Elevated levels of an enzyme called PHGDH in the blood of older adults could be an early warning sign of Alzheimer’s disease. Research led by UC San Diego has consistently found high levels of PHGDH expression in brain tissue and blood samples of older adults with different stages of the disease.
Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac rhythm abnormality, has been linked to one-third of ischemic strokes, the most common type of stroke. But atrial fibrillation is underdiagnosed, partly because many patients are asymptomatic.
Women’s elevated anxiety, depression and stress during pregnancy altered key features of the fetal brain, which subsequently decreased their offspring’s cognitive development at 18 months.
Scientists have assessed the long-term effects of intranasal insulin on cognition and on gait in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A core aspect of fairness is the ability to divide resources impartially among others. Previous research has shown that fair sharing behavior is a skill typically learned between the ages of four and six.
A study is the first to examine if sex significantly affects cognitive outcomes in people who follow individually-tailored, multi-domain clinical interventions. The study also determined whether change in risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), along with blood markers of AD risk, also were affected by sex. Results showed that while care in an Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic setting is equally effective at improving cognitive function in both women and men, the personally-tailored interventions used by the researchers led to greater improvements in women compared to men across AD and CVD disease risk scales, as well blood biomarkers of risk such as blood sugar, LDL cholesterol, and the diabetes test HbA1C. Findings are important because women are disproportionately affected by AD and population-attributable risk models suggest that managing risk factors can prevent up to one-third of dementia cases.
Vervet monkeys are quick and clever planners of the best route to follow on foraging trips, shows a new study.
It has previously been reported that the human visual system has an asymmetry in the visual field.
How do we perceive music and sounds? This question is the basis of the research by the Language and Comparative Cognition Group (LCC) of the UPF Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC) published recently in the journal Animal Cognition.
In a new brain-wide circuit tracing study, scientists at MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory focused selective attention on a circuit that governs, fittingly enough, selective attention.
People with type 2 diabetes who have cognitive impairment could be at greater risk for stroke, heart attack or death than other individuals with diabetes, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors, like high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and smoking, are believed to play key roles in the likelihood of developing cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. A new study suggests that people who accumulate these risk factors over time, at a faster pace, have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease dementia or vascular dementia, compared to people whose risk factors remain stable throughout life. The research is published in the April 20, 2022, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
To help address the rising tide of Alzheimer’s disease nationwide, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in collaboration with faculty at Pennsylvania State University and other institutions, have received a five-year, $32 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to support the ongoing Einstein Aging Study (EAS), which focuses on both normal aging and the special challenges of Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias. EAS was established at Einstein in 1980 and has been continuously funded by the NIH.
Right from birth, human brains are organized into networks that support mental functions such as vision and attention, a new study shows.
We’re all familiar with the classic “look” of a movie bad guy: peering through narrowing eyes with a sinister sneer (like countless James Bond villains, including Christopher Walken’s memorable Max Zorin in A View to a Kill) or pumped up to cartoon-like dimensions (like the Soviet boxer Drago who growls “I must break you” to Rocky Balboa in Rocky IV).
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Lead is an environmental neurotoxicant that causes neurocognitive deficits and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. It also disproportionately affects socially disadvantaged communities. The association between lead exposure and children’s IQ has been well studied, but few studies have examined the effects of blood lead on children’s physiological stress and behavior. Three University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing (Penn Nursing) studies shed light on how lead can affect children and adolescents’ physiological stress and emotional/behavioral development.
A new study by the University of Washington’s Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences finds that children can develop key reading skills in a virtual classroom with other students.
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A new study from Case Western Reserve University suggests a key protein molecule plays a major role in the accumulation of brain cholesterol, triggering the development of Alzheimer’s and supporting the use of peptide inhibitors as a therapeutic treatment target. The study found that mice, when treated with the peptide inhibitor, demonstrated 50% restored memory function, based on testing such as navigating mazes.
Adults who attended a four-day music festival subsequently exhibited diminished attentional performance that could have impaired their driving even after they were no longer intoxicated, an innovative study suggests. Alcohol is known to affect drivers’ attention and responses, both during acute intoxication and residually (while hungover). Little is known about which elements of cognition are affected by residual alcohol impairment, how vulnerable we might be to those effects, or how they interact with fatigue, another common source of driving impairment. This raises concerns about, for example, the ability of festival goers to drive home safely, even without traceable alcohol in their blood or breath. Assessing cognitive and driving performance in real-world circumstances calls for creative experimentation. For the study in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, Australian investigators compared young adults’ performance on attention tasks in a controlled setting involving alco
People who are organized, with high levels of self-discipline, may be less likely to develop mild cognitive impairment as they age, while people who are moody or emotionally unstable are more likely to experience cognitive decline late in life, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.
Across languages and cultures, words that help direct caregivers’ attention are likely to be among the first children learn and use frequently, according to a new Cornell study that is the largest ever, by sample size, of early vocabulary development in an Indigenous language.
In a new study conducted in rats, scientists report evidence that vitamin K could help protect against aging-related cognitive declines associated with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.
In recent years, subcortical small-vessel disease has become an increasingly common cognitive diagnosis.
Dr. James Galvin, chief of the Division of Cognitive Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, explains the brain disorder afflicting Bruce Willis that has caused him to step away from his acting career.
A small, preliminary study of an investigational new drug being studied for mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease suggests it is safe and may be associated with improvements in executive function, thinking and memory skills. The study is released today, March 31, 2022, and will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology’s 74th Annual Meeting being held in person in Seattle, April 2 to 7, 2022 and virtually, April 24 to 26, 2022. The drug, called SAGE-718, is also in clinical trials for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.
Cedars-Sinai neurology experts are available to discuss the latest advances in research and clinical care for patients with disorders of the nervous system ahead of the 74th annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), happening April 2-7.
The high rate of diabetes and high blood pressure combined in Puerto Rican people may be linked to structural changes in the brain, according to a study published in the March 30, 2022, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
The ability to map letters to sounds is considered an important indicator of early literacy skills.
BrainHQ exercises have been shown to be effective in hundreds of studies across varied populations, with benefits that include gains on standard measures of cognition (ie, attention, speed, memory, and decision-making), and quality of life (ie, mood, self-rated health, and health-related quality of life), as well as in real-world activities (eg, gait or balance, driving, listening, and work). BrainHQ is available, without charge to users, through leading Medicare Advantage plans, retirement communities, libraries, medical centers, and employers. Consumers can try BrainHQ for free at brainhq.com.
When we make complex decisions, we have to take many factors into account.
There may be a way in the future to enhance diabetes treatment – with better control of blood sugar and its use by the brain, and a lower risk for neurological problems – by attaching insulin to a specially designed nanomaterial.
The researchers set out to see if there had been an increase in the numbers of older people who were reporting their first concerns about memory loss or cognitive decline to their doctor and what their chances of developing dementia were after consultation.
Like flocks of birds or schools of fish, crowds of humans also tend to move en masse — almost as if they’re thinking as one. Scientists have proposed different theories to explain this type of collective pedestrian behavior.
These are promising findings adding to a growing body of evidence showing that virtual reality can be used to measure cognition and related everyday functioning effectively and accurately. The next steps will be to confirm these results and expand research into conditions characterised by cognitive complaints and functional difficulties such as psychosis and Alzheimer’s Disease.
For children being raised bilingual, reading with parents and caregivers is crucial because these children must learn twice as many words. A study from Arizona State University and the University of Texas at El Paso has analyzed how bilingual picture books geared towards young children balance the English and Spanish languages. The study shows that the picture books are predominantly written in English and offer opportunities for children to learn Spanish vocabulary words.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common and best known of the tauopathies, a set of neurodegenerative brain diseases caused by toxic tangles of the protein tau. A study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis has shown that targeting astrocytes — an inflammatory cell in the brain — reduces tau-related brain damage and inflammation in mice.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdown measures impacted mental health worldwide. However, the temporal dynamics of causal factors that modulate mental health during lockdown are not well understood. Ob...
Around 70% of long COVID patients in a new study experienced difficulty concentrating and memory problems several months after infection with the virus SARS-CoV-2.
The criminal justice system (CJS) is failing autistic people, argue researchers at the Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, after a survey of lawyers found that an overwhelming majority of their clients were not provided with adequate support or adjustments.
Cognitive decline is the biggest factor in determining how long patients with Alzheimer’s disease will live after being diagnosed, according to a new study from researchers at UT Southwestern. The findings, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, are a first step that could help health care providers provide reliable prediction and planning assistance for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and their families.
A researcher at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, and his colleagues at Harvard University, have shown in rats how several brain regions need to work together to acquire a skill and replicate it flawlessly with each rat adding their own personal flair in the form of a “dance.”
The ability to make perceptual and conceptual judgements such as knowing the difference between a picture of an object and the actual 3D object itself has been considered a defining capacity of primates, until now. A study provides the very first behavioral evidence that laboratory mice are capable of higher-order cognitive processes. Findings also provide strong support that the mouse’s hippocampus, like that of humans, is required for this form of nonspatial visual recognition memory and picture-object equivalence.
A new study shows that children’s digital screen time has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in potential risks to physical health.
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“If I don't see it, I don’t believe it”, people say when they want to be certain of something.
By: Mark Blackwell Thomas | Published: March 8, 2022 | 9:03 am | SHARE: A Florida State University research team has published a new study that estimates that exposure to lead has robbed Americans on average 2.6 IQ points per person.The study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.“Most of what we think of as the lost generation and the greatest generation and baby boomers had a moderate amount of lead exposure,” said Assistant Professor of Sociology Matt Hauer.
Approximately 23,700 children in the U.S. undergo invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure annually. Although most survive, little is known if they have worse long-term neurocognitive function than children who do not undergo such procedures. There are concerns about neurotoxic effects of critical illness and its treatment on the developing brain. Therefore, infants and young children may be uniquely susceptible to adverse neurocognitive outcomes after invasive mechanical ventilation.
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