The study, by sports scientists at Leeds Beckett University and cardiologists at Poole Hospital, found that in a team of 16 healthy mountaineers, without a previous history of heart disease, more than half (56.3%) experienced rhythm disturbances at altitudes of 4,100 metres or above.
These were either significant pauses in their heartbeat – where the heart stops for three seconds or more – or very fast or irregular heartbeats. The pauses generally took place at night, while the climbers were asleep. All identified abnormalities disappeared once climbers descended below 4,100m.
The research, published in the journal Circulation, was carried out with a team of military volunteers from the Defence Medical Services during an expedition to climb Nepal’s Mount Dhaulagiri, in the Himalayas.
The research is the first to continually monitor climbers’ heartbeat over an extended period and shows the potential for technologies such as these to be used to help with medical diagnoses in remote locations.
The group was studied over a period of at least four months, both before, during and after the 51-day expedition, using implantable cardiac monitors, called REVEAL LINQ. Similar in size to a AAA battery the devices were Developed by medical technology company, Medtronic. They are typically used in clinical care to detect rare cardiac events but had not previously been tried at high altitude.
Heart rate and activity data were continuously recorded by the device and could be uploaded to a remote stored server by a cellular signal or manually for analysis. The climbers could also trigger the device to specifically store extended recordings of their heart beat if they experienced any concerning symptoms, such as severe palpitations, which was observed among half the participants. Additional data on the climbers’ blood oxygen levels and physical condition were also collected.
The most commonly identified cardiac abnormality were significant pauses, which were recorded on 81 occasions and affected 50 per cent of the subjects. Both the frequency and duration of the pauses increased the higher the climbers went with the longest pause lasting seven seconds. One climber experienced an episode of a sustained symptomatic irregular fast heartbeat known as atrial fibrillation which lasted for nearly five hours and had kept him awake at night and another developed a fast abnormal heart rhythm know as a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) lasting31 seconds while he attempted to lift a heavy load.
Dr Chris Boos, Visiting Professor at Leeds Beckett University and Consultant Cardiologist at Poole Hospital, who led this study explained: “Our research has delivered a unique and fascinating insight into cardiac physiology at high altitude, showing what happens to the heart rate and rhythm while you sleep and exercise at very high altitude.
“For the majority of mountaineers, there should be no cause for concern, as the pauses during sleep may simply represent normal physiological adaptation to the significant challenges of the very high altitude environment. However, going above 4000m could potentially exacerbate any pre-existing conditions which climbers may, or may not already be aware of, and this should be taken into account when planning expeditions.”He added: “Our study also shows the potential of this kind of technology for delivering medical diagnoses to people in extremely remote locations.”
The team plan to continue their investigations with larger groups of subjects and using even more recent advances in cardiac non-invasive monitoring technology which will enable even greater detail to be recorded without the need for devices to be implanted.
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Notes for editors“Assessment of Cardiac Arrhythmias at Extreme High Altitude Using an Implantable Cardiac Monitor: REVEAL HA Study (REVEAL High Altitude),” by Boos CJ, Holdsworth DA, Woods DR, O'Hara J, Brooks N, Macconnachie L, Bakker-Dyos J, Paisey J, Mellor A is published in Circulation.
About Leeds Beckett University• Leeds Beckett University has more than 29,000 students on programmes in Leeds and abroad and just over 3,200 staff. • The Vice Chancellor of Leeds Beckett University is Professor Peter Slee.• Leeds Beckett was one of the first universities to hold the Customer Service Excellence standard across the whole institution.• 97% of Leeds Beckett University’s UK students were in work or further study six months after graduating. Source: Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education 2014/15.• Leeds Beckett was ranked first in the world for technology, with 94.6% satisfaction, and second in the world for virtual learning, with 95.6% satisfaction in the independent Student Barometer survey.
About Poole HospitalPoole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust is an acute general hospital serving the 272,000 people living in Poole, East Dorset and Purbeck. Its cardiology department incorporates a range of specialist heart services including non-invasive cardiology tests, cardio-respiratory services, pacemaker implantation, community-based heart failure teams and cardiac rehabilitation.
About MedtronicAs a global leader in medical technology, services and solutions, Medtronic improves the lives and health of millions of people each year. We use our deep clinical, therapeutic and economic expertise to address the complex challenges faced by healthcare systems today. Let’s take healthcare Further, Together. Learn more at Medtronic.com.
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