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health have developed a novel mouse model for the vision disorder Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and found that they can use gene therapy to improve visual function in the mice. LHON is one of many diseases tied to gene mutations that damage the tiny energy factories that power our cells, called mitochondria.
Mercy Medical Center has announced the opening of a new, state-of-the-art Endoscopy Suite to promote and practice gastrointestinal health.
The fall 2015 issue of Changing Business is now available online and in print. The cover story, “Trial by Fire,” examines a study in which workers in various fields can benefit from the lessons that wildfire fighting offers in performing well under unpredictable circumstances. The topic is of particular timeliness as states in the Western U.S. continue to battle spreading wildfires.
NIBIB-funded researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a smartphone-based device that can reliably carry out molecular diagnoses in under an hour for approximately two dollars per patient. The device could enable point-of-care cancer diagnostics in low- to middle-income or remote areas, which often have high rates of mortality from cancer due to missed opportunities for treatment.
Gastric bypass surgery can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes along with weight loss. A new study examines why, finding that insulin sensitivity of the body's main glucose (sugar) storage sites improve after gastric bypass surgery.
After eight years of analysis, scientists from around the world have completed an unprecedented project to delineate a wide spectrum of human genetic variation. This enormous catalog of data, known as the 1000 Genomes Project, will yield insights for decades. Scientists from the University of Maryland School of Medicine played a key role in the consortium, and co-authored two papers published this week about the effort in the current issue of the journal Nature.
Clinical use of next generation sequencing (NGS) was implemented early in cancers and inherited diseases; now, its technology and applications are being applied to infectious diseases.
Interdisciplinary researchers across the nation, led by Jodi Jacobson Frey, PhD, MSW, and Tanya Sharpe, PhD, MSW, will examine an online screening tool and an online therapeutic program known as Man Therapy, specifically addressing some of the gender-specific issues that increase the risk of suicide for men, including their reluctance to seek help and follow through with treatment.
Over time, the electrodes inside a rechargeable battery cell can grow tiny, branch-like filaments called dendrites, causing short circuits that kill the battery or even ignite it in flames. But thanks to new experiments and computer simulations, researchers from the California Institute of Technology have explored in detail how higher temperatures can break down these dendrites — and possibly extend battery lifetimes. They discuss their findings in this week’s Journal of Chemical Physics.
Using pieces of human tumors grafted into mice, a team led by Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center researchers and their colleagues from the University of Torino has identified new mutations in six genes related to drug resistance and sensitivity in late-stage colorectal cancer.
The Johns Hopkins University and DuPont have signed license and collaboration agreements allowing DuPont to commercialize a garment with innovative features from Johns Hopkins to help protect people on the front lines of the Ebola crisis and future deadly infectious disease outbreaks.
Russell H. Taylor, a Johns Hopkins professor who is widely hailed as the father of medical robotics, has been selected to receive the 2015 Honda Prize. The selection was announced Sept. 28 by the Honda Foundation, which initiated the honor in 1980 as Japan’s first international science and technology award.
An effort to peer into the origins of the universe with the most effective instrument ever used in the effort is taking a big step forward, as Johns Hopkins University scientists begin shipping a two-story-tall microwave telescope to its base in Chile.
The crude annual incidence rates for syphilis among U.S. service members rose 49.1 percent over a health surveillance period from 2010 to 2014, according to a new analysis published in the September issue of the Medical Surveillance Monthly Report from the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC).
Bethesda, Md --Dr. David Riggs, one of our nation’s foremost psychologists and an expert on the effects of military service and deployments, will become chair of the Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology (MPS) at the F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine – “America’s Medical School” - at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Md. He will assume this new role in November, 2015.
Numerous studies have identified obesity and poor diet as risk factors for insulin resistance and diabetes. Now, a new study adds another risk factor to the list: inflammatory lung disease. The article is published ahead-of-print in the American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.
The primary mechanism behind evaporative patterning has long been known: water evaporates faster at the edges of drops, which gives rise to a fluid flow carrying dissolved substances all the way to the edges. There, aggregates form, leading to residual patterns. But how does the transition between different patterning occur? Can we control patterning by altering the dynamics? A team from Harvard University explored these questions and describes their findings in the Physics of Fluids.
An alloy first made nearly two decades ago by the U. S. Navy could provide an efficient new way to produce electricity. The material, dubbed Galfenol, consists of iron doped with the metal gallium. In new experiments, a team of researchers has shown that Galfenol can generate as much as 80 megawatts of instantaneous power per cubic meter under strong impacts. The team describes the findings in the Journal of Applied Physics.
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