WNT binding to Frizzleds (FZD) is a crucial step that leads to the initiation of signalling cascades governing multiple processes during embryonic development, stem cell regulation and adult tissue homeostasis. Recent efforts have enabled us to shed light on WNT-FZD pharmacology in overexpressed HEK293 cell systems.
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires the coordinated interplay of diverse tissue-resident- and infiltrating cells. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are an interstitial cell population that provides a beneficial microenvironment for muscle stem cells (MuSCs) during muscle regeneration.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved post-transcriptional gene expression regulation mechanism in eukaryotic cells.
Cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) are a small but highly proliferative cell population that resides within cartilage.
Sanfilippo syndrome type B (Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB or MPS IIIB) is a recessive genetic disorder that severely affects the brain due to a deficiency in the enzyme α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), leading to intralysosomal accumulation of partially degraded heparan sulfate.
A Northwestern University-led team of researchers has developed a small, soft, flexible implant that relieves pain on demand and without the use of drugs.
Scientists have developed a CRISPR-based technology that could offer a safer approach to correcting genetic defects. The new “soft” CRISPR system makes use of natural DNA repair machinery, providing a foundation for novel gene therapy strategies with the potential to cure genetic diseases.
Mavacamten (MAVA), Blebbistatin (BLEB), and Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) are promising drugs directly targeting sarcomere dynamics, with demonstrated efficacy against hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in clinical trials.
Woranop Sukparangsi, Ampika Thongphakdee, Santhita Karoon, Nattakorn Suban Na Ayuttaya, Intira Hengkhunthod, Rachapon Parkongkeaw, Rungnapa Bootsri, Wiewaree Sikaeo
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) involve 49 ligand-dependent transcription factors that are important for regulating the cell cycle and processes.
Clonal hematopoiesis resulting from enhanced fitness of mutant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) associates with both favorable and unfavorable health outcomes related to the types of mature mutant blood cells produced, but how this lineage output is regulated is unclear.
Metazoan chromosomes are organized into discrete domains (TADs), believed to contribute to the regulation of transcriptional programs.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation was suggested as a promising approach to treat spinal cord injury (SCI).
The molecular mechanisms controlling the balance of quiescence and proliferation in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are often deregulated in brain cancers such as glioblastoma (GBM).
Xiaotong Chen, Yanqiu Zhao, Qi Li, ShengJin Fan
Intramuscular fatty infiltration in muscle injuries and diseases, caused by aberrant adipogenesis of fibro-adipogenic progenitors, negatively impacts function.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionised the treatment of CML.
A common feature in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the loss of microbial diversity and emergence of opportunistic pathogens that can adversely impact survival.
The repair of critical-sized bone defects, resulting from tumor resection, skeletal trauma or infection, remains a significant clinical problem.
The histone variant H3.3 is enriched at active regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers in mammalian genomes.
Dietary quantity and quality are key determinants for insect development from egg to adult.
The importance of the immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer progression, metastasis, and response to therapies has become increasingly clear, especially with the new emphasis on immunotherapies.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of OA, but the precise target cells and response mechanisms are not well characterised.
Carbon monoxide is best known as a potentially deadly gas. However, in small doses it also has beneficial qualities: It has been shown to reduce inflammation and can help stimulate tissue regeneration.
A new biomedical research tool that enables scientists to measure hundreds of functional proteins in a single cell could offer new insights into cell machinery. Details about the cyclic microchip assay method are published in the journal Nature Communications.
Small-holder farmers in rural Tanzania can improve food security and their wellbeing by adopting agroecological practices, new research funded by UKRI Global Challenges Research Fund has shown.
Bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in TANGO2 (Transport and Golgi Organization protein 2) cause a rare multiorgan genetic disorder.
Activated by its single ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the receptor tyrosine kinase MET is pivotal in promoting glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) self-renewal, invasiveness and tumorigenicity.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous, early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with multifactorial aetiology. There are hundreds of genes that contribute to ASD.
Environmental obesogens are being studied for their potential role in the increasing prevalence of obesity globally.
In Biomicrofluidics, scientists reveal their development of a new type of prosthetic using microfluidics-enabled soft robotics that promises to greatly reduce skin ulcerations and pain in patients who have had an amputation between the ankle and knee. They started with a recent device that uses pneumatic actuators and miniaturized the actuators by designing a microfluidic chip with 10 integrated pneumatic valves to control each actuator. The control box is small and light enough to be worn as part of the prosthesis.
The monumental global task to restore degraded ecosystems will need to include sophisticated technologies such as environmental DNA monitoring to understand and support the recovery of complex biospheres, international researchers say.
It is difficult to capture the large numbers of steps and details that often characterize research in the biomedical sciences.
Drosophila ovarian Follicle Stem Cells (FSC) present an excellent paradigm for understanding how a community of active stem cells maintained by population asymmetry is regulated.
In a recent article, the authors provide a detailed summary of the characteristics and biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as a discussion on the potential mechanisms of action of MSC-based therapies. They describe th
RNA-binding proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 (FBFs) are required for germline stem cell maintenance in Caenorhabditis elegans and regulate the dynamics of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
BACKGROUNDTreatments involving stem cell (SC) usage represent novel and potentially interesting alternatives in facial nerve reanimation. Current literature includes the use of SC in animal model studies to promote graft survival by enhancing n
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune inflammatory disorder affecting the central nervous system. The cause of the disease is unknown but both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis. We derived cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of healthy control subjects as well as from primary progressive MS (PPMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients to better understand the pathologic basis of the varied clinical phenotypic expressions of MS.
This letter focuses on a recently published article that provided an exceptional description of the effect of epigenetic modifications on gene expression patterns related to skeletal system remodeling. Specifically, it discusses a novel modalit
Adipose tissue (AT) is recognized as a complex organ involved in major home-ostatic body functions, such as food intake, energy balance, immunomodulation, development and growth, and functioning of the reproductive organs. The role of AT in tis
Drosophila ovarian Follicle Stem Cells (FSCs) present a favorable paradigm for understanding how stem cell division and differentiation are balanced in communities where they can be regulated independently.
Artificial human blastoids investigate fundamentals of early embryo development using in vitro models and study the pregnancy failures and birth deficiencies, previously hindered by the need for human embryos.
Adipose tissue (AT) is recognized as a complex organ involved in major home-ostatic body functions, such as food intake, energy balance, immunomodulation, development and growth, and functioning of the reproductive organs. The role of AT in tis
Muscle weakness and atrophy are clinical hallmarks of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Muscle stem cells, which contribute to skeletal muscle growth and repair, are also affected in this disease. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to this defective activity and the impact on the disease severity are still elusive. Here, we explored through an unbiased approach the molecular signature leading to myogenic cell defects in DM1.
Cell-intrinsic response patterns control risks arising from genome-damaged cells, preventing malignant transformation. p53-dependent DNA damage responses halt the cell cycle and induce either repair, senescence or cell death. Cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has emerged as a new principle detecting genome damage and activating complex response programs.
Neha Paranjape, Yu-Hsiu Tony Lin, Quetzal Flores-Ramirez, Vishesh Sarin, Amanda Brooke Johnson, Julia Chu, Mercedes Paredes, Arun P. Wiita
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become a powerful tool to generate various kinds of cell types comprising the human body. Recently, organoid technology emerged as a platform to build a physiologically relevant tissue-like structure from the PSCs, which provides a more relevant three-dimensional microenvironment to the actual human body than the conventional monolayer culture system for transplantation, disease modeling, and drug development.
Previous studies of the murine Ly49 and human KIR gene clusters have revealed a role for bidirectional promoters in the control of variegated gene expression. Whether or not competing promoters control other instances of cell fate determination remains an outstanding question.
The epithelial and interstitial stem cells of the freshwater polyp Hydra are the best characterized stem cell systems in any cnidarian, providing valuable insight into cell type evolution and the origin of stemness in animals.
Canine renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes severe acute kidney injury characterized by renal dysfunction and inflammatory disorder.
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