Common genetic variations affecting nicotine receptors in the nervous system can significantly increase the chance that European Americans who begin smoking by age 17 will struggle with lifelong nicotine addiction, according to researchers at the University of Utah and their colleagues at University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Women who reported having both a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and urinary tract infection (UTI) just before or during early pregnancy were four times more likely to have babies with gastroschisis"”a severe birth defect in which infants are born with their intestines and other internal organs outside the abdomen, University of Utah researchers report in the online British Medical Journal.
Study shows people obey screening recommendations better after genetic testing"”whether or not they test positive.
A single organ may contain more than one type of adult stem cell "“ a discovery that complicates prospects for using the versatile cells to replace damaged tissue as a treatment for disease, according to a new study from the laboratory of geneticist Mario Capecchi, the University of Utah's Nobel Laureate.
University of Utah physician Nassir Marrouche and his research team will be honored at the Heart Rhythm 2008 meeting for their abstract on experimental studies showing how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) angiograms can be effectively used during atrial fibrillation (AF).procedures.
Researchers at the John A. Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah and collaborative institutions have identified a gene called erythropoietin (EPO) that contributes to increased risk of severe diabetic eye and kidney diseases, called retinopathy and nephropathy.
Two major eye diseases and leading causes of blindness"”age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy"”can be reversed or even prevented by drugs that activate a protein found in blood vessel cells, researchers at the University of Utah School of Medicine and several other institutions have announced in a new study.
There's a high probability that people who are prone to herpes simplex virus (HSV) outbreaks can inherit that susceptibility through their genes, University of Utah researchers report in a new study. The researchers further say they pinpointed six specific genes on the long arm of chromosome 21 as candidates for making people prone to outbreaks of cold sores (also called "fever blisters").
A married couple who sailed from England to America around 1630 may be the ancestors of hundreds of people alive today who are at risk for a hereditary form of colon cancer, researchers from Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah report.
A new program at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah now provides a treatment option that offers hope to multiple myeloma patients"”a chance to live 10 or more years following diagnosis. The program is led by Guido Tricot, M.D., Ph.D.
Lung transplantation rarely helps children with Cystic Fibrosis live longer and, in fact, often increases their risk of dying, University of Utah researchers conclude in the most extensive study of the issue to date. Researchers say it's time to reassess how young patients are chosen to get new lungs. The study appears in the Nov. 22 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.
A PET scan (positron emission tomography) that measures uptake of sugar in the brain significantly improves the accuracy of diagnosing a type of dementia often mistaken for Alzheimer's disease, a study led by a University of Utah dementia expert has found.
Mario R. Capecchi, Ph.D., distinguished professor of human genetics and biology at the University of Utah's Eccles Institute of Human Genetics and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, has won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
University of Utah biochemist Wesley I. Sundquist, Ph.D., has been awarded a five-year, $19.2 million National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant to establish an HIV research center to study the structural biology of the AIDS-causing virus.
Severely obese patients who undergo gastric bypass surgery significantly reduce their risk of death from coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, according to research published in the Aug. 23, 2007, issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. The study was led by a team of researchers from the University of Utah School of Medicine and LDS Hospital.
Antioxidants are widely considered an important defense against heart disease, but University of Utah researchers have found excessive levels of one antioxidant"”reduced glutathione"”actually may contribute to the disease. The findings, published in the Aug. 10 issue of Cell, indicate a new class of drugs can be developed to treat or even prevent heart disease caused by "reductive stress."
New research published in The New England Journal of Medicine shows steroid treatment no better than placebo for infants suffering from bronchiolitis. The findings resolve controversy and are expected to help guide treatment for the most common cause of infant hospitalization.
A new treatment for psoriasis that targets its key inflammatory mediators (IL-12 and IL-23) is highly effective, according to a study by University of Utah researchers to be published in the Feb. 8 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.
Researchers at the John A. Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah have identified a gene called HTRA1 that contributes to a major risk of Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world.
Researchers at University of Utah's Huntsman Cancer Institute have discovered a new target for possible future colon cancer treatments "“ a molecule that is implicated in 85 percent of colon cancer cases.
Two human blood cells that help fight blood loss, infection, and inflammation are responsible as well for starting a series of molecular events that results in overproduction of Cox-2, an enzyme involved in heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, and other inflammatory diseases.
University of Utah scientists have shown how evolution works by reversing the process, reconstructing a 530-million-year-old gene by combining key portions of two modern mouse genes that descended from the archaic gene.
The first gene known to control the internal clock of humans and other mammals works much differently than previously believed, so scientists must change their approach to designing new drugs to treat jet lag, insomnia and other circadian rhythm disorders, according to the University of Utah's Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Every year children are seriously injured and killed when they're hit by a vehicle backing out of a driveway. But a child is up to 2 and a half times more likely to be backed over by a minivan or truck than by a car, according to a University of Utah study.
Humans and chimpanzees share the ability to taste, or not taste, a bitter synthetic compound called PTC"”as well as numerous other toxic substances"”but contrary to longstanding scientific thought, they developed that ability through separate genetic mutations, according to new research led by University of Utah and University of Washington geneticists Stephen Wooding, Ph.D., and Michael Bamshad, M.D.
Researchers have discovered that when a gene called smedwi-2 is silenced in the adult stem cells of planarians, the quarter-inch long worm is unable to carry out a biological process that has mystified scientists for centuries: regeneration.
A hydrogel developed by University of Utah medicinal chemist Glenn D. Prestwich, Ph.D., will play an integral role in a $5 million National Science Foundation-funded (NSF) study that includes a component for organ "printing."
A $22.5 million gift to the University of Utah School of Medicine will help the school recruit and retain top researchers and clinicians in a variety of fields. The donation is from the estate of the late Arthur E. Benning and is in honor of his parents, H.A. and Edna Benning.
In a discovery that upends a longstanding tenet of human biology, University of Utah School of Medicine researchers have shown that a key process in gene regulation can occur in human platelets, unique cells that are unusual because they don't have a nucleus (anucleate).
In related discoveries with far-reaching implications for treating diabetes and understanding hypertension, researchers have learned why thiazolidinediones, a major anti-diabetes drug, cause edema and also have found a new pathway critical to fluid metabolism.
University of Utah researchers showed that a fruit fly gene is crucial for determining when juveniles begin to mature into adults, and how the transformation initially proceeds. Understanding this process in humans may help explain how adorable children become surly teenagers.
University of Utah researchers -- feeding microscopic pills of RNA to quarter-inch long worms called planarians -- have identified many genes essential to understanding a biological mystery that has captivated scientists for hundreds of years: regeneration.
In the first major study of its kind, University of Utah School of Medicine researchers found the likelihood of tearing the meniscus, the cartilage that bears much of the load on the knee joint, increases dramatically with body mass index.
Researchers at the University of Utah have developed genetically engineered mice that closely mimic what happens to humans who suffer from the juvenile, or dry, form of age-related macular degeneration.
Neural tube defects (birth defects affecting the brain and spine) have declined by more than 50 percent in Utah since 1992, according to a recent study by the Utah Department of Health. The UDOH and a University of Utah professor attribute the decline to more women taking folic acid.
Gene mutations that impair the ability of photoreceptor cells to properly dispose of waste - and as a result cause the blinding eye disease retinitis pigmentosa - have been identified by vision researchers at the University of Utah's Moran Eye Center.
Vision researchers at the University of Utah's John A. Moran Eye Center have discovered a gene mutation responsible for causing a rare disease in four generations of a single Utah family.
Gene mutations responsible for causing cataracts in children have been identified by a team of vision researchers. The study identified mutations in the PITX3 gene as a significant cause for congenital posterior polar cataracts in four unrelated families from three ethnic groups.
A protein important to nerve development serves the dual purpose of stimulating the growth of blood vessels, researchers from the University of Utah School of Medicine and Stanford University have discovered.
The University of Utah's John A. Moran Eye Center has received a $100,000 grant from the Stephen A. and Elaine Wynn Charitable Foundation to fund continued research into retinal cell transplantation.
A genetic variation seen worldwide in which people either taste or do not taste a bitter, synthetic compound called PTC has been preserved by natural selection.
In what may be the cellular equivalent of watching the Grim Reaper in action, University of Utah School of Medicine researchers have shown that two "death activator" genes are essential for cell death when Drosophila (fruit flies) metamorphose from larvae to adults.
Anesthesiologists have developed a way to determine precisely how much medication is needed to relieve pain in major surgery patients who've become tolerant to opioids, the primary drugs used to relieve post-operative pain.
Ground was broken Monday on the new $53 million John A. Moran Eye Center. Construction is expected to be finished by the summer of 2006 on the 200,000 square-foot facility, which replaces the 82,500 square foot John A. Moran Eye Center that opened in 1993.
Two faculty members will lead an international effort to search the diverse plant life of Papua New Guinea for drugs to treat tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases. The project also aims to encourage the people of that island-nation to conserve the fast-disappearing rainforest.
University of Utah biochemists have discovered that the ability to smell foods is regulated by ADAR enzymes' interaction with the RNA interference pathway. Research with C. elegans, a tiny worm suggests that behavioral defects associated with ADAR genes are caused by abberant RNAi, not codon changes.
Stillbirth occurs an estimated 30,000 times a year in the United States, yet it remains one of the least understood areas of pregnancy loss. An associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology hopes knowledge gained through a five-year nationwide study will help lower the number of stillbirths.
University of Utah researchers have identified genes that ensure nerves develop in the correct part of the brain so mice can roll their eyeballs sideways, wiggle their whiskers, pull their ears back and blink their eyelids. The genes likely help control human facial expressions.
Previous estimates of the amount of neutron dose received by Hiroshima atomic-bomb survivors are essentially accurate and the existing standards for estimating risk for radiation-induced cancer need not be changed.
A form of the hormone progesterone called hydroxyprogesterone caproate, or 17P, can reduce preterm births by up to one-third, according to a study due out in the June 12 New England Journal of Medicine.
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