But even after adjustment for these differences, average leptin levels were 27 percent higher for older adults in the highest category of black carbon exposure. An alternative measure of exposure to traffic-related pollution—residential distance to the nearest major roadway—was unrelated to leptin levels. The estimates of black carbon exposure "likely reflect contributions from traffic on a wider range of roadways in the immediate vicinity of each participant's home," the researchers write.
While the study can't prove any causal link, the link between black carbon exposure and leptin levels may help to explain observed increases in cardiovascular disease risk associated with air pollution—especially from traffic. Dr Wellenius and colleagues conclude, "If confirmed, these findings support the emerging evidence suggesting that certain sources of traffic pollution may be associated with adverse cardiometabolic effects."
About the AuthorDr Wellenius may be contacted for interviews at gwelleni(at)brown.edu
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