A team of astronomers is proposing that huge spiral patterns seen around some newborn stars, merely a few million years old, may be evidence for the presence of giant, unseen planets.
The Foundation will provide $100,000 over five years toward August Krogh Lecture and Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen Award. The awards are named in honor of physiologists August Krogh and Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, who have made significant contributions to the field and also have unique ties to the Novo Nordisk Foundation and The American Physiological Society.
Researchers from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and the University of Texas at Austin have applied to acoustic waves the concept of "scattering cancellation," which has long been used to systematically cancel the dominant scattering modes of electromagnetic waves off objects. The work provides fundamental new tools to control acoustic scattering and should improve the ability to make acoustic measurements in the laboratory. It is described in this week’s Journal of Applied Physics.
Avalanching sand from dune faces can trigger loud, rumbling "booming" or short bursts of "burping" sounds — behaving as a perfectly tuned musical instrument. This sound is persistent and the dunes "sing" in frequencies ranging from 70 to 105 Hertz, with higher harmonics. Researchers discovered that the "booming" and "burping" correspond to the transmission of a class of different waves within the dune and report their findings in the journal Physics of Fluids.
To prolong the lifespan of Hall thrusters, a team of researchers from the French National Center for Scientific Research have experimentally optimized the operation of a novel, wall-less thruster prototype developed a year ago by the same team. The preliminary performance results were satisfactory, the team said, and pave the way toward developing a high-efficiency wall-less Hall thruster suitable for long-duration, deep space missions. The researchers present their work this week in Applied Physics Letters.
Study in professional ballet dancers finds that ballet training may improve balance and coordination in daily activities.
A computer model developed by Johns Hopkins health care delivery specialists predicts that strengthening a handful of efforts to keep people with HIV in lifetime care, along with more rigorous testing, would potentially avert a projected 752,000 new HIV infections and 276,000 AIDS deaths in the United States alone over the next 20 years.
Results of a head-to-head comparison study led by Johns Hopkins researchers show that noninvasive CT scans of the heart’s vessels are far better at spotting clogged arteries that can trigger a heart attack than the commonly prescribed exercise stress that most patients with chest pain undergo.
For the first time, researchers have identified two genetic variants that interact to alter the brain responses to high-calorie foods, a tie that could aid in the development of targeted treatments for obesity and overweight. Researchers at Imperial College London led by Tony Goldstone, MD, PhD, of Consultant Endocrinologist, found that two gene variants - FTO and DRD2 - influenced activity in the brain reward system when looking at pictures of high-calorie foods. The findings will be presented during an oral presentation on Thursday, Nov. 5, at The Obesity Society Annual Meeting at ObesityWeekSM 2015 in Los Angeles, CA.
How did Pavlov’s dogs learn to associate a ringing bell with the delayed reward that followed? Scientists have had a working theory, but now a research team has proven it.
Researchers at the Université du Québec have recently conducted a survey of four Canadian cities to determine the economic feasibility of installing geothermal heating systems in homes in Montreal, Halifax, Vancouver and Toronto. They describe the results of their analysis this month in the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy.
The number of people in Bangladesh dying from chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and hypertension—long considered diseases of the wealthy because the poor didn’t tend to live long enough to develop them—increased dramatically among the nation’s poorest households over a 24-year period, suggests new research from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Economist Paul Ferraro has been appointed as a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor with appointments in the Carey Business School and the Whiting School of Engineering’s Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering.
Andrew Scahill’s new book, released by Palgrave MacMillan, appropriately enough, in October, is titled “The Revolting Child in Horror Cinema,” and explores the dark underside of this genre. Its subtitle, “Youth Rebellion and Queer Spectatorship,” is a tipoff to the provocative direction that his research takes.
Kids who receive antibiotics throughout the course of their childhoods gain weight significantly faster than those who do not, according to new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research.
Food scientists and farmers alike are keenly interested in boosting crop yields and shortening harvest times, without affecting food safety. A team of researchers led by plasma engineer Kazunori Koga, an associate professor at Kyushu University in Japan, has now developed a new technique to safely achieve both goals using a non-thermal plasma -- a type of partially ionized, low-temperature gas currently used in a wide variety of applications including decontaminating ready-to-eat foods and their packaging, sterilizing medical instruments, reducing pollutants in exhaust gas, and even for wound healing and cancer therapy.
Cartilage is filled with fluid -- about 80% of the volume of the cartilage tissue -- that plays the essential roles of supporting weight and lubricating joint surfaces. Loss of this fluid, called synovial fluid, results in a gradual decrease in cartilage thickness and increase in friction, which is related to the degradation and joint pain of osteoarthritis. Since cartilage is porous, fluid is readily squeezed out of the holes over time. Yet the symptoms associated with osteoarthritis usually take decades to develop. Researchers at the University of Delaware have proposed a mechanism that explains how motion can cause cartilage to reabsorb liquid that leaks out.
High-speed video breaks down the incredible leaping ability of basement-dwelling spider crickets and points the way toward development of robotic long jumpers.
New model described in the journal CHAOS represents how the mind processes sequential memory and may help understand psychiatric disorders
By tweaking the shape of the diamond nanostructures into the form of tiny umbrellas, researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology experimentally showed that the fluorescence intensity of their structures was three to five times greater than that of bulk diamond. They report their results in the journal Applied Physics Letters, from AIP Publishing.
The most sensitive commercial magnetometers require near absolute zero temperatures, but researchers have now built a device with superior performance at a relatively balmy 77 K
According to a new theoretical study, when our solar system was born 4.6 billion years ago only eight percent of the potentially habitable planets that will ever form in the universe existed. And, the party won't be over when the sun burns out in another 6 billion years. The bulk of those planets - 92 percent - have yet to be born. This conclusion is based on an assessment of data collected by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the Kepler space observatory.
Advances in software, materials, and equipment have made it possible to cheaply "print" custom designs -- including such diverse products as airplane engines and action figures. Researchers from the Naval Research Laboratory are doing their part to boost the burgeoning field, popularly known as 3-D printing, but more generally named additive manufacturing. The group has demonstrated that a combination of two technologies -- one to create a thin film and the second to "cut" designs out of the film -- could be a potentially powerful tool to create custom electronic components. They will discuss their findings at the AVS 62nd International Symposium and Exhibition, held Oct. 18-23 in San Jose, Calif.
A shed skin of the California King Snake, examined in molecular detail by a team of researchers in Oregon and Germany, may have just yielded one of the reptile's slippery secrets. Using a combination of techniques that allowed the team to explore how molecules are arranged on the surface of the scaly skin, the team discovered a never-before-seen evolutionary adaptation that allows the animal to reduce friction on its underbelly and slither smoothly over surfaces.
The International Space Station (ISS) is in some ways like most homes -- over time, it occasionally requires repairs. When the ammonia cooling system on the exterior of the ISS springs a leak, however, tracking down its location is by no means an easy task. So researchers and engineers from SRS, a manufacturer of test instruments, and NASA’s Johnson Space Center and Goddard Space Flight Center teamed up to create an “Ammonia Leak Locator.” Researchers will describe the new tool and its capabilities at the AVS 62nd International Symposium & Exhibition.
Overall exposure to brand-specific alcohol advertising is a significant predictor of underage youth alcohol brand consumption, with youth ages 13 to 20 more than five times more likely to consume brands that advertise on national television and 36 percent more likely to consume brands that advertise in national magazines compared to brands that don’t advertise in these media.
A federally funded analysis of MRI scans of the aging hearts of nearly 3,000 adults shows significant differences in the way male and female hearts change over time.
Research published in Physiological Reports shows that resistance and endurance exercises activate the same gene, PGC-1α, but the processes stimulated for the muscles to adapt depend on the exercise type. The study offers insight into why the physical changes from resistance exercise are so different than from endurance exercise.
Genetics Society of America announces results of election for new Board members Lynn Cooley will serve as 2016 Vice-President, 2017 President
Four leading obesity research, treatment and prevention groups issue a joint scientific statement recommending dietary supplements for weight loss claiming curative or medicinal qualities be subject to review and approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To do so, the groups call for DSHEA reform to provide FDA and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) the increased regulatory authority and funding to protect the public from false claims of safety and efficacy of dietary supplements.
Drug-resistant bacteria have dominated news headlines and the attention of public health experts, but a study by experts at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center and the Duke Clinical Research Institute shows that nonresistant bacterial infections occur far more often and can take just as great a toll on newborns as their drug-resistant cousins.
Global leaders including Indonesian President Joko Widodo, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Executive Director Babatunde Osotimehin and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Co-Chair Melinda Gates are scheduled to highlight the need for global collaboration and local action to improve family planning access worldwide at the fourth International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP).
A group of scientists in Sweden has taken an important step towards the goal of peering inside a working cell. They are among researchers around the globe who are seeking a method that enables the observation of proteins, lipids and DNA inside individual cells, as well as gaining a better understanding of how this intricate and interconnected system changes with time. Gijs van der Schot, a Ph.D. student at Uppsala University, will describe the researchers' new approach to imaging during the AVS 62nd International Symposium & Exhibition.
It's estimated that the U.S. fails to use more than half of the energy it generates -- mostly because it escapes as waste heat. Scientists from the University of Colorado are developing a new type of system to efficiently capture some of that lost heat. They have designed a surface that enhances low frequency thermal radiation, which is easier than higher frequencies to "harvest" directly out of the air and turn into usable DC electricity. The researchers will describe the surface at the AVS 62nd International Symposium and Exhibition, held Oct. 18-23 in San Jose, Calif.
Whereas human and many animals use teeth to crush or grind food as an initial part of the digestive process, some species such as birds that lack teeth grind food inside the gizzard -- a structure between the mouth and the stomach -- with the help of stones. Another interesting adaptation of this approach to digestion has evolved in most of the Cephalaspidean gastropods, a common type of marine mollusks, who use hardened plates that line the gizzard for crushing or grinding. Recently, a team in Israel studied the properties of gizzard plates of the cephalaspid Philine quadripartite, and they will discuss their work at the AVS 62nd International Symposium and Exhibition.
In March 2011 at Fukushima, the fuel’s cladding, a zirconium alloy used to contain the fuel and radioactive fission products, reacted with boiling coolant water to form hydrogen gas, which then exploded, resulting in the biggest nuclear power-related disaster since Chernobyl. Challenged by this event, two research teams have made progress in developing fuel claddings that are capable of withstanding the high temperatures resulting from a Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), like that at Fukushima. Both teams will present their results at the AVS 62nd International Symposium and Exhibition, held Oct. 18-23 in San Jose, Calif.
Featured abstract authors and renowned experts in the field of gastroenterology offer clinical insight and real-world perspective in a series of video press briefings that highlight the key science presented this week at the American College of Gastroenterology's (ACG) 80th Annual Scientific Meeting in Honolulu. More than 4,000 gastroenterologists, physicians and other health care professionals from around the world will convene at the Hawaii Convention Center to review and present the latest scientific advances in gastrointestinal research, treatment of digestive diseases and clinical practice management.
Kenneth R. DeVault, MD, FACG, was elected by the membership as the 2015-2016 president of the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), a national specialty association representing more than 13,000 clinical gastroenterologists and other specialists in digestive diseases. Dr. DeVault officially took his position as president during the College’s Annual Scientific Meeting, held this week in Honolulu. In this role, Dr. DeVault will direct ACG’s programs which include continuing medical education in the clinical, scientific and patient-related skills of gastroenterology, policies involving national and state medical affairs, quality issues and clinical investigation.
The Association for Molecular Pathology announced today its 2015 award winners for the Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics, the Jeffrey A. Kant Leadership Award, and the AMP Meritorious Service Award. All three awards will be presented during the AMP 2015 Annual Meeting, November 5-7 in Austin, Texas, with a special lecture by the Award for Excellence recipient on the morning of November 5.
After more than a decade of research and development, researchers in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine will begin enrolling patients in the first clinical trial of GammaPod,™ a new high-precision, image-guided radiation therapy system specifically designed to treat early-stage breast cancer.
Faculty members at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing will be honored in all three categories of the American Academy of Nursing’s Fellows recognition. Sharon Kozachik, PhD, RN, and Jennifer Wenzel, PhD, RN, CCM, will be inducted as Fellows, Laura Gitlin, PhD, will be awarded an Honorary fellowship, and Fannie Gaston-Johansson, PhD, RN, FAAN, will be recognized as a Living Legend—the academy’s highest distinction.
Researchers at the Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute has been studying mucus in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, and their primary goal was to design inhalable therapeutic nanoparticles that cross the cystic fibrosis mucus barrier in the lung. But the work recently led the researchers to the unexpected discovery that mucus appears to change as the disease progresses; the mobility of these nanoparticles could vary widely in mucus from different patients. They will describe their findings this week during the Society of Rheology’s 87th Annual Meeting, being held Oct. 11-15, 2015.
A group of researchers from the University of Akron and Virginia Polytechnic Institute has explored the properties underlying spider glue's humidity-responsive adhesion. They will describe their work and how it might lead to much-sought-after "smart adhesives," with the ability to function even in high-humidity conditions, during The Society of Rheology's 87th Annual Meeting, being held Oct. 11-15, 2015, in Baltimore, Md.
A study led by Johns Hopkins researchers has linked the immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma in solid organ transplant patients
The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) announces the winners of the first annual SCOPY Award (Service Award for Colorectal Cancer Outreach, Prevention and Year-Round Excellence) to recognize the achievements ACG members in their community engagement, education, and awareness efforts for colorectal cancer prevention.
New research in the area of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) further advances understanding of the safety and effectiveness of FMT for Clostridium difficile, suggests gut microbiota changes may play a role in predicting treatment failure, and explores whether donor stool can impact an FMT recipient’s weight, are among the highlights of the American College of Gastroenterology's (ACG) 80th Annual Scientific Meeting, which will be held this week in Honolulu. More than 4,000 gastroenterologists, physicians and other health care professionals from around the world will convene at the Hawaii Convention Center to review and present the latest scientific advances in gastrointestinal research, treatment of digestive diseases and clinical practice management.
In this presentation, Dr. Spiegel will address how information technology will transform gastroenterology. Dr. Chey will discuss the emerging role of diet as a treatment strategy for patients with GI conditions. In addition, the panelists take a look back at the AJG and a look ahead at the evolution of research related to food and the advances of technology. Panelists will be available for media questions in the press room immediately following the The American Journal of Gastroenterology Lecture.
Paul J. Thuluvath, M.D., Chief, Division of Gastroenterology at Mercy Medical Center, has authored the new health book, Hepatitis C: A Complete Guide for Patients and Families, which became available to the public earlier this month.
Scientists using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have produced new global maps of Jupiter, representing nearly back-to-back rotations of the planet on Jan. 19, 2015, that show the movements of the clouds and make it possible to determine the speeds of Jupiter's winds. The images confirm that the Great Red Spot continues to shrink and become more circular. In addition, an unusual wispy filament is seen, spanning almost the entire width of the vortex. The images are the first in a series of annual portraits of the solar system's outer planets. For more visuals and information about this study, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/hubble-s-planetary-portrait-captures-new-changes-in-jupiter-s-great-red-spot. And to learn even more about Jupiter and Hubble, join the live Hubble Hangout discussion at 3:00 pm on Thurs., Oct. 15 at http://hbbl.us/y6C.
Gene therapy preserved vision in a study involving dogs with naturally occurring, late-stage retinitis pigmentosa, according to research funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National Institutes of Health. The findings contribute to the groundwork needed to move gene therapy forward into clinical trials for people with the blinding eye disorder, for which there is currently no cure.
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