• People with apple-shaped bodies tend to have lower kidney function, lower kidney blood flow, and higher blood pressure within the kidneys than people with pear-shaped bodies. • The findings may help explain why people with apple-shaped bodies are more likely than those with pear-shaped bodies to develop kidney disease.
Johns Hopkins scientists have created a free, Web-based tool to help patients decide whether it's best to accept an immediately available, but less-than-ideal deceased donor kidney for transplant, or wait for a healthier one in the future.
• Individuals who are overweight starting in early adulthood are twice as likely to have chronic kidney disease at age 60 to 64 years than those who are not overweight. • Larger waist-to-hip ratios (“apple-shaped” bodies) during middle age are also linked with chronic kidney disease at age 60 to 64 years.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have released study results that show national treatment trends in the surgical management of patients with kidney disease. The study found that partial and complete kidney removal (total nephrectomy) and energy-based techniques to destroy tumors are all on the rise. Surprisingly, the patients most in need of kidney-sparing surgery are still more likely to undergo total nephrectomy.
• Among individuals with chronic kidney disease, adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with a greater likelihood of surviving over a 13-year period. • The greatest survival benefits were related to nonsmoking. 60 million people globally have chronic kidney disease.
• Suboptimal kidney response to the hormone FGF-23 may put chronic kidney disease patients at increased risk of premature death and cardiovascular events. • Resistance to the hormonal actions of FGF-23 in the kidney may identify novel aspects of kidney dysfunction. 60 million people globally have chronic kidney disease.
• African Americans with kidney disease whose blood pressure changed significantly from day to day were nearly three times as likely to die prematurely than patients whose blood pressure changed very little. African Americans are more likely than whites to develop kidney disease and die prematurely.
• A study of kidney failure patients found that fewer patients in large-metro and rural counties received kidney specialist care before developing kidney failure than patients in medium/small-metro counties. • In all geographic areas, black patients received less care before developing kidney failure than their white counterparts. More than 590,000 Americans in 2010 were treated for kidney failure; more than 20 million Americans had some level of chronic kidney disease.
• Certain mutations and combinations of mutations in immune-related genes affect individuals’ risk of developing a rare but serious kidney condition. • These mutations also affect patient prognosis following different treatments. About half of patients with the condition, called atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, develop kidney failure.
• A technique that removes additional toxins during dialysis decreased kidney failure patients’ risk of dying from any cause by 30% over three years. • The technique also reduced patients’ risk of dying from heart-related causes or infections.
University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) nephrologists have reported for the first time in medical literature cases of acute kidney injury directly linked with synthetic marijuana use. The case studies are reported online in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology and will appear in the March 2013 print edition of the journal.
• Adding fruits and vegetables to the diet is an effective alternative to medication to reduce metabolic acidosis and kidney injury in late-stage chronic kidney disease. Metabolic acidosis is a common complication of kidney disease.
• Compared with standard dialysis, frequent dialysis can cause complications related to repeated access to the blood. • The findings provide valuable information for dialysis patients and their physicians.
Acute kidney injury strikes large numbers of hospitalized patients, including those with no prior kidney-related illness, and is one of the most costly and deadly conditions affecting critically ill patients. Findings published today in Critical Care from a Mayo Clinic-led, multicenter study identify two biomarkers of acute kidney injury that can be easily measured in urine and detect affected patients roughly 12 to 36 hours earlier than current tests.
A new study from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (CKD-PC) found that in general chronic kidney disease is similarly associated with a higher risk of death and end stage renal disease for both women and men. The findings were released online in advance of publication in BMJ.
• Among people without diabetes or kidney disease, 10-year mortality was 7.7%. • Among individuals with diabetes but without kidney disease, mortality was 11.5%. • Among those with both diabetes and kidney disease, mortality was 31.1%.
• Residence in areas with higher average household income was linked with improved survival in kidney failure patients. • In White patients, income inequality was associated with mortality. • In Black patients exclusively, residence in highly segregated areas was associated with increased mortality. More than 590,000 Americans in 2010 were treated for kidney failure.
• While safe and well-tolerated, angiotensin II blockade did not lessen tissue scarring or prevent kidney failure in kidney transplant recipients. Angiotensin II blockade is known to slow kidney disease progression in individuals without transplants.
A team of scientists has developed a playbook for ending the devastating impact of fibrotic diseases of the liver, lung, kidney, and other organs, which are responsible for as many as 45 percent of all deaths in the industrialized world.
• Retention of certain compounds that are normally excreted by the kidneys may cause insulin resistance, or prediabetes, in kidney disease patients. • When mice with kidney disease were treated with a prebiotic that reduces blood levels of these compounds, insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities were prevented.
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