The National Science Foundation (NSF) has asked the science and engineering (S&E) community to contribute its views on two significant agency-wide efforts this year.
Eight Sandia winners of R&D 100 awards proposed devices -- newly or nearly in use -- in fields ranging from medicine to computers, and from manufacturing to resource exploration to the prevention of widespread power failures.
The hormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) play a vital role in influencing complex social behaviors such as affiliation, parental care, territorial aggression and several behaviors associated with monogamy (pair bonding, paternal care, mate guarding). Scientists at Yerkes Primate Center at Emory University are examining these hormones in rodents to eventually help develop treatments for autism and schizophrenia, both of which result in social isolation and detachment.
A neonatologist in NY, using the internet, saves the life of a premature infant in Argentina.
A University of Massachusetts graduate is the chief scientist on NASA's Mars Pathfinder mission. Matthew Golombek, who has worked with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on the mission since its inception five years ago, studied the geology of Mars, Earth, and the moon while earning his master's and doctoral degrees in geology from the University in 1978 and 1981, respectively.
Lucent Technologies will receive a Primetime Engineering Emmy Award from the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in ceremonies in Beverly Hills, Calif., Thursday (July 10) for its work on digital television as part of the High-Definition TV (HDTV) Grand Alliance.
Only Finnish children read better than U.S. kids--yet, too many 17-year-old minority children read at roughly the same level as the average 13-year-old white child, a University of Delaware educator reported July 10, when he urged U.S. policymakers to help correct such "huge inequalities."
A recently graduated geologist is one of the two scientists with University of Massachusetts degress who are working on NASA's Mars Pathfinder mission. Nathan Bridges earned his doctorate in geology this past April, before being hired by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., for a postdoctoral position.
In a study that sheds new light on how the brain organizes language, researchers report that the organization of the brain's language-production region in bilingual individuals is directly related to whether they learned a second language as toddlers (simultaneously with their native language) or as young adults. Using a new, non-invasive imaging method called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the researchers found that bilingual persons who acquire a second language as young adults have distinct areas in the brain associated with their native and second languages.
Goodyear and the U.S. Department of EnergyÃs Sandia National Laboratories will work together to develop new and more efficient manufacturing processes.
The University of Missouri-Rolla is leading a team of five universities in a five-year project to develop new methods to detect and neutralize the concealed land mines that currently endanger the populations of more than 60 nations. Research includes the use of sound waves, ground-penetrating radar, electromagnetic pulses, robotic vehicles and shooting streams of water underground to look for and "float" the mines to the surface.
Working fathers involved in child care tend to do more of the low-stress, pre-arranged activities and less of the unpredictable situations such as staying home when a child suddenly gets sick, according to a University of Tulsa professor.
The trajectory of the Near Earth Asteroid Rendevzous (NEAR) spacecraft was adjusted July 3 to target the spacecraft for an Earth swingby in 1998.
A 25-minute flyby of the asteroid Mathilde by the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft took place June 27. This resulted in spectacular images of a dark, crater-battered little world assumed to date from the b eginning of the solar system.
Despite the world-wide investment of trillions of dollars (and other world currencies) in more than 20 years, technology still falls short of providing the information we most need and want, finds Thomas H. Davenport, director of the information management program at The University of Texas at Austin and a regular columnist for CIO magazine.
When Mars Pathfinder lands on Mars on July 4, James Bell, research associate in the Cornell astronomy department's Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, will help determine what types of minerals and rocks are present on the Martian surface, making use of a video camera on the lander which uses about a dozen color filters to discriminate individual minerals.
Jim Adam agreed to chair a major fund-raising campaign for ASME International (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) and donate $150,000 of his company's funds.
Foster Wheeler Corp. has contributed $200,000 to a fund-raising campaign operated by ASME International (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), a philanthropic gesture which demonstrates the firm's commitment to the future of mechanical engineering throughout the world.
Phillips Petroleum Company announced the pledge of $150,000 to a foundation operated by ASME International (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) to recognize the significance of technical personnel to Phillips, and at the same time helping to ensure the health of the mechanical engineering profession today and in the future.
Trade and environment experts from the United States and Japan today (July 2) issued a joint statement offering recommendations for better management of environmental issues by international organizations such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Recommendations included a more focused mandate for the WTO's Committee on Trade and Environment, and closer attention by policy makers to the idea of forming a global environmental organization that would operate in tandem with the WTO.
The Federal Agency Forum on Child and Family Statistics released today, in Washington, D.C., a new report that offers a composite picture of the well-being of the nation's children.
The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) was enacted by Congress and signed by the President in 1993 to "improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Federal programs by establishing a system to set goals for program performance and to measure results."
Scientists have found the strongest evidence to date that human activityóburning fossil fuel and cutting down forestsócauses global warming. Researchers uncovered the evidence using statistical analysis. Their full report, ìEvidence for Human Influence on Climate from Hemisphere Temperature Relations,î will appear in Nature on July 3.
A remarkable cement/concrete technology called geopolymeric cement that can significantly reduce global CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions. This is important because by the year 2000, almost 10% of all global greenhouse gases will come from new construction with Portland cement based concrete.
As children chase twinkling insects this summer, consider this: Light cues keep predators from snacking on baby fireflies, University of Delaware scientists report in the Journal of Insect Behavior, released July 2. Their study is believed to offer the first evidence of an insect using bioluminescence--rather than coloration--as an "aposematic display," which warns predators of an unappetizing or hazardous meal.
A cool, wet spring. A drenching summer thus far. It's a match made for aquatic plants that thrive in water. Seed that may have laid dormant for years is exploding into a tangled mess of aquatic weeds over much of Texas. That could impact the usefulness of ponds for livestock and fish.
EAST TEXAS -- We have used up God's wood in the United States, according to a Texas A&M University professor of forest science. "Now we have to grow our own," said Dr. Richard Fisher, speaking at the 1997 East Texas Forestry Field Day.
No signs of "mad cow disease" have been found in Texas by the state's only laboratory which handles bovine autopsies, the laboratory's director said.
In a study of 448 drug-involved inmates released from Delaware's Gander Hill prison, a model three-step treatment program helped 77 percent avoid arrest for at least 18 months, while 47 percent remained drug free, University of Delaware researchers report in today's Journal of Drug Issues.
A Purdue University researcher has developed a way to take specialized instruments from the chemistry lab and shrink them one thousand to one million times and put them on a computer chip.
The Amazon Basin, home to largest rainforest in the world, is known for its astounding variety of plants and animals. But the rainforest may be also be home to an even more overwhelming variety of previously unknown bacteria and this diversity, just as with plants and animals, may be jeopardized by deforestation, says a report in the July issue of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
Nuclear waste disposal, risks from food impurities and potential flu treatments are among the topics that will be discussed at the 214th American Chemical Society national meeting here September 7-11. Approximately 10,000 registrants are expected to gather for about 400 technical sessions to be held in the Las Vegas Convention Center, the Las Vegas Hilton, and the Stardust hotel.
Press release of issue dated June 28 for New Scientist, the international science and technology weekly news magazine. 1) Pot Bellies Are Made In The Womb; 2) No More Washday Whites That Come Out Pink; 3) Failing Airframe Speaks Volumes To Engineers; 4) Attention Problem Tracked In Twins; 5) Tadpoles Rule The Nursery By Behaving Badly; 6) Gene Tests Pose Challenge For Privacy Guardian; 7) Sentient Beings; 8) Camera Goes On Smog Control; 9) Were Aussie Birds First To Sing? ; 10) Can't See The Tanks For The Trees; 11) New Homes For Air Force Chimps; 12) Escape From Mars; 13) Little And Large; 14) Packing Them; 15) Flipper's Secret
Researchers from Cornell and Southern Illinois University at Carbondale found that Seven percent of college students said they had carried a weapon on campus, translating to some 980,000 students nationwide. That is less than for the general population and for high school students, but still a problem for campuses, since weapon-carrying male students also report that they drink more alcohol, engage in binge drinking and substance abuse, and get in more fights and arguments.
Scientists at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Inc., located at Cornell University, have discovered and cloned a protein that, when delivered into an insect's gut by way of a "trojan horse," attacks the pest's intestines, rendering the pest helpless against a companion virus.
"The missing link" has been found in how tiny ocean algae produce a chemical substance that influences cloud formation in the atmosphere. The breakthrough research by a National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded scientist at the University of Florida at Gainesville could help explain global climate changes and make it possible to develop agricultural crops that resist freeze, drought and salt-water damage.
Chloroplasts, the green globules inside plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, communicate via slender tubules that exchange proteins, Cornell scientists find using a unique laser-micrscope.
Mt. Washington, N.H., had its old monthly snowfall record crushed for May by a whopping 43.6 inches. The Northeast's cool weather continued through May, as the average temperature for the 12-state region was 4.4 degrees cooler than normal. This was the fourth coolest May in the last 103 years, according to Keith Eggleston, a climatologist at the Northeast Regional Climate Center at Cornell University.
Roll down your window next time you drive past a wheat field. Listen carefully. Or better yet, get out and grab a handful of soil. Hidden in that soil is a conversation between the wheat's roots and a variety of soil bacteria. It takes a special ear, though, to hear this "cross talk," says USDA-Agricultural Research Service plant pathologist David Weller. For the conversation takes place via chemical signals.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) announced today an action that moves the Internet toward privatization. Internet Protocol number assignments will soon be handled by a non-profit organization.
Parents spanking their children may undermine the parent-child bond enough to make youngsters tend towards juvenile delinquency. The study of 915 children will be presented at the 5th International Family Violence Research Conference.
The National Science Foundation is joining other federal agencies in preparing to implement the requirements of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) of 1993.
Land mine detection and demining efforts of the Department of Defense are going high-tech with the assistance of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and nine other Department of Energy laboratories.
The U.S. Department of Energy plans to provide $10 million over the next five years to Washington State University (WSU) researchers to create an Institute for Shock Physics as part of DOE's strategic investment in selected scientific disciplines important to science based stockpile stewardship.
The world of Yogi Gupta is measured in billionths of a second and hundreds of thousands of atmospheres. It is understandable that he wears of late a permanent grin, for he has just been given a $10 million charter to explore even more remote regions of this very unusual world over the next several years.
NSF Tipsheet for 6-20-97: 1- plant-protecting bugs against plant-eaters; 2- do people experience emotions in the same way, or does culture convert feelings; 3- Cloning presents no radically new ethical issues.
DePaul University in Chicago will break ground this summer on a $12 million biology and environmental sciences facility to be named for William G. McGowan, the late founder of MCI Communications. The facility will advance DePaul's plans to strengthen teaching and research in biology and environmental science programs, improve science education for non-majors and attract women and minority students to science careers.
92nd Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association in Toronto, August 9 - 13, 1997
Purdue University researchers are developing a prototype device that uses a loudspeaker to power a refrigerator, without the use of refrigerants that can harm the environment.
A class of chemicals that's virtually identical to sooty sand found on most beaches may one day provide the basis for a new generation of efficient and environmentally friendly fluorescent lighting for homes, computer laptop displays and television sets.
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