Neither the threat of arrest nor punishment may significantly deter Mexicans from trying to enter the United States illegally, according to a new study.
Collaboration across surgical specialties and lessons from combat casualty care—especially the use of tourniquets and other effective strategies to control bleeding—helped mount an effective surgical response to aid victims of the Boston Marathon bombings, according to a special editorial in the July issue of The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, which is led by Editor-in-Chief Mutaz B. Habal, MD, and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a part of Wolters Kluwer Health.
Successful prosecutions of crimes against humanity must occur at the International Criminal Court if it is to succeed in its mandate to punish perpetrators of atrocities and deter others from committing such crimes, argues Leila Sadat, JD, international law expert and WUSTL professor. Her research, arguments and analysis are published in the latest issue of the American Journal of International Law.
After a rape, forensic nurses fully document sexual assault victims’ injuries by using a dye that causes lacerations and tears on the skin to “light up.” But the dye – a dark blue – doesn’t show on people of color, and that often means the perpetrators go free. A fluorescent dye may be the answer, posits University of Virginia researcher Kathryn Laughon, associate professor in the School of Nursing.
Young adults who deem themselves “spiritual but not religious” are more likely to commit property crimes — and to a lesser extent, violent ones — than those who identify themselves as either “religious and spiritual” or “religious but not spiritual,” according to Baylor University researchers.
Missouri has been held out as a model for juvenile corrections programs, but the court system that puts young people into these programs is in crisis, finds a recent report by the National Juvenile Defender Center (NJDC). “Many young people in Missouri wind up having to defend themselves in our juvenile courts – and sometimes from behind bars,” says Mae C. Quinn, JD, professor of law and co-director of the Civil Justice Clinic at Washington University in St. Louis. “These young people deserve counsel to assist them throughout the juvenile court process, but due to inadequate funding and the problematic –potentially unconstitutional – structure of Missouri’s juvenile court system, this is not happening.”
Research from North Carolina State University, the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and the University of South Florida shows that outpatient treatment of mental illness significantly reduces arrest rates for people with mental health problems and saves taxpayers money.
In conflict-ridden countries around the world, rape and other forms of sexual violence are being used as weapons of war. In these settings, treatment services for victims are limited. A trial found an evidence-based group psychotherapy treatment for sexual violence survivors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). According to the study, this group therapy achieved more dramatic results in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety compared to individual support services.
While occupational homicides continue to decline in the U.S., law enforcement remains one of the deadliest jobs in America. A new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health The report found documents that 93 percent of homicides of law enforcement officers between 1996 and 2010 were committed with firearms. Among those homicides, 10 percent were committed using the officer’s own service weapon. The findings could help develop new procedures to reduce risk to officers.
University of Virginia Nursing professor Kathryn Laughon is testing a new dye that will better reveal tissue lacerations and abrasions for women of color who have been raped. The blue dye currently used on all women examined after a suspected sexual assault works well on light-skinned women, but not as well on dark-skinned women.
Commitment to the job by correctional staff members cannot be bought but must be earned by an organization, a Wayne State University researcher believes.
One way to understand what motivates and deters burglars is to ask them. UNC Charlotte researcher Joseph Kuhns did just that. He led a research team that gathered survey responses from more than 400 convicted offenders that resulted in an unprecedented look into the minds of burglars, providing insight into intruders’ motivations and methods. The study, “Understanding Decisions to Burglarize from the Offender’s Perspective,” was funded by the Alarm Industry Research and Educational Foundation (AIREF), under the auspices of the Electronic Security Association (ESA), the largest trade association for the electronic life safety and security industry.
Nova Southeastern University (NSU) Professor of Psychology Steven Gold, Ph.D., is able to cast some light on this topic. Gold is also the Director of NSU’s Trauma Resolution Integration Program.
Boise State University professor Greg Hampikian is known internationally for his work in DNA forensics, and he has developed a DNA bar code.
On May 1-2, 2013, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the Advisory Council on Child Trafficking (ACCT) and the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women will host a symposium to address the needs of victims of child sex trafficking. The symposium is part of a White House initiative to bring together leading researchers, bipartisan policy makers and advocates to identify gaps in research, best practices, and evidence to improve the lives of sexually exploited children.
Financial exploitation, particularly thefts and scams, are increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in older adults. This study examined this population and their vulnerability for experiencing fraud.
Daniel Attinger of Iowa State University is working to put more fluid dynamics behind the bloodstain pattern analysis used at crime scenes. His research team is developing instruments and methods to produce, study and analyze bloodstains.
University of Arkansas law professor Brian Gallini argues that the Pennsylvania grand jury investigation that led to the indictment of Jerry Sandusky unfairly involved former Penn State football coach Joe Paterno.
The American Sociological Association (ASA) has sociologists available to discuss the terrorist attack at the Boston Marathon from a variety of perspectives.
Homicide is, far and away, the leading cause of death in young black men (ages 15 to 24), surpassing unintentional injuries, suicide, cancer, HIV and other diseases combined. In contrast, the leading cause of death among young non-black men and women of all races and ethnicities is automobile accidents.
States make a significant investment in treatment programs for offenders with the goal of reducing the rate of recidivism, and researchers at Iowa State University say that investment is paying off.
Back in 2010, the ideas behind a squid’s sticky tendrils and Spiderman’s super-strong webbing were combined to create a prototype for the first remote device able to stop vehicles in their tracks. It worked, but that technology just got better.
As cities work to reduce violence in tight budget times, new research shows how they might be able to target their efforts and police attention on areas prone to violence – with the help of high-powered computers and loads of data on crime, alcohol availability and drug markets.
Lawyers recently have gained attention by seeking restitution from individuals convicted of viewing or downloading exploitative photos of children. “This ‘pay-per-view’ system further commodifies victims,” says Cortney Lollar, JD, clinical faculty at Washington University in St. Louis. She says that two key changes are in order: move from the current restitution system to the creation of a child pornography crime victims’ compensation fund, and devote more resources to preventing child sexual abuse.
New York City experienced a historic decline in crime rates during the 1990s, but it was not due to the implementation of CompStat or enhanced enforcement of misdemeanor offenses, according to an analysis by New York University sociologist David Greenberg.
Red flags are easy to recognize in the days following a tragic event like a mass shooting. That’s why a group of Iowa State researchers is working to identify those early warning signs in juvenile offenders before they turn into a pattern of criminal behavior.
Psychiatric disorders are prevalent among current and former inmates of correctional institutions, but what has been less clear is whether incarceration causes these disorders or, alternatively, whether inmates have these problems before they enter prison. A new study provides answers.
The first rigorous analysis of the crime-fighting power of DNA profiling finds substantial evidence of its effectiveness.
Sending drug abusers to community-based treatment programs rather than prison could help reduce crime and save the criminal justice system billions of dollars, according to a new study by researchers at RTI International and Temple University.
As investigators begin to piece together a profile of Connecticut school massacre gunman Adam Lanza, much is being speculated about his possible Asperger’s Syndrome diagnosis. But to suggest a tie between autism and violent, sociopathic tendencies is to undermine the large body of research and progress that’s been made in understanding the disorder, says autism expert and Executive Director of the Kinney Center for Autism Education and Support at Saint Joseph’s University Michelle Rowe, Ph.D.
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