Feature Channels: Geology

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With the rise in machine learning applications and artificial intelligence, it's no wonder that more and more scientists and researchers are turning to supercomputers. Supercomputers are commonly used for making predictions with advanced modeling and simulations. This can be applied to climate research, weather forecasting, genomic sequencing, space exploration, aviation engineering and more.

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A new study suggests ice recovered from high tropical mountains can reveal key insights about Earth’s past climate changes

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Can a volcano erupt after tens of thousands of years of dormancy? If so, how can this be explained and what makes volcanic eruptions more dangerous, i.e. explosive? These are key questions in volcanic hazard assessment and can also draw attention to volcanoes that appear to be inactive.

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When it comes to greenhouse gases, methane is one the biggest contributors. Not only is it massively abundant — it’s about 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere.

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Record breaking marine heatwaves will cause devastating mass coral bleaching worldwide in the next few years, according to a University of Queensland coral reef scientist.

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Night-time warming is vital, but conventional methods like active heaters are energy-intensive and contribute to carbon emissions.

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In southern Germany just north of the Danube, there lies a large circular depression between the hilly surroundings: the Nördlinger Ries.

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Researchers have discovered magnetic monopoles – isolated magnetic charges – in a material closely related to rust, a result that could be used to power greener and faster computing technologies.

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A recent study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth sheds new light on the formation of the East Coast of the United States – a “passive margin,” in geologic terms – during the breakup of the supercontinent Pangea and the opening of the Atlantic Ocean around 230 million years ago.

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Atmospheric scientists at UAlbany and China’s Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory recently co-published a new paper in AGU’s Geophysical Research Letters that finds unstable atmospheric conditions have significantly increased over the last several decades.

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Traditional remote sensing satellites have struggled to meet the growing demand for real-time, popular applications of geospatial data. LuoJia3-01, launched on January 15, 2023, addresses this by establishing a novel, open-mode experimental verification platform that integrates remote sensing and communication.

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Urban buildings, essential to socio-economic activities, present a complex dynamic of form and function.

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In a recent paper published in the KeAi journal Rock Mechanics Bulletin, a scientist from Uppsala University presented a discussion on the mechanism of emergence in fractured media from a combined statistical physics and rock mechanics perspective.

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Computer scientist Dr. Satish Puri is working on ways to organize and search for petabytes of geospatial data. He is developing algorithms that can use data for everything from geophysical trends to social issues. His work will eventually be incorporated into publicly available software for mapping and analytics.

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An international team of researchers around botanists at the University of Vienna, Austria, has now analyzed the morphological diversity of fossilized flowers and compared it with the diversity of living species.

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A multinational team of scientists, drillers and engineers has deployed to a remote part of Antarctica on an urgent mission to predict how fast the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will melt from global and ocean warming.

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Scientists rely on pyrite, also known as “fool’s gold,” as a sensitive recorder of oceanic conditions, used to reconstruct timelines of global environmental change. Research from Washington University in St. Louis helps separate out local effects and sheds new light on the role of ancient microbial activity in driving the signals.

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U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) researchers have discovered solar-wind hydrogen in lunar samples, which indicates that water on the surface of the Moon may provide a vital resource for future lunar bases and longer-range space exploration.

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Despite public perception, the Antarctic ozone hole has been remarkably massive and long-lived over the past four years, University of Otago researchers believe chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) aren’t the only things to blame.

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The world’s total population is expected to reach 9.9 billion by 2050. This rapid increase in population is boosting the demand for agriculture to cater for the increased demand. Below are some of the latest research and features on agriculture and farming in the Agriculture channel on Newswise.

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Researchers have discovered a series of large undersea sediment deposits in a region near Italy that were likely formed by an ancient volcanic supereruption.

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In the largest survey of its kind ever conducted, using both satellite imagery and old aerial photos from the Danish National Archives, researchers from the University of Copenhagen firmly establish that Greenland’s glaciers are melting at an unprecedented pace.

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Scientists have calculated a way to determine the speed of past underwater landslides, a new study has found.

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Missouri University of Science and Technology has been awarded a $850,000 grant to focus on reducing pollution and waste related to the mining of critical minerals. The team will provide training and technical assistance to mining companies on environmentally friendly methods.

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A Cornell analysis finds telescopes could better detect potential chemical signatures of life in an Earth-like exoplanet that more closely resembles the age the dinosaurs inhabited than the one we know today.

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The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr. Jennifer Lotz as the Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Dr. Lotz will begin her five-year appointment as STScI Director starting February 12, 2024.

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Beta-diversity of biological assemblages is central to biogeography and ecology. Researchers from Illinois State Museum in the US and Chongqing University in China have presented a set of novel global maps showing geographic patterns of genus-based beta-diversity of flowering plants.

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Long before Antarctica froze over, rivers carved valleys through mountains in the continent’s east. Millions of years later, researchers have discovered a remnant of this ancient highland landscape thanks to an aerial survey campaign led by the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG).

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A study from an international team led by researchers from Nagoya University in Japan and the University of New Hampshire in the United States has revealed the importance of the Earth’s upper atmosphere in determining how large geomagnetic storms develop.

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Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have successfully isolated a pattern of lab-made ‘foreshock’ tremors. The finding offers hope that future earthquakes could be forecast by the swarm of smaller tremors that come before them.

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NASA sensors scattered across land, sea, and space have collected hundreds of terabytes of Earth science data over the past four decades. Imagine if a digital assistant like Alexa or Siri, powered by artificial intelligence (AI), could quickly and easily sift through that data to answer scientific questions for researchers.

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Read the latest research news on air pollution, nanoplastics, waterborne illnesses and more in the Pollution channel on Newswise.

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Sandia National Laboratories is collaborating with New Mexico-based CSolPower LLC to develop an affordable method of storing energy from renewable sources. The primary goal of the partnership is to transition to zero-carbon solar and wind energy for generating electricity.

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Diamonds contain evidence of the mantle rocks that helped buoy and grow the ancient supercontinent Gondwana from below, according to new research from a team of scientists led by Suzette Timmerman.

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New research focused on the quantum structure of elements under extreme conditions has implications for understanding Earth's evolution, interpreting unusual seismic signals, and even the study of exoplanets for insights into habitability.

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In a ground-breaking first, researchers have carried out hyper-gravity experiment of solute transport in 3D printed fracture network model with geotechnical centrifuge under hyper-gravity environment. This study not only validated the stability of contaminant transport in 3D printed fracture model under high hyper-gravity, but verified the feasibility of using geotechnical centrifuge modeling technique to evaluate the long-term barrier performance of low-permeability fractured rocks.