Hopkins professor makes career choices his job
Johns Hopkins UniversityJohns Hopkins sociologist John Holland has been working since the 1950s on the theory of career choices, why people choose the jobs they choose.
Johns Hopkins sociologist John Holland has been working since the 1950s on the theory of career choices, why people choose the jobs they choose.
As the University of Illinois at Chicago's Institute for Tuberculosis Research celebrates its 50th anniversary, researchers here are moving forward to identify components of the tuberculosis vaccine, BCG, that are effective in the treatment of cancers when taken orally.
African-American children with obstructive sleep apnea have significantly lower blood-oxygen levels compared to other groups, according to a study by sleep disorder researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
If there is life on Mars, it won't include those insensitive men popularized in best-selling books and on talk shows, a Purdue University communication expert says. "The popular notion that men and women are from different planets so to speak ó and thus they have trouble communicating with each other ó is a fallacy," says Brant Burleson, professor of communication.
New research shows, for the first time under real-life conditions, evidence of a cancer-causing substance in non-smokers who work in smoke-filled rooms. That substance, called NNK, was biologically processed and its metabolite detected in their urine. The study is being presented here today at a national meeting of the American Chemical Society. Embargoed for 9-9-97, 4:30 PM EDT
Honey has been used to cure meat for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In modern times, food chemist Paul Dawson and his group at Clemson University in South Carolina are discovering this natural preservative also confers excellent protection against oxidation and boosts shelf life in popular processed meats. Their research was presented here today at a national meeting of the American Chemical Society. Embargoed for 9-8-97, 11:00 PM EDT
African-Americans may need to become even stricter in controlling blood pressure if they hope to fight kidney disease, warn researchers today in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.
Paracel Inc. today announced a new class of scientific computing for drug discovery that accelerates the analysis of genes that cause disease by as much as 1,000 times over traditional computing alternatives. The GeneMatcherô computer system will be introduced at the Ninth Genome Sequencing and Analysis Conference, Hilton Head, S.C., Sept. 13-16. Embargoed: Sept. 13
The pain-relieving drug codeine is totally ineffective in some ethnic groups -- including one in ten whites -- according to new findings presented here today at a national meeting of the American Chemical Society. The report shows a variety of differences in the drug's effectiveness and side effects, based on a person's ethnicity. Embargoed for 9-8-97, 7:00 PM EDT
You've heard that small doses of red wine may be good for your health. Now, United States Department of Agriculture scientists say that peanuts may contain the heart- healthy chemical compound --resveratrol -- important in red wine. The latest findings that edible peanuts also contain resveratrol were presented here today at a national meeting of the American Chemical Society. Embargoed for 9-8-97, 11PM EDT
Dental infections and other chronic infections such as bronchitis more than double the risk of having a stroke or "brain attack," according to a study by German researchers reported in today's American Heart Association journal Stroke.
Chemist and former U.S. Department of Commerce Undersecretary Mary L. Good, Ph.D., will address a historic gathering of women chemists at the national meeting of the world's largest scientific society, the American Chemical Society, in Las Vegas Sept. 9. To honor 70 years of actions by the Society's Women Chemists Committee, Dr. Good, a past president of the Society, will speak on the historic and future challenges faced by women chemists as they enter the 21st century.
A new application of a chemical process called sol-gel technology shows promise for making automobile catalytic converters dramatically more efficient in reducing harmful air pollution emissions, by targeting the first minute-and-a-half in which your car is running after a cold start, according to research presented here today at a national meeting of the American Chemical Society. Embargoed for 9-9-97, 1 PM EDT
Emerging chemistry challenges -- from new, incurable diseases to global climate change -- may have few solutions today. But they're just what tomorrow's chemists will face in the year 2020. What will the young chemists of today need to learn to be prepared for the chemistry challenges of tomorrow? That's the subject of a special Presidential symposium to be held Sept. 8 at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society, in Las Vegas.
Border and customs agents from Hungary, Slovakia and the former Soviet Union will be coming to Washington state this fall to participate in a new training program designed to prevent smuggling of items ranging from blue jeans to nuclear eactor components.
Some good news is out this week for the fast food industry. A comparison of data on fast-food consumption and rising obesity has found a surprising wrinkle: There doesn't appear to be much of a link, at least in terms of large populations.
A Purdue University researcher has found compounds in the bark of the pawpaw tree that have shown some success in fighting drug-resistant cancers. Details will be presented Thursday, Sept. 11 at the American Chemical Society national meeting in Las Vegas.
A new study has uncovered the genetic wiring diagram underlying the infectiousness of Candida albicans, a fungus that causes thrush in babies, vaginal infections in women, and life-threatening infections in chemotherapy and AIDS patients. The study, led by Dr. Gerald R. Fink, Director of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, reveals that one key to CandidaÃs infectiousness lies in its ability to switch from a rounded form to filamentous forms. When the wiring diagram underlying this switch is inactivated, Candida infections are no longer deadly in mice.
Press release of issue dated 6 September for New Scientist, the international science and technology weekly news magazine.
Proving that even minor planets can survive cosmic fender-benders, astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have discovered a large crater - with an estimated diameter at 285 miles and about 8 miles deep - on the asteroid Vesta. The crater is roughly the diameter of Ohio, and may be the source of many meteorites that reach the earth.
Consumers can expect "unimagined innovation" as electric utility deregulation brings competitive suppliers to local distribution companies, Cornell University economist Richard E. Schuler is predicting. New technologies, materials and the packaging of all telecommunications and energy services in one super cable are possible outcomes of healthy competition among rival utility providers, he says.
A research team led by investigators from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has identified and cloned the gene responsible for early-onset dystonia, a crippling, inherited neurological disorder that begins in childhood. The discovery, announced in the September issue of Nature Genetics, is the culmination of more than 15 years of work and contains important clues that could lead to better understanding of the disease and possible preventive treatments.
When it comes to reproductive fitness, it seems that mother knows best -- at least when mother is the common fruit fly. But two scientists have found that the act of mating is far more harmful to females than the act of egg laying. The study may give clues to how females help control their own reproductive fitness, according to a University of Georgia geneticist who is co-author of the research, to be published in the journal Evolution.
New evidence by scientists from the University of Georgia indicates that victims of a common tropical disease may be receiving inadequate treatment because of a major misunderstanding of how the illness progresses.
More doctors take antioxidant supplements than take aspirin as a way to prevent heart attacks according to a study published in the June American Journal of Cardiology. While numerous studies have shown aspirin to be highly effective in preventing heart disease, 42 percent of cardiologists interviewed take aspirin and 44 percent take vitamin E, vitamin C, or beta carotene, alone or in combination.
Results of a new study show that using computer technology to tailor a mass produced program to individual smoker's needs doubles the success of quit smoking attempts with over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy, reported researchers at the 10th World Conference on Tobacco or Health held in Beijing. The study sponsored by SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare followed 3,800 US consumers who used Nicorette nicotine gum to stop smoking.
As computers get faster and communication networks expand, two electrical engineers at the University of Maine are helping to develop the next generation of radios, televisions and other communication devices. If they and their colleagues are successful, they may do for broadcasting, the military and other parts of American society what compact disc players have done for the audio entertainment industry.
Plant scientists from Cornell University and the University of Tasmania, Australia, have successfully cloned one of history's first-studied genes -- the gene found for stem growth in peas, according to a report in the journal The Plant Cell.
Complex computing problems as different as modeling Earth's climate system or predicting effects of regulatory change in the dairy industry -- which once required massively parallel supercomputers -- will run on a scalable distributed network of powerful desktop computers, thanks in part to a $6 million grant from Intel Corporation to Cornell University. The grant from the Santa Clara, Calif., computing equipment manufacturer is one of 12 to American universities in Intel's three-year, $85 million "Technology for Education 2000" program .
A new book by Joan Jacobs Brumberg discusses how early menarche and new focus on body parts put young girls in peril. They have become so preoccupied with their bodies that they spend much of their energy managing and maintaining their looks at the expense of their creativity and mental and physical health, she says.
Cigarette smoking significantly worsens the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, according to University of Iowa College of Medicine researchers who studied the severity of the disease in more than 300 patients.
East Lansing, Mich. - Until now, the classroom has been an ugly showdown between the blink-and-you-miss-it world of computers and the sedate pace of textbooks. Michigan State University's computer science department has become the first in the nation to use texts produced by a new printing method that not only keeps computer textbooks current to the month classes start, but also allows instructors to customize text selections down to the sentence.
Doctors needing chemical analyses such as blood tests to make life-saving diagnosis and treatment decisions soon won't have to lose precious time waiting for results to come back from the lab. New hand-held sensor technology developed at the University of Washington will allow physicians to bring a sophisticated "laboratory" directly to their patients for instant, on-site chemical analysis.
State Street Global Advisors (SSgA), the third largest investment manager in the country, has announced a strategic partnership with the Boston College Graduate School of Management. Graduate business and finance students will get career training, and SSgA can seek high-potential investment professionals through this partnership.
Zero emission vehicles, as mandated in California, New York and Massachusetts, have the potential to replace large central utilities as the major source of power generation in the U.S.
The Texas Medical Center area faces continued severe flooding problems unless steps are taken to provide an adequate warning system, says Rice University professor Philip Bedient, a surface and groundwater hydrology expert.
A team of scientists headed by Frederick R. Blattner of the E. coli Genome Project in the Laboratory of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has determined the complete genome sequence of the E. coli bacterium, it was reported today (Sept. 5) in the journal Science. (Note: Embargoed for release until 4 p.m. EST, 9/4/97.)
NASA's top administrator, Daniel S. Goldin, is scheduled to speak at the New England Regional Climate Change Impacts Workshop hosted by the University of New Hampshire's Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space (EOS) Sept. 3-5.
News Tips for Sept. 2, 1997 from the USDA Agricultural Research Service: 1) Do Children's Growth Standards Need Refinement? 2) Eastern Gamagrass Surviving Drought, 3) Squeezing Fat Out of Foods, 4) Smoking Out Bee Mites, 5) Mouth-Watering New Fruits
There's a world of life waiting to be decoded from the three-sided white pine needle. Just ask Gary Lauten, research scientist and coordinators of Earthday: Forest Watch Program at the University of New Hampshire's Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space (EOS). The program lets K-12 students study the health of New England forests for clues to atmopsheric and climate change impacts.
Desert Storm veterans identified with Gulf War syndrome are more prone to suffer from significant balance problems, exhibiting symptoms consistent with a central nervous system disorder. This is the finding of a new research study conducted by Peter Roland, MD, and Robert W. Haley, MD, both from the University of Texas - Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
A new study conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Army indicates that a number of U.S. Army drill instructors have a permanent change in their voices as the result of abusing their vocal cords. This research finding is being presented by Eric A. Mann, MD, of Rockville, MD.
Ear, nose, and throat specialists have completed two new research studies regarding the diagnosis and treatment of otolaryngologic medical disorders in patients with HIV infection or AIDS. One study assesses the risks of otologic surgery to the HIV/AIDS patient; the second study identifies ear, nose, and throat disorders found among patients recently diagnosed with HIV.
A new prospective study provides the first documentation that penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) is a pathogen in causing otitis media with effusion (infection of the middle ear) in young children. The presence of PRSP is significant for this common childhood ailment is regularly treated with antibiotics and in some cases, the insertion of tympanostomy tubes.
Three months ago, newspapers and network television news reports featured a manufacturer's report of a system that delivers radiofrequency (RF) energy to obstructive tissue in the upper airway (passages at the back of the mouth and throat), resulting in a cost-effective, outpatient therapy to reduce snoring. Now, the research team that developed this system will present their findings for the first time to fellow otolaryngologists.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an occupational hazard to dentists exposed to the noise from high speed drills. This is the conclusion of a study to be presented at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, September 7-10, 1997.
Children with prenatal alcohol exposures, especially those with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), have a high incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (damage to the sensory nerve for hearing) and middle ear disease. This is the conclusion of research to be presented at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, held at the Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA, from September 7-10, 1997.
Burning out damaged heart tissue through a procedure called ablation sharply reduces the number of shocks delivered by implantable defibrillator to slow down racing hearts, a new study reports in today's American Heart Association journal Circulation.
Evidence of a new subnuclear particle ó an exotic meson ó has been discovered by a team of physicists from the University of Notre Dame and six other institutions. Long theorized, the particle had been undetected until now, said Neal Cason, professor of physics at Notre Dame and a cospokesman on the project.
Tips from Annals of Internal Medicine (American College of Physicians): 1) Does ethnicity play a part in disease? 2) No evidence found linking blood transfusions and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3) Advances in cardiology over the past year