If you have chronic, long-term heartburn, you may need more medical care than over-the-counter antacids, according to the July issue of Mayo Clinic Health Letter.
Chronic, long-term heartburn is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can lead to Barrett's esophagus. In Barrett's esophagus, the body reacts to stomach acid flowing up into the esophagus by replacing the cells lining the esophagus with cells like those in the intestines. Barrett's is associated with an increased risk of cancer of the esophagus.
About 10 percent of people with GERD have or develop Barrett's esophagus. The risk of esophageal cancer is 40 times greater in people with Barrett's esophagus.
The only way to detect Barrett's esophagus is with an endoscopy, a procedure in which the doctor inserts a thin tube with a video camera into your esophagus to view it and your stomach. If endoscopy shows your esophagus is irritated, you may be advised to make diet changes to reduce the exposure of your esophagus to stomach acid. Lifestyle changes and medications usually help, although surgery is occasionally required.
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