The number of mutations in a gene previously found to be associated with early-onset Parkinson's disease may influence the age at which the condition develops; even individuals who carry just one mutated copy may be more susceptible to Parkinson's disease, according to a report in the June issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Abnormal glucose metabolism, which occurs when the body has difficulty processing sugar (glucose) into energy, is twice as common among patients with chronic nerve dysfunction of unknown cause than among the general population and may be a risk factor for the condition, according to a study posted online today that will appear in the August 2006 print issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Adding whole-brain radiation therapy to highly-focused radiation therapy does not improve survival for patients with cancer and brain metastases, but it may reduce the likelihood of the recurrence of brain metastases, according to a study in the June 7 issue of JAMA.
Pre-menopausal African American women have a higher prevalence of basal-like breast tumors than post-menopausal African American and non-African American women, which could contribute to their poorer prognosis, according to a study in the June 7 issue of JAMA.
A program that includes having chest x-rays performed in the nursing home reduced the number of nursing home residents hospitalized because of pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections, according to a study in the June 7 issue of JAMA.
A new study suggests that sunitinib is a promising agent for treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer, currently a disease without highly effective treatment options, according to an article in the June 7 issue of JAMA.
A steadily increasing number of patients younger than age 20 received prescriptions for antipsychotic medications between 1993 and 2002, according to a report published in the June issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
About three-fourths of children who are diagnosed with autism at age 2 years appear to have the condition at age 9 years, according to a report in the June issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Raloxifene and tamoxifen are both effective in reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer, but each has potential disease and quality of life side effects that women and their physicians will need to consider, according to two reports and an editorial published online June 5 by JAMA.
Even though the prevalence of colon tumors increases with age, screening colonoscopy in patients over 80 years of age results in smaller gains in life expectancy, compared to younger patients, according to a study in the May 24/31 issue of JAMA.
Adolescents aged 15-17 years who live in poverty are more likely to be overweight than those not living in poverty, a difference that has emerged in the past decade, according to a study in the May 24/31 issue of JAMA.
A computer model simulation suggests that adding breast MRI screening may be cost-effective for women of certain ages who carry BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, according to a study in the May 24/31 issue of JAMA.
Poor physical function may be associated with an increased risk for dementia and Alzheimer's disease in elderly adults, according to a report in the May 22 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
High-dose influenza vaccines may increase elderly patients' immune response without significant adverse effects, offering this vulnerable population additional protection against the flu, according to an article in the May 22 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Computer screening may increase the odds that a woman at risk for domestic violence will talk to a health care professional in the emergency department about the topic but does not guarantee that domestic violence would be addressed, according to an article in the May 22 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Researchers simulating conditions of reduced cabin pressure and reduced oxygen levels, such as may be encountered during an 8 hour airplane flight, found no increase in the activation of the blood clotting system among healthy individuals, according to a study in the May 17 issue of JAMA.
A new study suggests that use of the nutritional supplement policosanol does not lower cholesterol levels any more than placebo, apparently contradicting the results of previous studies, according to a study in the May 17 issue of JAMA.
Cardiovascular clinical trials published between 2000 and 2005 were significantly more likely to report positive findings if they were funded by for-profit organizations than those funded by not-for-profit organizations, according to a study in the May 17 issue of JAMA.
A new report estimates that approximately 14 million people aged 12 years and older in the U.S. have vision impairment, of which more than 80 percent could be improved with the use of corrective lenses, according to a study in the May 10 issue of JAMA.
Compared with usual care, patients with Alzheimer disease who were treated with collaborative care had fewer behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia after one year, and caregivers had lower levels of stress and depression, according to a study in the May 10 issue of JAMA.
Although the incidence of thyroid cancer has more than doubled in the past 30 years, the rise is being attributed to improved diagnostic techniques of previously undetected disease, rather than a true increase in the occurrence of thyroid cancer, according to a study in the May 10 issue of JAMA.
Long-term estrogen therapy may be related to a higher risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy, according to an article in the May 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
A study of office-based physicians in the United States suggests that about one-fifth of medications are prescribed to treat conditions for which they are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and that nearly three-fourths of those uses lack strong scientific support, according to an article in the May 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
High doses of medications known as corticosteroids may be linked to an increased risk for atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder characterized by an irregular heartbeat, according to an article in the May 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
The brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment display pathologic features that appear to place them at an intermediate stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease, although some patients with mild cognitive impairment develop other types of dementia, according to two studies in the May issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
A small trial suggests that treatment with intravenous and oral antiviral medications may reduce the nerve pain that occurs following shingles, according to a study posted online today that will appear in the July 2006 print issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Medical management combined with the drug naltrexone or with a specialized behavioral therapy can be effective treatments for alcohol dependence, according to a study in the May 3 issue of JAMA.
Middle-aged to older U.S. residents have higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, heart attack, stroke, lung disease and cancer than their English counterparts, according to an article in the May 3 issue of JAMA.
A meta-analysis of previously published studies examining the use of nonhormonal therapies for treating menopausal hot flashes finds that some therapies are effective, but less so than estrogen, and have possible adverse effects that may restrict their use, according to an article in the May 3 issue of JAMA.
Beginning use of statins within 14 days of acute coronary syndromes (such as heart attack or unstable angina) does not decrease the risk of death, heart attack, or stroke, for up to 4 months, based on a meta-analysis of previously published studies, according to an article in the May 3 issue of JAMA.
Higher-income adults without health insurance are nearly as likely as lower-income adults without insurance to not use recommended health care services such as cancer screening, cardiovascular risk reduction and diabetes management, according to a study in the May 3 issue of JAMA.
A study of identical male twins found that Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their non-combat exposed, identical twins had minor neurologic deficits that veterans without PTSD and their twins did not have, suggesting that those deficits are not acquired by exposure to traumatic events but instead may predispose individuals to PTSD.
Children whose mothers report difficulties with mental health, substance use and domestic violence one year after delivery appear more likely to have behavior problems at age 3 years, according to an article in the May issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
The antidepressant sertraline may reduce the risk of recurrent depression and increase the period of time between episodes of depression in patients with diabetes, according to a study in the May issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Although pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) sustain and save many lives and have a low malfunction rate, their performance should be monitored, especially ICDs, which have a significantly higher malfunction rate than pacemakers, according to two studies in the April 26 issue of JAMA.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) generator replacement in Canadian patients with devices that were recalled was associated with an 8 percent rate of complications, according to a study in the April 26 issue of JAMA.
Receiving care at a hospital with higher adherence to guidelines for treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes is associated with a decreased likelihood of in-hospital death, according to a study in the April 26 issue of JAMA.
Disclosures of conflicts of interest at Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug advisory committee meetings are common, often of considerable financial value, and rarely result in the recusal of advisory committee members, but excluding those with conflicts would not have altered the overall vote outcome at any meeting.
Postmenopausal women treated with estrogen therapy for seven years did not experience an increased risk of breast cancer, according to a study in the April 12 issue of JAMA.
An updated analysis of findings from three major consecutive clinical trials of breast cancer treatment conducted over the past twenty years indicates that women who have breast cancer with lymph node involvement and estrogen-receptor negative tumors have a lower rate of recurrence and risk of death with treatment with newer chemotherapies.
Infants too young to receive the vaccination to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease nevertheless have experienced a decrease in the rate of the disease, possibly because they were less likely to contract it from others who were vaccinated.
Young adults with high levels of antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus, the virus that most often causes mononucleosis, may be more likely to develop multiple sclerosis 15 to 20 years later, according to a study posted online today that will appear in the June 2006 print issue of Archives of Neurology.
A history of stroke may be associated with progressive memory difficulties in patients without dementia or cognitive impairment, according to a study in the April issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Estrogen therapy may increase the risk of venous thrombosis, the formation of blood clots in the veins, among postmenopausal women who have had their uterus removed, according to a study in the April 10 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Hormone therapy appears to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer among black women, with a stronger link for leaner women, according to a study in the April 10 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, medications commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), may reduce cardiovascular risk and the risk of death in patients with coronary artery disease, according to a new analysis of previously conducted clinical trials.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents and obesity among men increased significantly between 1999 and 2004, according to a study in the April 5 issue of JAMA.
Reducing calories over six months resulted in a decrease in fasting insulin levels and body temperature, two biomarkers of longevity, according to a study in the April 5 issue of JAMA. Longer studies are required to determine if calorie restriction changes the aging process in humans.
Women with no history of depression may be at an increased risk of new onset depressive symptoms and disorders as they transition to menopause.
Alcohol use, tobacco use and male gender are associated with an earlier onset of colorectal cancer and also with location of tumors, findings that could have important implications for screening.
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