Moderate to Severe Sleep-Disordered Breathing Can Lead to Stroke

Newswise — Individuals who experience moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing are four times more likely to have a stroke during the next four years than those who do not suffer from the problem.

These findings were reported in the first issue of the December 2005 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, published by the American Thoracic Society.

T. Douglas Bradley, M.D., of the Toronto General Hospital/ University Health Network in Toronto, Canada, and four associates analyzed research results from 1,475 subjects who were tested for sleep-disordered breathing at the University of Wisconsin General Clinical Research Center in Madison. Follow-up visits were conducted over the next 4, 8 and 12 years. Of the total cohort, 21 individuals suffered a first-ever stroke at an average age of 53.

"Our longitudinal analysis provides the first prospective evidence that sleep-disordered breathing after adjustment for age and sex is related to significantly increased odds of suffering a stroke over the next four years," said Dr. Bradley. "Although our analysis cannot shed light on the pathway by which sleep-disordered breathing affects stroke risk, these novel findings add justification to considering the problem as a condition that either precedes or may contribute to the development of stroke."

Sleep-disordered breathing is one of a group of serious sleep disorders in which a sleeping person repeatedly stops breathing long enough to reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood and to increase the amount of carbon dioxide. Researchers categorize its severity by counting the "events" per hour that a person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more. Moderate to severe sleep disordered breathing is defined as 20 or more "events" per hour.

During the study and follow-up visits, participants underwent a laboratory sleep test (polysomnography), along with measurement of blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, together with a check of other stroke risk factors such as body mass index.

Of the 1,475 participants, 76 percent (1,121) did not have sleep-disordered breathing (less than 5 "events" per hour), 17 percent (251) had a mild disorder (5 to 19 "events" ) and 7 percent (103) had a moderate to severe problem.

Dr. Bradley noted that stroke is an important public health issue because it constitutes the commonest cause of long-term disability in the United States. It affects more than 1.1 million persons, with direct and indirect costs estimated at $56.8 billion for 2005.

In the future, Dr. Bradley believes that randomized clinical trials will be required to determine whether treatment for sleep-disordered breathing could either prevent stroke or improve its outcome.

The American Thoracic Society, founded in 1905, is an independently incorporated, international, educational and scientific society which focuses on respiratory and critical care medicine. Today, the Society has approximately 13,500 members, 25 percent of whom are from outside the U.S. The Society's members help prevent and fight respiratory disease around the globe, through research, education, patient care and advocacy. The Society's long-range goal is to decrease morbidity and mortality from respiratory disorders and life-threatening acute illnesses.

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