Feature Channels: Digestive Disorders

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Novel biomedical research uncovers tie between genetic variant and energy expenditure – a potential biological pathway to increase calorie burn and weight loss

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Hundreds of researchers on the leading edge of exercise science will meet at the Integrative Biology of Exercise meeting in Phoenix (Nov. 2–4). Symposia topics will cover brain cell stress responses, metabolic diseases, mitochondrial signaling, sedentary behavior, exercise and pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, aging, stem cells and more.

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Crohn’s disease can have devastating consequences and is notoriously hard to treat. Now, scientists have made a discovery that could explain why Crohn’s is so variable: the disease has at least two distinct subtypes, each with its own pattern of gene expression and mix of clinical features.

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The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) announces the winners of the 2016 SCOPY Awards (Service Award for Colorectal Cancer Outreach, Prevention and Year-Round Excellence) to recognize the achievements of ACG members in their community engagement, education and awareness efforts for colorectal cancer prevention.

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Today the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network announced Precision Promise, the first large-scale precision medicine trial designed to transform outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer by tailoring their treatment to their cancer’s unique molecular profile. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center will play a major role in the effort; it has been selected to lead one of the 12 initial clinical trial sites equipped to provide treatment to pancreatic cancer patients under the new initiative. Dr. Sunil Hingorani, an oncologist and pancreas cancer researcher based at Fred Hutch, will serve as principal investigator of the site and lead collaboration with clinical care partners Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and UW Medicine.

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The UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center is one of only 12 academic centers in the U.S. joining a large national precision medicine study that aims to improve survival for pancreatic cancer patients. The trial, called Precision Promise, is a joint effort between the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, cancer research and treatment centers, and the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of Precision Promise is to double survival by 2020.

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An article published today in the New England Journal of Medicine updates the medical community on a potentially devastating liver disease that afflicts approximately 29,000 Americans. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, or PSC, is a condition that damages the ducts that carry digestive bile from the liver to the small intestine. Many individuals affected by this disease eventually require a liver transplant for continued survival.

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A team of researchers from the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore at the National University of Singapore has found that changes in ribonucleic acid sequences play a major role in the development of gastric cancer. Further research into this novel driving force for gastric cancer may potentially contribute towards early detection of gastric cancer and better treatment of the deadly disease.

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The USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture supports NoroCORE, a multidisciplinary research collaborative of 30 researchers from 25 universities who are joining forces to understand and control food borne virus risks.

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Three research projects have received $250,000 in seed funding from the Sanford Health NDSU Collaborative Seed Grant program.

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New research published in the UEG Journal1 has found that Crohn's disease sufferers experience slower response times than matched individuals that do not have the disease.

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There’s yet another reason to maintain a healthy weight as we age. An international team of researchers has identified eight additional types of cancer linked to excess weight and obesity: stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, ovary, meningioma (a type of brain tumor), thyroid cancer and the blood cancer multiple myeloma.

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Biomedical investigators at Cedars-Sinai have identified an enzyme found in all human cells that alerts the body to invading bacteria and jump-starts the immune system. In their study, published in the peer-reviewed medical journal Cell, the investigators provide clues to unraveling some of the mysteries surrounding the human immune system, which defends the body against harmful microbes such as bacteria.

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The first published medical and surgical approach care plan for managing septic perianal Crohn’s disease, a serious complication that occurs in around 40 percent of Crohn’s disease patients has been developed by researchers at Penn State College of Medicine. The plan and its results took more than a decade to develop and are based on patient outcomes.

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A recent study by researchers at the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center took them to a not-so-likely destination: local farmers markets. They went in search of fresh ginger root.

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University of Helsinki researchers have previously demonstrated that a point mutation in a gene of serotonin 2B receptor can render the carrier prone to impulsive behaviour, particularly when drunk. Now the research group has established that the same mutation may shield its bearers from obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are associated with type 2 diabetes.

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A new study by researchers at Emory's Rollins School of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that lifestyle modification programs modeled on diabetes prevention programs (DPP) trials not only achieved weight reduction, but also additional metabolic benefits -specifically, reductions in blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. The researchers compiled data from 44 published studies with nearly 9,000 adults participating in DPP conducted in US communities, clinics, and through online media.

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Personalized Medicine Leads to Better Outcomes; Phase 1 Study Results of Selinexor Combination Therapy for Multiple Myeloma Patients; and the Latest from ASCO Sessions in the Cancer News Source

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Researchers from Columbia University have found that people with non-celiac wheat sensitivity have a weakened intestinal barrier, which leads to a systemic immune response after ingesting wheat and related cereals.

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Click here to go directly to the Cardiovascular Health News Source

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New research from QUT shows preventable hospitalisation from diabetic foot disease is costing Australia hundreds of millions of dollars each year.

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Researchers have discovered a regulatory system in the ulcer- and stomach cancer-causing bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, that can control the formation of biofilm – a “fortress-like” cluster of cells that can become resistant to antibiotics and cause major medical problems.

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Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are often concerned that certain foods may trigger or worsen their symptoms, which can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. In a new study, patients who ate rye bread that was low in so-called “FODMAPs” (fermentable oligo- di- and mono-saccharides and polyols) experienced milder IBS symptoms than patients who ate normal rye bread

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Fecal transplants are increasingly being used to treat certain human illnesses and there is a major upsurge in animal experiments involving fecal material.

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Newcastle researchers have developed a genetic test providing a rapid diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders to identify the first patients with inherited mutations in a new disease gene.

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Research from life scientists at The University of Manchester has shone new light on the way cells tune in to different inflammatory signals to understand what is happening in the body.

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Low levels of the stress hormone cortisol are linked to obesity, high levels of fat in the blood and metabolic syndrome among patients with recurrent depressions or bipolar disorder. This according to a study at Umeå University in Sweden published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.

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Persistent diarrhea, which is diarrhea that lasts at least 14 days, is an illness typically caused by parasites or bacteria and requires accurate diagnosis in order to determine what treatment to give, according to Herbert L. DuPont, M.D., director of the Center for Infectious Diseases at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health.

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Physicians have been mystified by chronic fatigue syndrome, a condition where normal exertion leads to debilitating fatigue that isn’t alleviated by rest. There are no known triggers, and diagnosis requires lengthy tests administered by an expert. Now, for the first time, Cornell University researchers report they have identified biological markers of the disease in gut bacteria and inflammatory microbial agents in the blood.

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Having diabetes increases the risk of dying from the effects of a heart attack by around 50 per cent, according to a widespread study.

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An international team led by researchers at the Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering (CSNE) based at the University of Washington is one of three finalists in a race to produce an implantable wireless device that can assess, stimulate and block the activity of nerves that control organs.

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Click here to go directly to the Diabetes News Source on Newswise

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Baylor Scott & White Research Institute scientists presented breakthrough findings at this year’s Digestive Disease Week® (DDW). DDW is the world’s largest and most prestigious gathering of physicians, researchers and academics in the fields of gastroenterology, hepatology, endoscopy and gastrointestinal surgery.

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Dr. David E. Cohen, an internationally renowned physician-scientist who combines clinical care as a hepatologist with research focused on obesity-related liver disease, has been named chief of the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, effective July 1.

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“It’s the diarrhea that can kill you,” noted professor emeritus David Francis, an expert on colibacillosis, an intestinal disease that affects newborn and weanling pigs. The toxin-producing E. Coli bacterium that causes the swine disease is similar to the organism responsible for traveler’s diarrhea in humans. Francis will speak at the 24th International Veterinary Conference in Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10.

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Get the latest research and features in healthcare, including hospital administration, patient care, and health economics in Newswise's Healthcare News Source.

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Intestinal stem cells are located in “pockets” in the intestine to avoid contact with a metabolite abundantly produced by normal gut microbes. That metabolite – butyrate – suppresses stem cell proliferation, potentially interfering with the gut’s ability to repair itself after disease or injury.

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Click to visit the Aging Channel

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• In patients with chronic kidney disease, those with more advanced disease had higher blood levels of the bacterial metabolite phenylacetylglutamine. • Patients with high phenylacetylglutamine had an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as a heightened risk of dying prematurely.

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Select studies Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers are presenting at the meeting

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A new study suggests that triclosan, an antimicrobial and antifungal agent found in many consumer products ranging from hand soaps to toys and even toothpaste, can rapidly disrupt bacterial communities found in the gut.

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Click to visit the Children's Health Channel

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Researchers repurposing E-Vac procedure to treat issues in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Diagnosing Mononucleosis, Need for Health Interventions for Single Parent Households in Urban Subsidized Housing Programs, Inadequate Financial Savings Tied to Increased Childhood Health Risks, and more in the Public Health News Source

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Chronic use of some drugs for heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) speeds up the aging of blood vessels, according to a published paper in Circulation Research (early online), an American Heart Association journal. This accelerated aging in humans could lead to increased cardiovascular disease, vascular dementia and renal failure.

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