Newswise — In a new book, Temple University's Rebecca Alpert tells the story of several groups of Jews during the Great Depression who were involved in the world of black segregated baseball known as the "Negro Leagues." The book is called Out of Left Field: Jews and Black Baseball (Oxford University Press, June 2011).
"The title came to me because I realized that these groups of Jews came seemingly from out of nowhere to make an impact on black baseball," said Alpert, a professor of religion and women's studies at Temple.
In her research, Alpert learned that Jewish businessmen were very involved in owning and promoting black baseball teams.
"These entrepreneurs, who both played out and fell victim to the prevailing stereotypes of Jews as greedy middlemen and hucksters, were actually also extremely helpful to the Negro League in terms of providing it with some kind of financial security and helping to grow the business in the face of oppressive restrictions," she said.
One of her most interesting findings was the discovery of a black Jewish baseball team, the Belleville Grays, sponsored by the Temple Beth-El community in Virginia.
And finally there were the Communist sports writers who championed the integration of baseball long before Jackie Robinson.
"The communist sports writers at the Daily Worker were all Jewish. They, in cooperation with African American sports writers, were passionately asking questions like: 'Why shouldn't Satchel Paige pitch for the Brooklyn Dodgers?'"
Indeed, Brooklyn is where the book started for Alpert. But not with the question about Paige. It all started for Alpert with Jackie Robinson. "I grew up in Brooklyn as a Brooklyn Dodgers' fan and Jackie Robinson was one of my heroes," said Alpert. "My mother taught me about Jackie Robinson and what she taught me shaped my values as an American Jew."
Alpert soon learned that Robinson was not just her hero—he was the hero of an entire generation of Jews.
"There are hundreds of stories that Jews have written about how important Jackie Robinson was to Jews in Brooklyn. His story provided Jews with symbolic representation of the possibilities for becoming equal in American society," said Alpert.
But Alpert noted that Jewish nostalgia for Jackie Robinson contrasted starkly with what he meant for black Americans. “The world that Jackie Robinson and other blacks were forced to inhabit during segregation is an important and troubling part of American history that deserves serious attention,” said Alpert.
So, she began to explore that history.
"My book sheds light on the complex economic and social negotiations between blacks and Jews in the first half of the twentieth century, the role of social justice as a primary Jewish value and the intersection of race, religion and sports in America."
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