Carefully designed interventions, if introduced into first and second grade classrooms, may reduce the risk of children, especially boys, becoming smokers when they get to be teenagers, according to the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health found that during one three year period, a major motor vehicle manufacturer's workers suffered 35,483 OSHA-recordable injuries, of which, 49 percent resulted in work loss.
In an autopsy study of Alaska Natives, researchers have found the strongest link yet between heart disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), a common bacterium responsible for chronic lung infections. The findings were reported in today's Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association.
Two studies by researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and the University of British Columbia in Canada have shown that roughly half the HIV-infected injection drug users studied who were eligible for lifesaving antiretroviral therapy were not receiving it. Both reports appeared in the August 12 issue of JAMA.
Patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer receive the most benefit from "compliance interventions"--the strategies doctors use to get patients to follow orders, such as checking whether a person has lost weight, or refilled a prescription, researchers from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have found.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have developed and tested a practical new way of grouping populations of adolescents into distinct health "profiles"--unique combinations of mental, physical, and behavioral problems--so that health care workers can plan for the health needs of a population of teenagers.
Dietary zinc supplementation may reduce morbidity due to infectious diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria, according to studies published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition today (AJCN 1998; 68:2-S).
Scientists at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have discovered that one of three normal variants of a gene called apolipoprotein-E (APOE) can be used to predict when a person will get Alzheimer's disease, if that person is predisposed to the disorder in the first place.
A large clinical trial in an Ugandan population heavily infected with HIV has shown that despite reductions in STDs, HIV incidence was not reduced by STD control measures. The findings, by scientists from the Johns Hopkins Schools of Public Health and Medicine, contradicted those of an earlier study in Mwamza, Tanzania, which found that the rate of HIV infection was 38 percent lower after symptomatic STDs were treated in clinics.
More than four percent of the U.S. population suffers from "frequent headaches," defined as headaches that occur at least 180 days a year.
A study of HIV-positive African American women incarcerated for abusing crack cocaine has shown that most shared childhood and adult histories of sexual and physical abuse, which in turn engendered feelings of powerlessness that led to unsafe sex and a greatly increased risk of HIV infection.
HIV behavioral interventions can cut high-risk sexual behaviors in half and more than double the regular use of condoms, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
Although men are three times more likely than women to be killed in car crashes, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Schools of Medicine and Public Health have found that, when the total numbers of crashes are considered, female drivers are involved in slightly more crashes than men.
The Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, the National Football League Players Association, and the Nick Lowery Charitable Foundation are bringing together 300 American Indian children with 25 heroes from the NFL, the National Basketball Association, and other professional sports leagues. The camp, which will expose the youth to successful professional athletes with healthy lifestyles, is part of the Native Vision Initiative and will take place June 9-11 at the Native Vision Sports and Life Skills Camp on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health have found that how well or poorly a young person interacts with family and peers, participates in school, and controls behavior can reveal the presence or absence of psychiatric disorders much earlier than can traditional indicators such as school failure and contact with police, which appear after problems have already become entrenched. Social role dysfunction can also help indicate whether a teen's psychiatric problems will be acted out as behavior problems or turned inward to cause emotional difficulties.
The overall amount of disruptive behavior in the first grade classroom can influence the course of aggressive behavior in boys through middle school, according to a study by Johns Hopkins School of Public Health researchers. The common practice of grouping many disruptive children together in one classroom may be actively steering those children toward anti-social behavior. The study was published in the Spring 1998 issue of Development and Psychopathology.
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public have found that a simplified regimen of treatment provided protection against tuberculosis in HIV-infected, PPD-positive adults.
Scientists using computers to simulate the general circulation of the earth's climate have predicted that rising global temperatures will increase the potential transmission of the dengue fever virus. Dengue fever is now considered the most widespread viral infection transmitted in man by insects, whether measured in terms of the number of human infections or the number of deaths.
A Johns Hopkins School of Public Health study of the factors that influence how long a person who needs a liver transplant has to wait has shown that women, Hispanic-Americans, Asian-Americans, and children waited longer than other groups for transplants.
Despite the fact that the United States spends more money per capita on medical care than any other industrialized nation in the world, it ranks in the bottom quartile of a list of 29 industrialized nations in both life expectancy and infant mortality and its relative ranking in both these categories has been declining since 1960.
Researchers have determined which combination of diagnostic and treatment techniques is most cost-effective in preventing a repeated stroke in persons having their first stroke. Those stroke patients who receive a relatively new imaging procedure called transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and have their treatment based on the tests results likely will have significantly fewer strokes later on, with improved quality of life and decreased medical costs. In contrast, another older imaging method widely used in stroke patients, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), often does not see clots in a particular region of the heart where many clots form, thus leaving patients vulnerable to recurrent strokes and higher medical costs. The study appeared in the November 1 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
A combination of measuring plasma viral load (the amount of genetic material in circulating virus) and CD4+ lymphocytes in people who are HIV-infected gives the most accurate prediction of the time when those people will develop AIDS. This information forms a critical part of the decision about when to begin antiretroviral therapy.
The enormously successful partnership between professional football players and American Indian teens, which was designed to help those teens stay in school and resist alcohol and drug use, will be highlighted as one of the country's most promising new initiatives at the President's Summit for America's Future. The Summit will take place in Philadelphia, Pa., from April 27 to April 29, chaired by General Colin Powell.
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health researcher finds that despite tremendous growth of environmental agencies, the public's health is not a priority. Research lists average per capital expenditures on environmental health state by state.
Hopkins School of Public Health Researchers analyzed the content of patient-physician communication and identified five communication patterns that directly impact both patient and physician satisfaction, as well as the quality of care.
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