New studies in the February issue of Annals of Emergency Medicine demonstrate the effectiveness of HIV screening in emergency departments and underscore the need for more people to be trained in CPR for children.
A Johns Hopkins mathematician has developed a new statistical tool called curve estimation, which helps public health researchers untangle complicated data sets on such issues as the rate of declining immune cell counts in HIV patients.
The crowded metropolitan bus system in Buenos Aires could be responsible for 30 percent of new cases of tuberculosis in the city, a new study shows. According to a Cornell University biomathematician, taking public transportation "is a considerable component of transmission and probable evolution of the disease."
Scientists at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas now have a better understanding of the protective role that estrogen plays in cardiovascular disease.
People engaging in frequent sexual activity are also reducing their risks of getting the common cold, according to a study, "The Effect of Sexual Behavior on Immune System Function," by researchers at Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, PA.
Popping tart cherries instead of a pill may be an option for those suffering from inflammatory pain, according to Michigan State University researchers. MSU research finds that the same chemicals that give tart cherries their color may relieve pain better than aspirin and ibuprofen.
Secrets of energy conversion - and maybe the ways to make cows produce less gas and more milk - might lie in the belly of a termite, a Michigan State University microbiologist reports.
Science tips from Iowa State University include: 1.) IBM grant leads to computer cluster collaboration 2.) Cleaner power possible for China and Japan 3.) Portable sensor ensures engine integrity
In this issue of Nature Biotechnology, a team of scientists have grown an artificial bladder-like organ in the laboratory. In dogs, the artificial organs developed both normal morphology and urinary function after a single month.
In this issue of Nature Biotechnology, researchers have engineered a protein receptor so that it responds to an external drug spiradoline, but has lost its ability to respond to the body's natural hormones/ligands---in other words a RASSL (receptor activated solely by synthetic ligand).They showed they could induce a 50% decrease in heart rate less than 1 min after administration of spiradoline, demonstrating the importance of the protein.
Hope may be in sight for roughly 70% of the adult population who can't stomach milk. In this issue of Nature Biotechnology, a team of French scientists have engineered a transgenic animal to produce a lactose-digesting enzyme in its mammary glands so that the troublesome sugar is removed from the milk before it ever leaves the animal.
Farming and snow skiing may not be the same in the Northwest if carbon dioxide levels double as projected by 2080, according to a scenario produced by a new regional climate change model. The model, created by researchers at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, indicates the Northwest will have significantly warmer and wetter winters in 80 years unless carbon dioxide emissions are reduced greatly.
There is insufficient evidence to recommend the regular use of oral antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections in adults and adolescents who have abnormal bladder function because of spinal cord damage. Although research does indicate that prophylactic antibiotics reduce the amount of bacteria present, their use can double the development of bacteria that are resistant to the drugs.
Wood-eating termites' digestive processes that prove so maddening to homeowners may provide insight into why some animals produce more greenhouse gasses than others, said a University of Iowa researcher whose work appears in the Jan. 29 issue of Science.
A Brigham Young University chemist has found that fluctuations in water conditions at Yellowstone, compounded by increased elk populations, have caused the decrease in the growth potential and population size of the Yellowstone's willows, which are important factors in the park's ecosystem.
A quiet night of quality, restful sleep and dreaming can help both depressed and non-depressed individuals work out their negative feelings and problems, according to sleep researchers at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, who conducted two long-term comprehensive studies of how dreams and sleep restore psychological balance after a "bad day."
In a study of life's beginnings, scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have moved a step closer to unraveling the biochemical mystery of embryogenesis, the process by which an egg cell transforms into an embryo.
Special Valentine's Day Tip Sheet on Science and Romance: 1- white-hot love in the world's coldest place, 2- bacteria in the nest, 3- and queens in the beehive
In a study of reactions to a scary movie, Purdue University communication researchers found that some people will tell you that they were not frightened, but physical measures indicate otherwise.
A new strategy tested in cell cultures may offer hope for people with multiple sclerosis. A new drug can promote the growth of myelin, the protective layer surrounding nerve fibers that is damaged in MS, according to a study published in the current issue of Neurology.
For the first time, NASA scientists have witnessed the visible light emitted at the same time as a gamma-ray burst, a mysterious explosion in the far reaches of the universe.
A Johns Hopkins University psychologist has found the place in the brain where we stockpile short-term information on spatial relationships. It's not where everyone thought it would be, and that provides new evidence about the evolution of the brain from primates to humans.
The cover for the premier issue of the Journal of Neurosurgery:Spine features an innovative technique to reconnect the head to the neck. Following a serious accident or illness, reattaching the head to the neck has always been a major challenge for surgeons. An Arkansas neurosurgeon's "Inside-Outside" technique can help people with such life-threatening spinal problems.
AIDS investigators at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill are testing the first of a new class of drugs that attacks HIV before it enters the cell and may prove effective for patients with drug-resistant HIV.
A roundup of NC State University research activities. For use by the media as briefs or as background for stories.
The indigenous people and other inhabitants of the Amazon rain forest knew what worked for them but not why. Field studies, conducted in the Amazon rain forest by Cornell University undergraduate students of chemical ecology and published in the first issue of the first journal of its kind, are beginning to find the chemistry behind folk remedies and other uses humans and animals find for rainforest plants.
University of Arizona geoscientists have discovered that sediments from two ancient major mountain systems were deposited over the entire North American continent between 450 million and 150 million years ago.
Pluto will remain a planet, and some folks in Kansas are relieved. The discoverer, Clyde Tombaugh, has some Kansas connections, including a stay at the University of Kansas, where an observatory is named after him.
For the first time, astronomers have captured in visible-light the glow from the most energetic event known in the cosmos--a gamma-ray burst. Moreover, the burst itself if the most energetic one known. It was detected on Jan. 23, according to an article in the 1-30-99 issue of Science News.
The chemicals that give tart cherries their red color may relieve pain better than aspirin and may provide antioxidant protection comparable to commercially available supplements like vitamin E, according to Michigan State University researchers.
Salk scientists have used a crippled version of the AIDS virus to deliver genes to human hematopoetic stem cells, a class of cells capable of reconstituting blood and bone marrow, and transplanted the treated cells into mice.
A combination of an insecure man with a dismissive woman may make domestic violence more likely in a relationship, a new Ohio State University study suggests.
An Ohio State study shows that homeowners with a high motivation to sell -- such as those who have already purchased another home -- had their houses on the market for up to 30 percent less time than other sellers, and sell their homes for about 10 to 11 percent less.
The bridge of the 21st century won't be made of concrete and steel, but of strong, lightweight materials equipped with electronic and optical sensors that warn engineers of any potential structural problems.
When 11-month-olds at an Ohio State University laboratory school want to eat, they don't have to cry: they can use their hands to sign for a bottle. As part of a pilot program, infants as young as 9 months old and their teachers have learned to use sign language.
When disaster strikes, people evacuate, because structures that normally protect us -- buildings, bridges, dams, and tunnels -- are often the most dangerous places to be during catastrophes.Sandia Labs wants people to feel compelled to run into buildings rather than out of them during emergencies.
Simultaneous infusion of donor bone marrow at the time of lung transplantation significantly reduced the incidence of obliterative bronchiolitis, the telltale marker for chronic rejection that prevents air exchange in the lung's bronchioles, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh report at the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Annual Meeting.
Contrary to expectations, a new Ohio State study has found that higher-income shoppers may be bigger bargain hunters for some products than are lower-income consumers.
Borrowing from the ancient practice of Chinese acupuncture, a newly developed electrical nerve-stimulation technique may help alleviate pain associated with cancer that has spread to bones, said researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
Although it is widely believed that lungs cannot safely be preserved beyond four to six hours until transplanted, a review of more than 350 cases at the University of Pittsburgh suggests otherwise. Results are being reported at the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Annual Meeting.
Scientists from Johns Hopkins and two Israeli universities have discovered another likely benefit of the much-touted legume, soybeans: They may bring pain relief. A new study shows that laboratory rats fed a diet containing soy meal develop far less pain after nerve injury than their counterparts on soy-free diets.
Highlights of clinical findings being presented by University of Pittsburgh Medical Center researchers at the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting Jan. 25-27, in San Antonio.
In a world where scientists have traditionally remained behind the lines that delineate disciplines there are researchers who are able to look beyond their own expertise into the worlds of others and in doing so make exciting connections. Geoffrey West, a theoretical high energy physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, is one such researcher.
One of life's simplest organisms -- a mud-dwelling photosynthetic bacterium -- is helping scientists unlock the complex structural makeup that occurs when proteins come together to perform important biological duties--as is the case in diseases of the central nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease).
Dietary soy may reduce the risk of cancer by counteracting the cell-proliferating effect of estrogen-replacement therapy, a Wake Forest University researcher reported Jan. 25, 1999 at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
A few of the more than 30,000 non-indigenous species in the United States cost $123 billion a year in economic losses, Cornell University ecologists estimate. Alien weeds (cost: $35.5 billion), introduced insects ($20 billion), human disease-causing organisms ($6.5 billion) and even the mongoose ($50 million ).
In two studies featured in this month's American Psychological Association's journal of Health Psychology, researchers discovered that people carrying a particular version of the dopamine transporter gene are less likely to start smoking before the age of 16 and are more likely to be able to quit smoking if they start.
Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy -- A new type of cancer vaccine is being tested at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center's Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, giving new hope to patients with malignant brain tumors.
A team of physicists led by the University of California, San Diego has taken a major step forward in the evolving story of superconductors, the materials that lose resistance to electricity.
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