Credit: © 2023 Barrow Neurological Institute.
Illustration portraying neurosurgeon’s hands performing microanastomosis under an operating microscope, with continuous tracking of 21 hand landmarks by a supervising machine learning algorithm. Against a backdrop of darkness, an auspicious light radiates at the center, symbolizing the unknown potential that artificial intelligence holds for the future of neurosurgery. Artist: Aaron Cole, MS. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona. See the article by Gonzalez-Romo et al. (E2).