Researchers have found a way to prevent insulin resistance in burn-injured rats, a finding that, while still preliminary, could eventually save burn victims' lives and speed their recovery. The researchers honed in on the renin-angiotensin system as the key to preventing insulin resistance.
Young and healthy Thais who participated in just 18 Hatha Yoga sessions improved on six of seven measures of respiratory function, according to research from Thailand. The findings suggest that yoga improves respiratory capacity by increasing chest wall expansion and forced expiratory lung volumes.
Dale Benos, chair Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics at University of Alabama at Birmingham becomes APS president. Hannah Carey, professor of comparative biosciences at University Of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, is president-elect. Carey will be first APS president from a vet school.
Exposure to nicotine equivalent of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day produced complicated, abnormal breathing development during the first 18 days of newborn rats. In first nine days nicotine-exposed rats' breathing was lower than controls, but in nine-to-18-day range, the situation reversed.
Mortality rate among blacks from pulmonary fibrosis is double whites. Researchers found the antifibrotic effect of hepatocyte growth factor is impaired in lung fibroblasts isolated from African-Americans, probably due to a deficiency in c-Met receptor function. Needed next: a valid animal model.
Astronaut/physiologist tells day-long high school forum that protecting humans from high-level radiation, and bone and muscle loss pose greatest challenge in getting to Mars. During the 13- to 30-month roundtrip every cell in the body could experience a high energy event with heavy metal ions.
University of Mississippi researchers say they have created a mammalian model demonstrating that even moderate alcohol consumption can result in larger and more robust tumors. The research shows the links between alcohol, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor growth.
The neural pathways between two areas of the brain that control the tongue -- and their interactions with each other -- may explain why more men suffer sleep apnea than women. U. of Wisconsin researchers theorize that the caudal raphe, the hypoglossal nucleus, or both play roles in sleep apnea.
Female harbor seal pups whose blubber falls below average levels may be at risk of delayed sexual maturation or death, even if they eat enough fat later. The study could tie the declining population of seals and other marine mammals to the change in availability of seal prey, including herring.
Coining "starvation syndrome" to describe physiological coping mechanisms, University of Arkansas researcher says rattlesnakes reduced energy use 80% over 168 days. They moved slower and chiefly fed on lipid stores. Literally eating themselves from within, they still grew indicating good health.
Estonian-French team demonstrates first direct mechanical communication between mitochondria and cardiomyocyte nucleus, indicating possible new avenue for therapy to increase strength of heartbeat. They found substances that increased mitochondrial size, also increased cardiac contractile force.
Cumulative muscle injury may contribute to the loss of muscle mass as we grow old. So protecting muscles at all times is a good thing, and understanding how stretching increases resistance to injury will really help to do this. Nitric oxide seems necessary for protection, but can neutrophils help?
The antioxidant tempol prevents pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice, a finding that suggests antioxidant therapy will help alleviate the serious pregnancy illness. Tempol cut fetal deaths in half and normalized birth weight and placental development, University of Iowa researchers said.
Harvard University researcher Ulrich von Andrian shows rare video footage of a live animal's T cells learning about foreign microbes from "teacher" dendritic cells during the American Physiological Society Henry Pickering Bowditch Award Lecture. The research may help develop better vaccines.
In the APS keynote, Jo Rae Wright of Duke addressed the "wisdom of lung surfactant in balancing its host immune defense and surface tension reducing functions." More recently, its collectins were found to play a role in linking innate and adaptive immunity, including modulating T-cell functions.
Pine nut oil's greatest effect came after 30 minutes, with overweight subjects reporting a 29% reduction in desire to eat and a 36% drop in prospective food intake. Separately, conjugated linoleic acid cut area-specific fat mass in three months: Women lost from legs and trunk, men mostly from trunk.
Blood levels of experimental subjects just before they watched their favorite mirthful laughter video had 27% more beta-endorphins and 87% more human growth hormone compared to control group. The physiological effects of a single one-hour session viewing can last 12 to 24 hours in some individuals.
Researchers found unexpected complex protein regulation of PKC-delta because a common reagent missed its phosphorylated form in heart cells. The warned it could be "symptomatic of a more pervasive feature of immunoblot analysis studies." But scaffolding function could lead to novel cardiac therapy.
With Mars and the moon again targets, NASA-funded, parallel study shows Soviet-US minus 6-degree bedrest decline produces the same swift drop (10%) in the cardiorespiratory system's ability to support exercise as astronauts experienced on a 17-day spaceflight.
Numerous studies have been published showing that consuming alcohol increases the risk for breast cancer. A new research finding from Portugal has determined that certain compounds found in wine, beer (and tea) have contributed to a significant decrease in breast cancer cell proliferation.
Army researchers set out to quantify the quality and length of sleep obtained after non-habitual acute resistance and aerobic exercise. Of interest was whether a single workout would be beneficial or harmful in obtaining restful sleep the night following the exercise.
Menthol has been shown to possess analgesic properties. A new study examines the effects of a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids, along with menthol, on pain and functional performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis over the course of one week.
Once upon a time, children may have come "cheaper by the dozen." But according to a new study from Canada, repeated pregnancies can adversely affect the body's cardiovascular regulation thereby increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.
Scientists may debate whether weight gain is a side effect of menopause, but the numbers are clear: On average, women may gain approximately 10-15 pounds in the years surrounding menopause. A study may help determine the feasibility of using SERMs in the future to prevent postmenopausal weight gain.
Some children lack a specific enzyme known as PNP and have also been found to have profound T-cells counts despite normal B-cell concentrations. The observation has led to the development of inhibitors of PNP for the treatment of T-cell proliferative disorders such as T-cell leukemias.
At the 1993 Chinese National Games, Chinese women athletes astounded the world of international track and field by setting several new records. The source of the increased energy was the Cordyceps mushroom, found primarily in isolated areas of southwestern China.
Fluids designed for physical exercise situations contain carbohydrates to supply energy. But after exercise, athletes have demonstrated a preference for salt, as well as a temporary increase in the perception of sweetness.
Researchers set out to investigate the effects of a traditional regimen of EECP® treatments on physiological functions that predicts athletic performance in endurance-related competitive sports.
A new study of free-living animals in the natural continuous light of the Arctic finds that rodents maintain a 24-hour schedule, vs. the 26-hour schedule observed in control animals kept in laboratory conditions.
Specialists have found that a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy extends survival in patients with head and neck tumors. However, there is a downside to the treatment, especially radiotherapy. A small sample study finds radiation damages key receptors impact blood pressure.
The government's direct assault on obesity and cardiovascular disease has at least one target in its sights: "trans fat," better known as the by-products hydrogenated oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, margarine, partially-hydrogenated oils, and vegetable shortening.
Some 8 million men are at risk for erectile dysfunction (ED) induced by Type II (insulin resistant) diabetes. New research findings suggest that protein kinase C (PKC) may contribute to an enhanced vasoconstriction of the penile circulation and reduced erectile response.
During development of obesity-related diabetes, alterations in COX-2 derived metabolites could contribute to renal damage associated with the disease. Taken as a whole, new findings suggest COX-2 inhibitors may be beneficial for preventing renal damage in obesity-related type II diabetes.
A team of researchers has examined whether the renal pressure natriuresis mechanism -- when affected by stress --contributes to the development of renal disease in adolescents.
Study finds stress-induced salt sensitivity and associated increased blood pressure load contribute to racial differences in the prevalence of hypertension; results may help further explain how interactions between salt, stress, blood pressure contribute to hypertension in blacks.
New study seeks to identify specific molecules whose genetic regulation is altered during aging and that contribute to age-dependent vascular remodeling.
Researchers test their hypothesis that the synthesis of certain substances is affected during obesity and that the substances are involved in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure in obesity.
New approach to measuring obesity is unique bec (1) data come from a longitudinal study of 620+ participants; (2) statistical approach (growth curve modeling) describes body fat measures of each individual and examines how growth curves differ by race, sex, socio-economic status, genetics.
New Zealand physiologists are proposing that the well-known association between obesity, metabolic syndrome, sedentary behavior, and overeating might have a common biological cause.
A new research effort has developed an algorithm that will allow middle-aged women reaching menopause to accurately identify the timing of their menstrual cycle; research stems from a multisite, multiethnic, longitudinal study of midlife women.
The dangers associated with osteoporosis are top-of-mind for many. But an equally harmful condition, sarcopenia, surprisingly remains unknown to the millions that will suffer the results of this geriatric disorder.
Metabolic Syndrome X is the term used to describe a group of heart disease risk factors, including high levels of abdominal fat, bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, and abnormal glucose metabolism.
Diabetes insipidus patients are thirsty all the time, finding the need to consume liquids every hour. A new study may have found that prenatal ethanol exposure in rats can lead to a partial central diabetes insipidus evident in the young adult.
One study reported that nearly 13 percent of parents reported sharing their bed with their baby in 2000, up from 5.5 percent in 1993. Results of a new study indicate that the changes in heart rate reflect the immediate effects of the sleep environment and are not due to long-term or developmental consequences of the choice of sleeping condition.
Sixty percent of hospital admissions of patients with diabetes are caused by complications of foot ulcers. More than 70 percent of these admissions require surgical intervention with 40 percent resulting in amputations. Understanding skin vasculature response to plantar pressures may provide insight into re-ulceration issues.
A new study has been undertaken to investigate the likelihood that physical activity level regulation with aging is controlled, in part, by genetic factors.
Researchers have examined the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of caffeine consumed in conjunction with naringin (grapefruit) and found that caffeine and naringin does not affect resting energy expenditure.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is commonly seen in the Coachella Valley of Southern California. This effort focused on genetic variants in the HCV group of patients compared to normal healthy individuals, since genetic association could determine drug responsiveness and treatment.
Currently, organs such as the liver or pancreas can be stored for 36 hours, though damage occurs after a day. Hibernating mammals may provide new insights to extend storage times and improve the quality of cold-stored organs.
A groundbreaking program in Colorado is tackling the problem of childhood obesity by using an integrated science education enrichment program and child-to-parent communication.
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