Medication commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be effective for treatment of hyperactivity symptoms in children with autism and related pervasive developmental disorders, according to a study.
For children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), possessing a variant of a gene involved in brain signaling may predict antisocial behavior and increase susceptibility to the effects of lower birth weight, according to a study.
Two "screen and treat" cervical cancer prevention programs developed for high-risk women in low-resource settings resulted in a lower prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer, according to a study.
Low-income women with abnormal Pap tests who participated in a program that combines screening and treatment in one visit had a higher rate of treatment and follow-up than women who did not participate, according to a study.
Children with neurological and neuromuscular diseases should receive an annual influenza vaccination because of a higher risk of respiratory failure if they are hospitalized with influenza, according to a study.
A review article in the November 2 issue of JAMA suggests clinicians ought to view with skepticism the results of randomized clinical trials stopped early because of apparent benefit.
Patients who received a higher concentration of supplemental oxygen during colorectal surgery had a significantly reduced risk of wound infection, according to a study.
The incidence of pneumonia among older adults has decreased substantially, linked to the introduction of a pneumonia vaccine for children in 2000, according to a study.
Measurement of an enzyme level (telomerase activity) in urine appears useful for detection of bladder cancer in men, according to a study.
Cholesterol levels and use of statins or other lipid-lowering drugs are not associated with breast cancer risk, according to a study.
An electronic health record-based clinical trial alert system increased recruitment rates and physicians' participation in an ongoing clinical trial, according to a study.
A sense of fair treatment in the workplace was associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in a large long-term study of British office workers.
Elderly people with the lowest and highest hemoglobin concentrations (the component of red blood cells that carries oxygen) are at increased risk of death, according to a study.
Medicare patients have a substantially higher risk of early death following bariatric surgery than previously suggested, and the risk of death is higher among men, older patients, and patients of surgeons who perform lower numbers of bariatric procedures, according to a study.
The number of bariatric surgical procedures performed in the U.S. from 1998 to 2003 increased considerably, according to a study.
Patients who have gastric bypass surgery have double the rate of hospitalization in the year following the operation than in the year preceding surgery, according to a study.
African American women at high-risk of breast cancer have genetic mutations that would make genetic testing feasible, according to a study.
Patients with dementia who took atypical antipsychotic drugs had a slightly increased risk of death compared to patients who took placebo, according to a meta-analysis.
Corticosteroids are used often in the treatment of infectious mononucleosis, and for reasons beyond usual criteria, according to a study.
Laparoscopic (minimally invasive) surgery to treat severe reflux disease was effective in relieving symptoms and was associated with high rates of patient satisfaction five years after the procedure, according to a study.
Black breast cancer patients have shorter survival than white breast cancer patients largely because of a higher rate of other disorders, such as diabetes and hypertension, according to a study.
The total cholesterol level among older adults has declined significantly, while there has been little change among younger adults, according to a study.
Patients with type 1 diabetes have an improved prognosis with regard to end-stage renal disease over the past four decades, and it appears the incidence of end-stage renal disease is lower than previously estimated, according to a study.
Paying clinicians to reach a common, fixed performance target may produce little gain in overall quality, and may largely reward those with higher performance at baseline, according to a study.
Consuming fish at least once a week was associated with a 10 percent per year slower rate of cognitive decline in elderly people, according to a new study.
Individuals who were obese at midlife had an increased risk for dementia later in life compared to individuals of normal weight, according to an article.
Florida physicians reportedly continued to decrease or eliminate important health services in 2004 in response to difficulties in finding or paying for professional liability insurance, according to a study.
Hospitalized patients with severe congestive heart failure did not experience a benefit from use of pulmonary artery catheterization, but had more adverse events, according to a study.
A relatively common cancer susceptibility gene appears to be frequently acquired in metastatic lesions from colorectal cancer, and give cancer cells a growth advantage, according to a study.
Patients with a family history of multiple melanoma skin cancer are at increased risk of multiple primary melanomas, according to a study.
A preliminary study suggests that kidney paired donation transplantation, in which incompatible donor/recipient pairs exchange kidneys so that each recipient receives a compatible kidney, had graft survival rates equivalent to compatible live donor transplants, according to a study.
In a comparison of two drugs prescribed to treat teenagers dependent on heroin and other opioids, the drug buprenorphine was more effective, especially in treatment retention, according to a study.
Young people visiting an emergency department following an episode of deliberate self-harm are diagnosed with a mental disorder about half the time, according to a study.
More than one-third of pediatricians say they would dismiss a family from their practice for refusing all vaccinations, according to a study.
Overweight children who took part in lifestyle-focused, fitness-oriented gym classes showed significant improvement in body composition, fitness, and insulin levels, according to a study.
Use of the antibiotic amoxicillin during infancy appears to be linked to tooth enamel defects in permanent teeth, according to a study.
A diet higher in plant-derived compounds known as phytoestrogens is linked with a lower lung cancer risk, according to a study.
Heavy smokers (more than 15 cigarettes per day) can reduce their risk of lung cancer if they decrease smoking by 50 percent, according to a study.
Patients with certain gene variants who were prescribed beta-blocker drugs after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) had an increased risk of death over the next three years, according to a study.
An online education program improved physicians' knowledge about the diagnosis and management of diseases caused by bioterrorism agents, such as anthrax, smallpox and plague, according to a study.
Health problems that place limitations on daily activities and result in pain that interferes with normal work activities were more common among older individuals with poor health literacy, according to a study.
From 1994 to 2003, total funding for biomedical research in the U.S. doubled to $94.3 billion, with industry providing 57 percent of the funding and the National Institutes of Health providing 28 percent, according to a study.
To maintain their effectiveness for conducting medical research, academic medical centers must face critical issues such as constrained funding sources, scientific integrity, recruiting physician-scientists, and the increasing costs of research.
Most Americans rate medical research as a high national priority and strongly support greater public and private funding. However, recent opinion surveys indicate that Americans also are increasingly dissatisfied with the nation's health care system and think the national commitment to health-related research should be higher.
Recent initiatives appear to have created renewed interest for young physicians to pursue research careers, according to a study.
Individuals treated with antibiotics for acne for more than six weeks were more than twice as likely to develop an upper respiratory tract infection within one year as individuals with acne who were not treated with antibiotics, according to an article.
A survey of general surgeons suggests that the amount of education and training they receive in palliative care is limited, according to a study.
The September/October issue of Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives journals, contains several articles on the current state of knowledge and experience with vascular birthmarks, which are caused by blood vessels that do not form correctly.
Compared to bare metal stents, placement of stents that release the medication paclitaxel reduces the risk of the artery re-narrowing nine months following angioplasty for patients with complex coronary artery lesions.
Men with localized prostate cancer who received high-dose external radiation therapy were less likely to have cancer recurrence than men who received conventional-dose radiation therapy, according to an article.
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