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Merck & Co., Inc., today announced that it received marketing clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Cosopt (dorzolamide hydrochloride-timolol maleate ophthalmic solution). Cosopt is the first eye drop that combines a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a topical beta-blocking agent, commonly used, effective ophthalmic products with excellent safety profiles. Cosopt is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who do not respond adequately to beta-blockers alone.

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Should a post-menopausal woman, over the age of 50, who has been diagnosed with cystic ovarian tumors, be alarmed? According to conclusions reached in a new study, "The Malignant Potential of Small Cystic Ovarian Tumors in Women Over 50 Years of Age," published in the April issue of Gynecologic Oncology, alarm is unwarranted, but concern is appropriate.

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More than one-third of all gay, lesbian or bisexual teenagers reported in an anonymous in-school survey that they had attempted suicide within the previous 12 months, according to a report in the May 5 issue of Pediatrics. Among straight teenagers, 9.9 percent said they had attempted suicide.

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As more parents log onto the Internet, it is becoming an important resource for health information on common childhood ailments, including asthma. However, since there are no traffic cops, road signs or regulations for the information supperhighway, the accuracy and quality of information varies widely.

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For the past two years, pediatricians at a medical center lacking on-site pediatric cardiology specialists have had access to pediatric cardiologists from Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, NC, at the touch of a button.

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A survey of low-income families in an urban pediatric teaching hospital's primary care setting concluded that 63 percent of these families had access to computers, with 37 percent having a computer at home. The survey, conducted at Children's Hospital in Boston, was designed to determine the feasibility of using the World Wide Web as a vehicle for delivering pediatric health care information.

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A disturbing 79 percent of kids visiting pediatric clinics in the inner cities have witnessed violence first hand, and 49 percent have been direct victims of violence, according to a recent study by pediatricians at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.

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Despite a continuing controversy over the most appropriate scheule for immunization against polio, a majorty of pediatricians surveyed recently have adopted the Centers for Disease Control Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) most recent recommendation to administer doses of both the oral and inactive polio vaccines.

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The Park Leadership Fellows Program at Cornell's Johnson Graduate School of Managment, which offers two-year, full-tuition fellowships to 30 of the nation's top MBA applicants each year, has appointed its first director. Clint Sidle, who has taken on that role, will direct the Fellows program and help develop the other components of the Johnson School's leadership development offerings, including hte Distinguished Speakers series,the Young Leaders series, the annual Leadership Forum, and the Johnson Mentor Program.

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The first major national study of the emergency medicine workforce shows that 32,026 physicians are clinically employed in this new specialty that emerged over the past 30 years in the United States, according to the May issue of Annals of Emergency Medicine. Another study in the issue reports that male spectators in the 20- to 35-year old age group consume the most alcohol at sporting events; 10.8 percent of those in the study were found to be legally intoxicated, and almost 5 percent of spectators with blood alcohol levels of .08 percent or higher claimed to be driving home.

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Children as young as one year of age are being diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a Michigan State University pediatrician has found. In addition, children as young as two are being treated for the disorder with psychotropic drugs such as Ritalin, Prozac and Zoloft.

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DALLAS, May 5 -- Infection by a particularly strong strain of bacteria normally associated with stomach ulcers could be a contributing factor to heart disease, according to a report in today's Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association.

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A breakthrough study on in vivo gene therapy may someda provide the medical know-how to eliminate inherited metabolic disorders.

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For the first time, a school-based intervention called Planet Health, developed by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health, has been shown to reduce obesity in children.

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In one of the first large, comprehensive studies to refute the longheld belief that cocaine-exposed babies often suffer major birth defects, University of Florida researchers found no consistent pattern of abnormalities in these children.

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Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York have successfully disrupted the blood-brain barrier in lab rats and generated compacted protein/DNA complexes small enough to pass through the disrupted barrier, thereby achieving global delivery of genes to the brain for the first time.

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The support of a doula, a female companion experienced in labor and delivery, adds a risk-free, human element to labor and delivery that lowers cesarean rates, shortens labor, and decreases the need for analgesia.

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More than 3,500 incidences of children ingesting coins were reported to poison centers in 1996, with as many as 17 percent of the coins becoming lodged in the esophagus. Allowing for spontaneous passage, rather than performing more invasive procedures, may reduce related complications as well as institutional costs, a study at Boston Children's Hospital found.

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Researchers at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto have determined that pregnancy is common among Toronto's female street youth and that risk of pregnancy is significantly associated with length of time on the street and age at which the youth enter street life. The researchers also discovered that fewer than one-third of street youth who deliver babies care for their children.

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The increased risk of asthma in black children is due more to where they live than to their race, and air cleaners that remove tobacco smoke decrease the risk of asthma complications, according to two studies presented by Rochester pediatrician Andrew Aligne, MD, at the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting in New Orleans.

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Clinicians in rural areas refer a higher percentage of their patients to public immunization clinics than their urban counterparts, reports a study to be presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies' annual meeting in New Orleans May 1-5.

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Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch have found that a growing number of young women may be taking Rohypnol, commonly known as the date-rape drug, to minimize depression and increase self-esteem.

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Organon Inc. has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to market MircetteË™ (desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol and ethinyl estradiol) Tablets, the first oral contraceptive to use a shortened hormone-free interval.

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Though the recent Carnegie Foundation report found fault with many U.S. research universities--arguing that undergraduates are too often simply "receiving what is served out to them," mainly by untrained graduate assistants--the University of Delaware was one of only five institutions cited for "making research-based learning the standard."

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Shattering a record established just 6 weeks ago, astronomers have discovered the most distant object ever seen, an infant galaxy that lies some 12.3 billion light-years from Earth. That immense distance means that the light now reaching Earth left the galaxy when it less than 800 million years old. Details about the finding appear in the May 2 Science News.

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The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine named The Boeing Company, IBM, First Chicago NBD, and Johnson & Johnson as the "healthiest companies" in its 1998 Corporate Health Achievement Award competition.

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Few people are cut out for pressure-cooker jobs such as being a 911 operator or an air traffic controller. University of Washington psychologist have determined that certain people seem to possess a common trait that enables them to handle these kinds of jobs, sometimes involving life and death, and have developed a new test that identifies these individuals.

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Christopher C. Cummins, 32, chemistry professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, will receive the Alan T. Waterman Award for 1998, which is the National Science Foundation's most prestigious prize for young researchers.

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The National Science Board (NSB) will host a ceremony and reception on May 6 honoring annual winners of key awards in science and engineering, and public service. The awards will be presented at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C.

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Researchers at Michigan State University have found that DDE, a by-product of DDT, the now-banned pesticide that continues to have a presence within the Earth's soils and sediments, is degrading naturally in the environment.

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1) Deformed Frogs Might Be Due to Natural Degradation of Pesticides, 2) Chlorinated Dioxins Found in Century-old Soil Sample

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Just as humans may use naphthalene "moth balls" to fumigate their closets, termites may use naphthalene to protect their nests, according to a research group led by urban entomologist Gregg Henderson, Ph.D., at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.

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Cornell astronomer Philip Nicholson and his colleagues have proposed to name the two recently discovered moons of the planet Uranus Caliban and Sycorax, both characters in Shakespeare's play "The Tempest." The astronomers confirm that the two moons, whose discovery was announced on Oct. 31, are the faintest planetary satellites yet imaged by ground-based telescopes.

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Traditional support groups clearly help cancer survivors cope with their experiences, and Internet-based networks can offer many of the same benefits, says a University of Delaware professor who examined the content, advantages andpitfalls of "cyber solace" in a new study published in the January-February issue of "Computers in Nursing."

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Traditional support groups clearly help cancer survivors cope with their experiences, and Internet-based networks can offer many of the same benefits, says a University of Delaware professor who examined the content, advantages and pitfalls of "cyber solace" in a new study published in the January-February issue of Computers in Nursing.

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Though the recent Carnegie Foundation report found fault with many U.S. research universities--arguing that undergraduates are too often simply "receiving what is served out to them," mainly by untrained graduate assistants--the University of Delaware was one of only five institutions cited for "making research-based learning the standard."

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Treatments developed at the University of Minnesota have shown promise in halting or even reversing progress of a rare and deadly brain disease.

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Providing women in labor with the continuous support of an experienced female labor-companion, known as a doula, results in significantly more positive levels of interaction between mothers and infants after delivery.

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While safe, garlic treatment for children with high cholesterol does not lower their cholesterol levels, according to a study by researchers at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto and St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario.

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The Gay and Lesbian Medical Association recently met with representatives of Pfizer Inc., which is launching Viagra, a new medication for treating patients with erectile dysfunction. At this meeting, GLMA and Pfizer Inc. discussed concerns about the impact of Viagra on the health of some gay and bisexual men.

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Dr. Robert Gallo, of the University of Maryland at Baltimore, and Dr. Luc Montagnier, of Queens College, Flushing, N.Y., and Pasteur Institute, Paris, who discovered and isolated HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, are the winners of the Tenth Annual Warren Alpert Foundation Prize.

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The Krannert Graduate School of Management at Purdue University and other business schools around the country are using community service activities to teach leadership and a sense of community to students. For the third time in as many years, the approximately 100 graduate students involved in Krannert's Management Volunteer Program, or MVP, have won the national "MBAs make a difference day" award.

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1) NSF Releases Study on Weather and Climate, 2) New Insight Into Protein Structure May Lead to 'Designer Drugs', 3) NSF Reaches 40 States with Excess Equipment

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Purdue University researchers are leading a national effort to ensure the safety and efficiency of the next generation of nuclear power plants. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has established the Institute of Thermal-Hydraulics at Purdue's School of Nuclear Engineering.

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Less time off in the summer may translate into greater academic achievement for elementary-school students, says a Purdue University expert on year-round schools.

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1) A study finds no link between aspirin use and colorectal cancer, but a separate study finds women on hormone replacement therapy have a 35 percent decrease in colon and rectal cancers. 2) Breast cancer is found at the same stage in black and white women who have regular mammograms. 3) Voluntary, rather than mandatory, testing for HIV in pregnant women is more effective. 4) Treating AIDS as an "exceptional" disease has drawbacks.

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Satellite communications and spread-spectrum digital radios operating in no-license areas of the spectrum will be the focus of a National Science Foundation-(NSF) sponsored Emerging Wireless Communications Workshop May 4-5.

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Migraine and depression, two commonly linked conditions, may now be treated together, according to results of a new study presented today at the 50th annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology. The new oral medication for the treatment of acute migraine from Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Zomig (zolmitriptan), is safe when taken with the antidepression treatment fluoxetine, commonly known by its trade name Prozac.

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A new discovery by researchers at the University of Georgia may help explain why -- when it comes to people -- all veins are not created equal. The scientists demonstrated for the first time dramatic differences in the density of receptors for a powerful blood-borne substance called endothelin. And once again, it's bad news for white males.

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Physical evidence of the existence of extremely acid lakes 270 million years ago over a huge area of the North American midcontinent has been documented by a team of researchers headed by a Central Michigan University geologist. The discovery, featured in the April 30 edition of the scientific journal Nature, could lead to new information useful for the clean-up of modern-day contaminated waters.