Curated News: Medical Meetings

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Utilizing a magnetically-controlled capsule endoscopy system, the double-blind, randomized OPT-PEACE trial found that nearly all patients receiving antiplatelet therapy developed evidence of abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal findings on capsule endoscopy. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by single anti-platelet therapy (SAPT) led to less GI injury than continued DAPT.

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Results from the largest randomized trial available comparing different closure device strategies following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) found that a plug-based vascular closure technique had a shorter time to hemostasis but a higher rate of access-site or access-related vascular complications.

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Allergist Mark Corbett, MD, of Louisville, KY, was installed as president of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology at the ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting on November 8 in New Orleans.

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While investigators have known that maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have improved over time, it is unknown whether the improved outcomes are shared equally among different racial and ethnic groups. Lupus has been shown to disproportionately affect minorities of childbearing age. A new study that includes researchers from Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) presented today at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) annual meeting shows that pregnancy outcomes in women with lupus have improved in all racial and ethnic groups over the past decade, but disparities still exist.

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An economic analysis of data from PARTNER 3, a randomized trial comparing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis and low surgical risk, found that despite higher procedural costs, at 2-year follow-up, quality-adjusted life expectancy was greater and total costs were lower with TAVR; as a result, at 2-years, TAVR was cost-effective for these patients.

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Results from SUGAR, a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial conducted exclusively in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and with minimum exclusion criteria, found that amphilimus-eluting stents (AES) were superior to zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZES) with regard to target lesion and target vessel failure composite outcomes at one year.

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The primary results of the Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation (FAME) 3 trial found that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) did not meet noninferiority for one-year adverse events compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease. Patients with a low SYNTAX score (which measures the complexity of coronary artery disease) had less incidence of adverse events compared to those with intermediate or high SYNTAX scores, and in this cohort of patients PCI performed more favorably.

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Six-month outcomes from the randomized RADIANCE-HTN TRIO Trial comparing endovascular ultrasound renal denervation (RDN) to a sham procedure for treatment-resistant hypertension (HTN) found that the addition of a pharmacologic intervention led to further blood pressure reductions after RDN with a smaller increase in additional medications prescribed and less use of diuretics.

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The FAVOR III China trial found that lesion selection for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using the non-invasively assessed physiologic measurement quantitative flow ratio (QFR) improved outcomes for PCI compared with a standard angiography-guided strategy.

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New five-year data from the SURTAVI trial found that there was no difference in all-cause mortality or stroke between patients at intermediate surgical risk who had transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgery. Although there were initially more reinterventions after TAVR, the rates were similar after two years and key clinical endpoints were also similar.

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• People who are on dialysis or who have undergone kidney transplantation have immune system–related differences compared with people with normal kidney function, and these differences are further amplified by SARS-CoV-2 infection. • The findings may help explain why these individuals face a higher risk of dying from COVID-19. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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• Taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors was linked with lower risks of developing cardiovascular disease and kidney failure among patients with type 1 diabetes when using prediction models called the Steno Type 1 Risk Engines. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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A new study by researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City demonstrates over half of patients with rheumatic diseases who contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic and completed a COVID-19 survey, experienced so-called “long-haul” COVID, or prolonged symptoms of the infection, including loss of taste or smell, muscle aches and difficulty concentrating, for one month or longer.

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Crowdsourcing has become an increasingly popular way to develop machine learning algorithms to address many clinical problems in a variety of illnesses. Today at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) annual meeting, a multicenter team led by an investigator from Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) presented the results from the RA2-DREAM Challenge, a crowdsourced effort focused on developing better methods to quantify joint damage in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

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• Results from a recent clinical trial indicate that the diabetes drug dapagliflozin slows kidney function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease, regardless of whether they have diabetes. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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The results of numerous high-impact clinical trials that could affect kidney-related medical care will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have recently developed a successful predictive model for hospitalized cancer patients that integrates heterogeneous data available in electronic health records.

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A new study being presented at this ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reveals that most young adults surveyed did not receive sufficient transition preparation from their pediatric asthma providers.

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Two new studies being presented at this year’s ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting show most people who think they will have an allergic reaction, or who believe they have had an allergic response to the first vaccine, can safely be fully vaccinated.

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A new study being presented at this year’s ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reveals that although 58% of those surveyed reported their primary care physician discussed early peanut introduction, only 40% of the parents said they received a recommendation to introduce peanut by 11 months of age.

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A new study being presented at this year’s ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting showed the majority of pregnant women with a penicillin allergy label who were tested were not allergic and could tolerate penicillin during labor.

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A new study being presented at this year’s ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reveals Latinos with asthma were 4.6 times more likely than Blacks to develop asthma exacerbations (uncontrolled asthma) following COIVD-19, and 2.9 times more likely than whites.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año revela que, aunque el 58 % de los encuestados informaron de que su médico de atención primaria (PCP) les habló sobre la incorporación temprana del cacahuate, solo el 40 % de los padres dijo haber recibido una recomendación de incorporar el cacahuate antes de los 11 meses de edad.

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Dos nuevos estudios que se presentan en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año muestran que la mayoría de las personas que piensan que tendrán una reacción alérgica, o que creen que han tenido una respuesta alérgica a la primera vacuna, pueden recibir todas las dosis de la vacuna de forma segura.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año hizo un seguimiento de 5874 niños con asma en Los Ángeles durante 15 años y descubrió que no hubo un aumento de las sensibilizaciones alérgicas.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año revela que la mayoría de los adultos encuestados no recibió preparación suficiente para su transición de parte de sus proveedores de la salud de asma infantil.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año revela que la población latina con asma tenían 4.6 veces más probabilidad que la población negra de presentar exacerbaciones del asma (asma no controlada) después de la COVID-19 y 2.9 veces más probabilidad que la población blanca.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año revela que la incorporación temprana del huevo está asociada con una menor probabilidad de tener alergia al huevo.

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Un nuevo caso médicamente difícil presentado en la Reunión Científica Anual del ACAAI de este año informa de una situación en la que un medicamento antinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE) causó una reacción anafiláctica en una maratonista.

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A new medically challenging case presented at this year’s ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reports a situation in which a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug caused an anaphylactic reaction in a female runner.

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A new study being presented at this year’s ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting reveals that early egg introduction is associated with decreased egg allergy.

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Un nuevo estudio que se presenta en la Reunión científica anual del ACAAI de este año mostró que la mayoría de las mujeres embarazadas con una etiqueta de alergia a la penicilina a las que se les hizo la prueba no eran alérgicas y podían tolerar la penicilina durante el parto.

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A new study being presented at this year’s ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting followed 5,874 kids with asthma in Los Angeles for 15 years and found no increase in allergic sensitizations.

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• Certain factors may explain why men are more likely than women to develop kidney stones. • The gap between men and women in terms of risk of stones is getting smaller. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4-November 7.

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• Among hospitalized patients, a diagnosis of acute kidney injury was linked to worse patient outcomes after hospital discharge. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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• Among adults undergoing cardiac surgery, those who took proton pump inhibitors before surgery were more likely to develop acute kidney injury and to die during hospitalization. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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• New research indicates that substantial discrepancies exist between eGFR and mGFR, which are different assessments of kidney function, even in an individual patient. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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• Investigators found that the Kidney Disease Risk Equation can predict a patient’s likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease, based on readily available information. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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• Among adults with hypertension, air pollution exposure was not linked with blood levels of Galectin 3, a marker of scarring in the heart; however, in adults who also had chronic kidney disease, air pollution exposure was associated with rising levels of Galectin 3. • Results from the study will be presented online at ASN Kidney Week 2021 November 4–November 7.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, shows that people with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who take immunosuppressive therapy appear to have an impaired immunity response to SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, vaccines. Patients currently on glucocorticoids or B-cell depleting therapy appear to have an even more severely impeded vaccine response.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, shows that proactive therapeutic drug monitoring, a newer treatment strategy where a patient’s drug serum levels are regularly assessed to adjust the dose and intervals, controlled disease more effectively than standard therapy with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, found that an innovative new artificial neural network can detect radiographic sacroiliitis in patients with suspected axial spondyloarthritis, a progressive disease that is more common in young adults.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, shows that statins are associated with reduced rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in people with rheumatoid arthritis, but only modestly increase risk of type-2 diabetes, suggesting that statins’ benefits outweigh the risks in these patients.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, shows that allopurinol and febuxostat may effectively lower urate levels when used in a treat-to-target approach. Importantly, both urate-lowering therapies were very effective with 90% of patients reaching target urate levels. Additionally, both appeared safe, with no evidence of increased cardiovascular toxicity.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, found that racial and ethnic disparities for disease activity persist in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Black and Hispanic patients often had higher disease activity and lower self-reported functional status when compared to white patients.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, shows significant decreases in infections among people with psoriatic arthritis over the years 2012-2017.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, shows that people with systemic autoimmune diseases do as well after lung or heart-lung transplants as those without any systemic causes of end-stage lung disease.

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New research presented this week at ACR Convergence, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting, found that patients started on early, aggressive treatment with a combination of biologic and conventional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) achieved clinically inactive disease in children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) more frequently compared to other treatment plans 24 months after starting treatment.