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Anxiety disorders appear to be independently associated with several physical conditions, including thyroid disease, respiratory disease, arthritis and migraine headaches, according to a report in the October 23 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. This co-occurrence of disorders may significantly increase the risk of disability and negatively affect quality of life.

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A multifaceted intervention designed to increase adherence with clinical guidelines for preventing deep-vein blood clots may decrease the rate of such blood clots among elderly patients, according to a report in the October 23 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Overweight and obese Spanish women appear five times as likely as lean women to have polycystic ovary syndrome, a condition that decreases fertility and contributes to other illnesses, according to an article in the October 23 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Heart transplant patients who receive a donor heart from a person with hepatitis C have a lower rate of survival, according to a study in the October 18 issue of JAMA.

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Patients at high-risk of developing pulmonary complications such as pneumonia following coronary artery bypass graft surgery can reduce their risk through breathing exercises and respiratory muscle training before the operation, according to a study in the October 18 issue of JAMA.

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Each year, an estimated 700,000 persons experience adverse drug events that lead to emergency department visits, according to a study in the October 18 issue of JAMA.

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Despite the risks of possible contaminants, the health benefits of consuming fish, including a lower rate of death from heart disease, exceed the potential risks, according to a review of previous studies, published in the October 18 issue of JAMA.

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Adults with psoriasis, especially younger patients with severe psoriasis, appear to be at increased risk for a heart attack, according to a study in the October 11 issue of JAMA.

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Bar workers in Scotland showed significant improvements in respiratory symptoms and lung function within 2 months following a ban on smoking in confined public places, according to a study in the October 11 issue of JAMA.

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States that have personal belief exemptions for school immunization requirements, and exemptions that are easily obtained, have higher rates of new cases of pertussis (whooping cough) than states in which obtaining immunization exemptions is more difficult, according to a study in the October 11 issue of JAMA.

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As many as 18 percent of adults who have no history of stroke report having had at least one symptom of stroke, according to results of a large national study published in the October 9 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Eating a Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables and olive oil and includes little red meat, is associated with a lower risk for Alzheimer's disease, according to an article posted online today that will appear in the December 2006 print issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplements may slow cognitive decline in some patients with very mild Alzheimer's disease, but do not appear to affect those with more advanced cases, according to results of a clinical trial published in the October issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Staying in a room in the intensive care unit previously occupied by a patient with treatment-resistant bacteria may increase the odds of acquiring such bacteria, according to a report in the October 9 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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The annual incidence of sudden cardiovascular deaths among young athletes has declined significantly since the start of a pre-participation cardiovascular screening program in northeast Italy, according to a study in the October 4 issue of JAMA.

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Several factors, including maternal infection during pregnancy, very preterm birth, and certain findings on brain MRI scans were correlated with cerebral palsy, according to a study in the October 4 issue of JAMA.

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Whether specific types of antidepressants are effective for patients with late-life major depression may depend if they have certain genetic variations, according to a study in the October 4 issue of JAMA.

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Among patients with schizophrenia whose medication is changed because of ineffectiveness or harmful side effects, second-generation antipsychotic drugs do not appear to offer significant benefits compared to first-generation antipsychotic drugs, according to a report in the October issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. The findings run contrary to the widely held perception that second-generation antipsychotic agents are safer and more effective.

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In a study of 14 adults with histories of sedative abuse, the newly approved sleep medication ramelteon does not appear to have effects that indicate potential for abuse or motor or cognitive impairment, according to a report in the October issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Prediction models that incorporate certain personal and family medical history characteristics can help identify high-risk patients who are likely to have a gene mutation associated with a type of colorectal cancer, according to two studies in the September 27 issue of JAMA.

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Use of the antibiotic azithromycin to treat trachoma in Vietnam resulted in an increase in the risk of re-infections, according to a study in the September 27 issue of JAMA.

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Preliminary research indicates that the initial HIV RNA level in untreated HIV-infected patients appears to have little value in predicting the rate of CD4 cell count decrease, potentially limiting its clinical value concerning the decision of when to begin antiretroviral therapy for an individual, according to a study in the September 27 issue of JAMA.

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Japanese adults with diabetes may have a higher risk of cancer overall and in several specific organs, including the liver, pancreas and kidney, according to results of a large study published in the September 25 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Menthol and non-menthol cigarettes appear to be equally harmful to the arteries and to lung function, but smokers of menthols may be less likely to attempt or succeed at quitting, according to a report in the September 25 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Early, intensive therapy with statin medications reduces death and cardiovascular events for patients who have had heart attacks or other acute heart events, according to an analysis of previous studies published in the September 25 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Physicians prescribing new medication often do not communicate to patients important details, such as potential side effects, how long or how often to take the drug or the specific name of the medication, according to an article in the September 25 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Fetal survival following a preeclamptic pregnancy has improved substantially over the last 35 years in Norway, likely due to a reduction in stillbirths and improvements in clinical management, according to a study in the September 20 issue of JAMA.

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Women with extremely high levels of lipoprotein(a), particularly those with high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, have an increased risk for cardiovascular events, according to a study in the September 20 issue of JAMA.

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Preliminary research suggests that higher consumption of fatty fish in women is linked with a lower risk of renal cell carcinoma, a common form of kidney cancer, according to a study in the September 20 issue of JAMA.

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More than 1.6 million U.S. adults are estimated to use complementary and alternative therapies to treat insomnia or trouble sleeping, according to the results of a national survey published in the September 18 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, a theme issue on sleep.

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Getting fewer hours of sleep or lower-quality sleep may be associated with poorer blood glucose control among African-Americans with diabetes, according to an article in the September 18 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, a theme issue on sleep.

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Individuals who have sleep-related breathing disorder appear significantly more likely to develop depression, with odds of depression increasing as breathing disorders becomes more severe, according to a study in the September 18 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, a theme issue on sleep.

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Patients with allergic rhinitis, such as that caused by hay fever and other allergies, have more difficulty sleeping and more sleep disorders than those without allergies, according to a report in the September 18 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, a theme issue on sleep.

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Sleep is an integral part of health, and assessment of sleep habits should be a standard part of medical care, according to an editorial in the September 18 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. The issue is devoted to studies of sleep and health.

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For children with acute ear infections seen in an emergency department, giving parents the option of delaying use of antibiotics resulted in significantly lower use of antibiotics compared to parents who received a standard prescription, with little difference in the outcomes for the children, according to a study in the September 13 issue of JAMA.

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Adults in Japan who consumed higher amounts of green tea had a lower risk of death due to all causes and due to cardiovascular disease, according to a study in the September 13 issue of JAMA. But there was no link between green tea consumption and a reduced risk of death due to cancer.

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Researchers have identified several factors that are linked with an increased risk for cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death among adolescents with long-QT syndrome (an abnormality of the electrical conducting system of the heart, characterized by a specific finding on the ECG), according to a study in the September 13 issue of JAMA.

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It is common for medical interns to work beyond the recently implemented work-hour limits and be at increased risk for job-related injuries such as needlesticks and cuts, which were associated with longer hours and fatigue, according to two studies in the September 6 issue of JAMA, a theme issue on medical education.

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About one-third of surveyed resident physicians report committing at least one major error during the study period, often associated with substantial personal distress, according to a study in the September 6 issue of JAMA, a theme issue on medical education.

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Programs created to increase the enrollment of minority and disadvantaged students to medical schools appear to be effective, according to a study in the September 6 issue of JAMA, a theme issue on medical education.

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Physicians appear to have a limited ability to accurately self-assess their own continuing medical education needs as compared with external observations of their competence, according to a review article in the September 6 issue of JAMA, a theme issue on medical education.

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Children of men age 40 and older have a significantly increased risk of having autism spectrum disorders compared with those whose fathers are younger than 30 years, according to an article in the September issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Individuals whose mothers drink three or more glasses of alcohol at any one occasion in early pregnancy have an increased risk of developing alcohol disorders by 21 years of age, according to a report in the September issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.

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Subcutaneous (beneath the skin) injection of the original and less expensive form of the anticoagulant medication heparin is as effective and safe as subcutaneous administration of the newer and more expensive low-molecular-weight heparin for treatment of venous thromboembolism (blood clots in the deep veins of the legs or in the lungs), according to a study in the August 23/30 issue of JAMA.

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It appears the recent trend in the increasing prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the U.S. has been reversed, with a reported decrease in the number of people with the virus in recent years, according to a study in the August 23/30 issue of JAMA. The prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 also decreased, but the incidence of genital herpes caused by this virus may be increasing.

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A metabolic disorder that can lead to developmental delay and other problems is more common than previously assumed, but does not meet major criteria for inclusion in newborn screening programs at this time, according to a study in the August 23/30 issue of JAMA.

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Researchers have additional information concerning the recent outbreak of the corneal infection Fusarium keratitis, which was associated with use of a specific contact lens solution, according to a study in the August 23/30 issue of JAMA. After preliminary findings from this investigation were released in May, the product was withdrawn from the market worldwide.

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A medication known as argatroban, when combined with another drug already used in the treatment of stroke patients, may help restore the flow of blood through blocked arteries.

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Among older adults whose diets are high in saturated and trans fats, a high intake of copper may be associated with an accelerated rate of decline in thinking, learning and memory abilities.

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While physicians in the United States and Canada generally support disclosing medical errors to patients, they vary widely in when and how they would tell patients an error had occurred.