A series of simple tests can help care providers predict whether older women will develop physical disabilities in the near future, Johns Hopkins researchers have found (Archives of Internal Medicine, 9-11-00).
Nearly three percent of Maryland public school students receive medication, most commonly Ritalin, during school hours for treatment of ADHD. There are significant disparities in the treatment rate for minority children and a concentrated use among children receiving special ed services (Pediatrics, 9-00).
A study following more than a thousand medical school graduates for nearly 40 years has shown that young adults who've injured their knees have a substantially increased risk of developing arthritis as older adults (Annals of Internal Medicine, 9-5-00).
A team of scientists at Johns Hopkins, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Wyeth-Ayerst Research has been able to prevent colon tumors in mice genetically susceptible to the disease by using a two-drug combination of sulindac and EKB-569, which inhibits a tumor-specific growth factor ( Nature Medicine, 9-1-00).
Studies in mice show that a drug used to treat diabetes, called metformin, may be helpful in combating a common and potentially fatal liver disorder. The discovery may lead to the development of the first drug to treat people who suffer from the condition known as fatty liver. (Nature Medicine, 9-00)
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have found yet another reason to eat a well-balanced diet low in fats and rich in fruits and vegetables: it lowers blood levels of homocysteine, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease (Circulation, 8-22-00).
Important new biological information about how cancer cells grow and spread has been uncovered by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Science, 8-18-00).
Cochlear implants, electronic devices surgically implanted behind the ear to bring sound to profoundly deaf people, not only improve children's quality of life, but also are highly cost-effective, with an expected lifetime savings of $53,198, report Johns Hopkins researchers (JAMA, 8-16-00).
The majority of people who drink colas can't tell whether a soda contains caffeine or not, according to a Johns Hopkins study. "This stands in sharp contrast to the claim some soft drink manufacturers make that they add caffeine purely for taste," says the psychopharmacologist who directed the research (Archives of Family Medicine, 8-00).
Women who possess the same sex chromosomes as men -- by virtue of a genetic mutation that leaves them completely insensitive to male sex hormones called androgens -- can still lead active, normal sex lives, researchers from the Johns Hopkins Children's Center report in the August 2000 issue of The Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology & Metabolism.
Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered that deep breaths provide protection by preventing airways from closing in the first place. Protective effects of sighing may give therapeutic options for asthmatics, they report in the August issue of the Journal of Applied Physiology.
One of the quiet miseries of long-term diabetes is a condition called gastroparesis --a failure of the stomach to empty after a meal because the valve-like pyloric muscle won't relax. Gastroparesis affects nearly 75 percent of people who've had diabetes more than five years, causing bloating, pain, loss of appetite and, on occasion, vomiting and dehydration.
Many more patients with chronic pancreatitis can safely turn to a minimally invasive operation for long-term pain relief, according to a study by Johns Hopkins physicians. Endoscopic therapy is an effective alternative to more invasive surgery or drugs (Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 7-00).
In the July 17 The Weekly Standard, the head of Johns Hopkins psychiatry comments on his specialty's checkered course, from the dark days when Freud stood on a pedestal, to the present, which he likens to "Russia after the fall of communism."
The pacemaker has taken on an increasingly important role in recent years. Originally used to fix electrical abnormalities in people with irregular heart rhythms, it is now in favor for heart failure patients as a way to "resynchronize" a weak and struggling heart.
While scientists at Johns Hopkins and Kings College don't enjoy being nay-sayers at the parade of potential benefits suggested by the Human Genome Project, they say we may, in part, be seeing what we want to see (NEJM, 7-13-00).
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers shows that women carry lower levels of HIV in their blood than men but have the same risk as men of developing AIDS. Viral load thresholds used by doctors to begin anti-retroviral drug therapy could result in more men getting offered treatment than women, particularly early in the course of infection.
A new family of genes that contributes to the process of malignancy, shedding new light on the abnormalities that give rise to the aggressive childhood cancer, Burkitt's lymphoma -- as well as lymphoma, leukemia, prostate, ovarian, lung and breast cancer -- has been discovered by a Johns Hopkins research team (Molecular and Cellular Biology, 8-00).
The more eye pressure fluctuates during the day, the higher the risk that a glaucoma patient will lose vision, according to a study by researchers at Johns Hopkins and two other academic medical centers (Journal of Glaucoma).
The function of a group of nerve fibers that originates in the brain stem and fires off signals even before newborn rats can hear has been discovered by Johns Hopkins scientists. The signals may be a process for wiring the ears and brain for hearing, much like laying down circuits on a computer chip (Science, 6-30-00).
A compound called C75 that is capable of rapidly turning off appetite in mice and causing weight loss similar in many ways to that achieved by fasting has been produced by Johns Hopkins scientists (Science, 6-29-00).
In what seems at first an obvious conclusion, researchers at Johns Hopkins and The National Institute on Drug Abuse have found that people who "do" both cocaine and alcohol risk a worse loss of brain function than those who frequently use either drug alone (Neurology, 6-26-00).
Amino acid supplements may provide a cost-effective and safe method for improving the nutritional intake of some dialysis patients who are unable to meet their daily protein requirements, a Johns Hopkins study shows (Kidney International, 6-00).
Press reports suggest that after several years' competition, the public and private laboratories vying to create a working draft of the human genetic instructions -- the genome -- will jointly announce their progress on Monday (6-26-00).
AEGON has committed $2 million to Johns Hopkins for prostate and breast cancer research. The Oncology Center will split the funds with the Free University Oncology Research Institute in Amsterdam for a collaborative research project.
Many people decline to have a tracheotomy for severe, obstructive sleep apnea because they loathe the idea of having a quarter-sized opening in their neck. A study in the June American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine proves that a tiny 2-mm opening can work as well when combined with a new technology to monitor the flow of air.
In older adults with psychiatric problems, a four-year Johns Hopkins study has shown that combining observations by janitors, building managers and others who frequently see elderly people and the skills of a highly accessible psychiatric nurse can significantly increase seniors' mental health and stability (JAMA, 6-6-00).
Successfully using behavioral techniques to keep drug addicts abstinent, Johns Hopkins researchers have formed a non-profit data processing company to employ the addicts and provide them with monetary incentives to stay off drugs.
These news tips are based on abstracts or posters being presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
A substance found in dark green leafy vegetables and egg yolks may improve vision in people with retinitis pigmentosa and other degenerative eye conditions, according to a study published by a Johns Hopkins researcher (Optometry, 3-00).
The age-old stigma against people with epilepsy is alive and well in the print media. That's the consensus of neurologists at Johns Hopkins and the University of Maryland who screened several hundred recent popular press articles on epilepsy/seizures for misinformation or outright errors (Neurology, 5-00).
Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered that a nervous system protein may have a significant role in asthma, hay fever and other allergies. According to the May American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the protein, nerve growth factor, may be responsible for making allergy sufferers more sensitive to irritants such as tobacco smoke.
With a more healthy diet and less salt, individuals can dramatically lower their blood pressure, according to a nationwide study at Johns Hopkins and four other academic medical centers.
Contrary to general belief among doctors, clot-busting drugs -- the main emergency treatment for heart attack victims -- fail to benefit patients more than 75 years old and may actually increase their risk of death, according to a Johns Hopkins-led study (Circulation, 5-16-00).
For landmark discoveries of how human cells respond to hypoxia, Gregg L. Semenza of the Johns Hopkins Children's Center and Johns Hopkins Institute of Genetic Medicine received the annual E. Mead Johnson Award, for pre-eminent contributions to American pediatrics.
Two Johns Hopkins Children's Center studies confirm that prenatal exposure to normal male hormones alone dictates male gender identity in normal XY male babies, even if they are born without a penis.
Patients and physicians with questions about digestive diseases now can turn to a newly launched website for answers; the Johns Hopkins Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology announces the launch of their in-depth Gastroenterology and Hepatology Portal.
1- common lung exam often causes unnecessary pain: more pain control needed, 2- quicker asthma diagnoses may lower hospital admission rates for elderly: based on research expected to be presented at the American Thoracic Society Conference May 5-10 in Toronto.
The sexually transmitted human papillomavirus has been found by Johns Hopkins researchers to be a likely cause of certain cancers of the head and neck and also an indicator of improved survival (Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 5-3-00).
At least half of the extra risk for diabetes faced by African-American women is linked to relatively simple and modifiable lifestyle factors; the same was not true for African-American men, according to a study team led by Johns Hopkins investigators (JAMA, 5-3-00).
Johns Hopkins scientists have found that individuals who have the misfortune to be allergic to cats can find welcome relief and protection from symptoms in one of a new class of drugs already known to help other asthmatics (Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 4-00).
A new metabolic pathway in a parasite that could lead to drugs for treating so-called African sleeping sickness has been discovered by Johns Hopkins researchers (Science, 4-7-00).
Johns Hopkins research news highlights from presentations or are ongoing issues that provide context for presentations at the annual meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research.
Asthma and allergy research efforts have been aimed at attempting to improve efficacy, increase safety, decrease treatment time and improve compliance; Johns Hopkins, the University of California at San Diego, and Dynavax Technologies Corporation researchers announce that they have developed a method of modifying an allergen to create a vaccine that may solve many concerns.
Johns Hopkins and Sisters Together and Reaching Inc. have teamed up to offer Baltimoreans free HIV urine testing from a mobile van, which will operate five days and evenings per week and patrol areas at high risk for HIV.
People with high blood pressure are 2-1/2 times more likely to develop Type 2, or non-insulin-dependent, diabetes than those with normal blood pressure, according to a study led by Johns Hopkins researchers (NEJM, 3-30-00).
People with HIV infections are less likely to pass the virus to an opposite sex partner if they have low levels of the virus in their blood, according to a study by researchers from Johns Hopkins, NIH, Makerere University, the Uganda Virus Research Institute, and Columbia University (NEJM, 3-30-00).
Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered a phenomenon in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses that may help doctors develop better drugs (Molecular Psychiatry, 3-00).
The enzyme telomerase is an ideal target for anti-cancer therapy because it is active in cancer cells, which need it to divide; biotech companies have pumped millions into finding a telomerase inhibitor (Cell, 3-00).
In the continuing debate among emergency medical services personnel regarding the best pre-hospital management for trauma patients, a study by Johns Hopkins and the University of Southern California raises the bar on the importance of time (Archives of Surgery, 3-00).
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