Fig 1. HuNoV GII wastewater levels at 5 wastewater treatment plants in 2021–2022. A. Comparison of PMMoV-normalized HuNoV GII levels from 5 WWTPs in Michigan from 2021–2022. HuNoV was quantified in influent samples using ddPCR at least weekly and PMMoV normalized values were plotted over one year. The only exception is TM, where sample collection began later, in January 2022. Lines connect all values measured for each WWTP. B. Seasonal HuNoV GII values in log10 (median, IQR) for each individual WWTP are presented using box-and-whisker plots for all 4 seasons. Note, no fall values for TM were obtained. The definition of the seasons is meteorological, beginning on the 1st day of the months of the equinoxes or solstices.
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Press-only preview: https://plos.io/3SjNsoq
Article URL: https://journals.plos.org/
Article Title: Norovirus GII wastewater monitoring for epidemiological surveillance
Contact: Kate Kuziak Galvin, [email protected]
Image Caption: Fig 1. HuNoV GII wastewater levels at 5 wastewater treatment plants in 2021–2022.
A. Comparison of PMMoV-normalized HuNoV GII levels from 5 WWTPs in Michigan from 2021–2022. HuNoV was quantified in influent samples using ddPCR at least weekly and PMMoV normalized values were plotted over one year. The only exception is TM, where sample collection began later, in January 2022. Lines connect all values measured for each WWTP. B. Seasonal HuNoV GII values in log10 (median, IQR) for each individual WWTP are presented using box-and-whisker plots for all 4 seasons. Note, no fall values for TM were obtained. The definition of the seasons is meteorological, beginning on the 1st day of the months of the equinoxes or solstices.
Image Credit: Ammerman et al, 2024. CC-BY 4.0
Image URL: https://plos.io/42993n6
Author Countries: USA
Funding: This study was supported by funding from the University of Michigan through the Public Health Infection Prevention and Response Advisory Committee (PHIPRAC - KRW and MCE co-PIs), and from the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services through the Michigan Sequencing Academic Partnership for Public Health Innovation and Response (MI-SAPPHIRE) grant (S MA-2022 (ELCEDE-UM) 10/01/2021 – 07/31/2024, (BF mPI) and wastewater surveillance program (SEWER network grant, KRW and MCE co-PIs). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared no competing interests exist.
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